ap test unit 1 and 2

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Who were the Greek gods?

Zeus, Apollo, Hara, Poseidon, Hades, Ares, Aphrodite, Hermes ect...

Jupiter

Zeus; Chief God

Which civilization had The Mandate of Heaven?

Zhou Dynasty (Joe)The Mandate of Heaven was the belief that God gave the Emperor the right to rule if he is good. (devine)

Temple at the center of each Sumerian city

Ziggurat

Great Persian religious leader

Zoroaster

magi

Zoroastrian priests that transmitted early teachings orally; began writting them down in the Seleucid dynasty

Marcus Lepidus

a member of the Second Triumvirate

Pax Romana

a period of peace in the Roman Empire

Darius

Made many advancements in Persian Empire Dominates & administrates better than anyone Satrap system Made roads & coins

The Shang Dynasty (China) had oracle bones. Describe significance of oracle bones.

Scratched questions onto bones, thrown into a fire and the way the bones would crack would tell the answers from ancestors. Like a magic 8 ball

Mesopotamian writers

Scribes

Mediterranean Sea

Sea in central Europe surrounded by Mediterranean basin. Had sea lanes for TRADE.

Athens

Seafarers, city-state in Greece, very cultural and democratic

Hebrews

Small group in Palestine whose monotheism influenced both Christianity and Islam. Also known as the Israelites.

What was the Eleusinian cult?

Sponsored communities , and encouraged their followers to live with high moral standards.

What was the significance of Bantu migrations?

Spread language, farming and iron working skills. (Sub Sahara)2000 BCE

Famous persian transportation route

Royal Highway

Ashoka Maurya

Ruled Mauryan Empire and made it powerful. Conquered Kalinga for trade routes. Becomes Buddhist.

Describe why Pericles was so important to the transformation of Athens.

Ruler of Athens, ruled for 51 years, made Athens most sophisticated center.

Hammurabi

Ruler of the Babylonians, who conquered Sumer and Akkad in 1792 BCE. Established capital at Babylon. Responsible for the Code of Hammurabi.

1st Relationship Principle

Ruler to subject

Alexander

Rules Macedonia after father Philip II, well educated creates Hellenistic thoughts. Creates large, good military that conquers all known world

Dharma

Rules of religion Obedience to religious and moral laws

Laozi

Sage founder of Daoism

Nirvana

Salvation in Buddhism.

what were the three olmec centers starting with the oldest to the newest

San Lorenzo, La Venta, Tres Zapotes

Ruler who joined Sumer and Akkad

Sargon 1

Persian provinces

Satrapies

Oracle Bones were...

Scapulas of cattle

Free Citizens

The vast-mass of freeborn citizens. Relatively low chance to break-away from occupation or social class. Few possibilities for advancement. Not slaves

Why do dominant civilizations begin to fall apart?

They get too big, their own people get restless,foriegn threats gain confidence and power.

Polis

City state in greece

Basic political division in Sumer

City-State

Highly developed form of culture

Civilization

Scholar Gentry

Class that controlled much land and provided most candidates for civil service; replaced the old landed aristocracy as the political and economic elite of the Han Dynasty

Groups of people identifies by their status

Classes

Sumerians writing material

Clay

The Babylonian collection of laws

Code of Hammurabi

Money used for Persian trade

Coins

Reincarnation

Coming back to life as another being or object. In Hinduism to escape cycle of reincarnation you had to participate in world and meet caste goals.

Plebeians

Common people in Rome Got mad because government wasn't fair

Analects

Confucius's sayings and teachings compiled by his disciples Influenced politics and culture

Persian Empire

Conquered the Chaldean capital of Babylon in 539 BCE and established a powerful empire. Led originally by Cyrus the Great.

Bible

Consists of Old Testament and New Testament. Holy doctrine for Christians

Philip II

Controlled Macedonia & conquers creates strong Macedonian military.

Soft metal used by early cultures

Copper

What were the first crops in the Middle East?

Wheat and Barley. Rice in China, Yams in Africa, maize in America.

Greek settlements around the Black Sea gave merchants access to what?

Grains, timber, fur, honey, and slaves

What were the two key agricultural products that the Greeks were able to produce?

Grapes; Olives

Stoicism

Greek philosophy. Virtue was most important. Maintain even balance, not too happy, not too sad.

What is a polis? What is an oligarchy?

