ap test

:Explain the connection between physical geography and agricultural practices.

Agricultural practices are influenced by the physical environment and climatic conditions

Identify different methods of surveying rural settlements.

Metes and bounds, township and range, and long lot.

Identify different rural settlement patterns

Clustered, dispersed, or linear.

Identify major centers of domestication of plants and animals.

Early hearths of domestication of plants and animals arose in the Fertile Crescent and several other regions of the world, including the Indus River Valley, Southeast Asia, and Central America.

Explain how agricultural practices have environmental consequences.

Environmental effects of agricultural land use include pollution, land cover change, desertification, soil salinization, and conservation efforts.

Explain the advances and impacts of the second agricultural revolution.

New technology and increased food production in the second agricultural revolution led to better diets, longer life expectancies, and more people available for work in factories.

Explain how plants and animals diffused globally.

Patterns of diffusion, such as the Columbian Exchange and the agricultural revolutions, resulted in the global spread of various plants and animals.

Explain how agricultural practices have societal consequences.

Societal effects of agricultural practices include changing diets, role of women in agricultural production, and economic purpose.

Explain geographic variations in female roles in food production and consumption.

The role of females in food production, distribution, and consumption varies in many places depending on the type of production involved.

Intensive Farming

Various types of agriculture that involve high levels of input (capital, labor) per unit of agricultural land area per unit.

Extensive farming

Various types of agriculture that involve low levels of input (capital, labor) and outputs relative to agricultural land area.

Describe how the von Thünen model is used to explain patterns of agricultural production at various scales.

Von Thünen's model helps to explain rural land use by emphasizing the importance of transportation costs associated with distance from the market; however, regions of specialty farming do not always conform to von Thünen's concentric rings.