Greek(city state); a group of small monarchies put together and ran by one group

Phoenicians

Group living along the eastern Mediterranean (Palestine) who became independent after the decline of the Hittites and Egyptians. Among the first to create a written alphabet. Passed on to the Greeks then Romans.

Chaldeans

Group that defeated the Assyrian Empire and destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BCE.

Pluto

Hades; God of the Underworld

satrapies

administrative and taxation districts which divided the Persian empire and were governed by officials called satraps

Confucianism

adopted by the Han and set out a way that people should behave in relation to other. focused on learning as important

The warring states period...

begins the end of Zhou dynasty, 500 year civil war

what statue is popular in olmec

big stone head

Jesus

born in Bethlehem; founder of Christianity

Royal Road

built by Achaemenid rulers to link Aegean ports (Ephesus) to Anatolia, than on to Mesopotamia (Tigris River), to Susa (Iran), ending in Persepolis; 1600 mile trade route brought realm together

Great Wall

built to keep nomadic invaders out of China. started by the Qin

how was the next king decided in meroë

by his sisters son

The Gauls

came from modern France

what was the title of the queen in meroe

candace

what culture influenced chavin

caral

What did logographic writing enable?

centries of cultural continuity

Byzantium

changed its city name to Constantine in honor is him

Why was Philip's advancement into Greece met with little resistance?

chaos from Peloponnesian War

what culture did llamas belong to

chavin

how was the labor based in the Chavín

clan based

where were olmec centers

coast of mexico

how was the labor based in olmec

collective labor

List five key effects Greek colonization had on the Mediterranean Basin and Black Sea.

comuunication, trade, spread of Greek language and tradition, social and political influence

domestic staple crops of olmec

corn bean squash manioc

what were women's role in meroë

could be queens

Spring and autumn period was the..

fall of Western Zhou dynasty

Afghanistan

far eastern portions of Persian empire (Bactria) that borders the Hindu Kush mountain range

Octavian

gained more land for Rome than any other emperor

what did egyptians want from nubia

gold mines

what are nubia's natural resources

gold, semiprecious stones, copper

Darius

greatest of the Achaemenid empreors (r. 521-486 BCE); ruled an empire stretching from the Indus River valley to the Aegean Sea

what is known about olmec politics

had some form of king, power was on the control of certain things and the popularity of their religious practices

Tarquin the Proud

harsh Etruscan ruler

Qin Dynasty

harsh dynasty that ruled for only one emperor and then was taken over by the Han

what was the capital of kush

kerma

Moral example of superiors was...

key to a restored social harmony

Macedonia

kingdom located in northern Greece; originally loosely organized under kings, became centralized under Philip II; served as basis for unification of Greece and later Macedonian empire

Latifundia

large estates

Why was the Egyptian city of Alexandria so important?

large library and large port that could hold 1200 ships

Brennus

leader of the Gauls who sacked Rome

Attila the Hun

led his Asiatic tribe on a conquest of Europe (395 AD)

Indus seals found in Mesopotamia and China shows...

long distance trade

Plebians

lower class in Rome

Underclass

lowest class of individual that had virtually no rights

What was an interesting fact that Alexander was going to implement into his government had he not suddenly died?

mating generals to Persian women

Marcus Lucius Crassus, Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompey

members of the First Triumvirate

Where where the Olmec located

mesoamerica

what was kush known for

metalworking and construction

when did egypt occupy the northern part of nubia

middle kingdom

why did Chavín have such power and control

military strength and their appealing religious system

King Wen...

mind behind mandate of heaven, cultured or literate

The Analects

most important Confucian work; conversation; how morality can be reflected in ones behavior

Tiberius Gracchus

murdered for his land reform proposals

What caused the Minoan society to fall?

natural disasters; wealth attracted invaders.

when was kush invaded, by who, and what was the effect

new kingdom, egypt, removal of nubian laborers and imposition of egyptian culture

where is nubia located

nile valley

was egyptian culture influence strong in meroë

why did nubia have to be strong militarily

nomads and egyptians who wanted their gold mines

Gentiles

non-Jews

The hunts

not a Germanic tribe

Julius Caesar

not involved in the Battle of Actium

Paul

not on eof the original twelve apostles; he was most responsible for spreading Jesus' teachings

bureaucrats

officials that make up teh administration of most "ancient" government institutions

when did early nubia trade with egypt

old kingdom

what did the ruling elites do in the chavín and olmec civilizations

organize labor and gather wealth

Martyrs

people who suffer or die for their beliefs

Bactria

region of Persian empire comprising modern Afghanistan; once conquered by Alexander the Great

Xerxes

reigned 486-465 BCE; successor to Darius; harshly repressed rebellions of subject peoples (Mesopotamia & Egypt)

Daoism

religion that focuses on the internal and finding peace with natue

Filial Piety

respect for your family especially your father. ecxpected to take care of your parents in old age

where was the Chavín

south america

SunTsu

started circulation the art of war

The Battle of Chalons

stopped the Huns advance into Europe

Alexander (the Great) of Macedonia

successor of Philip II; successfully conwuered Persian empire prior to his death in 323 BCE; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures

Wild ancestor of Maize

teosinte

Shi Huangdi

the Qin ruler. ended the warring states period and was very harsh. mandated the building of a terracotta army to protect him in the afterlife.

The Italics

the Sabines, Umbrians, and Latins; first settlers of Italy (2000-1000 BCE)

Calligraphy

the artistic form of chinese writing

Han Decline

the decline was precipitated by nomadic invaders from the north invading the empire and raiding its borders.

Nero

the insane Julian Emperor who allowed Rome to burn

Marcus Aurelius

the last of the "Good emperors"

Iran

the modern day country of the Middle East in which Persia was located; borders the Persian Gulf

The Senate

the most powerful body of the Roman Republic's government

what spread the development of civilization in nubia

the need for irrigated agriculture and its trading relationship with egypt

Diocletian

tried to save the Roman Empire by splitting it

Patricians

upper class in rome

Female slaves were put to work in large scale weaving enterprises while male slaves were...

used to help maintain irrigation canals and construct ziggurats.

what was the kings power like in kush

very powerful, tons of sacrifices for their burials

Ticinus, Trebia, and Lake Trasimine

victories by Hannibal

Why do you think the Kingdom of Macedon was so interested in Greece?

wealth and lack of resistence following Peloponnesian War

tribute

wealth given by one party to another (usually) as a sign of submission or political allegiance

Anatolia

western part of the Persian empire that comprises present day Turkey

Reciprocity

what goes around comes around

Sumerian civ made what advancements?

wheel, calendar, 60 base number system.

Dao is...

"the way"

Using chronological ordering, list how Alexander expanded his empire. Why did he stop in Punjab at the Indus River in 327 BC?

333 BC- Anatolia and Ionia 332 BC- Syria and Egypt 331 BC- Mesopotamia 330 BC- All of Persia 327 BC- Punjab of India

Tribune

Gave commoners the ability to veto laws

Why was the age of Alexander known as the Hellenistic Age or Era? The expansion of what empire would effectively end this era?

Geek traditions spread beyond Greece. Romans would end the era

What is intensification?

Getting more for less. More crops on a smaller piece of land, CONTINUING HUMN EFFORT TO SUBDUE THE EARTH.

What is diffusion?

Getting something from another culture. the spread of ideas through interactions with outsiders.

Sumerian priest-king who was the hero of the world's oldest story

Gilgamesh

Daoism

Go with the flow religion Lived by wuwei-isolation, disengagement from world affairs Appealed to poor

Krishna

God in human incarnation as Arjuna's charioteer. Explains each caste has its own responsibilities and following them gives salvation.

Number found by Gupta people to find area of a circle

5th Relationship Principle

Older friend to younger friend

4th Relationship Principle

Oldest brother to younger brother

Basalt heads weighing 20 tons and ritual scrifice

Olmec

What was the family structure like in Greece?

Patriotic, the man was in charge, the fathers had the right to keep the infant and it was illegal to kill it.

Basic principle of Hittite justice

Payment of damages

What were signs that a particular ruler had lost the mandate of heaven?

Peasant uprisings, invasions by foreign rulers, drought, flood, famine, earthquakes

Capital city of Persia

Persepolis

Alaric

Visigoth Kind who sacked Rome

Jericho

Walled city in Palestine dating back to 7000 BCE. Sun-dried mud bricks.

Catal Huyuk

Walled city in modern Turkey dating back to 6700 BCE. Mud-brick structures housed up to 6000 people. Food surpluses allowed for artisans and merchants.

Peloponnesian War

War between the Athens with allies and Sparta with allies. Persia allied with Sparta and made Athens surrender. (Civil war)

Major occupation of the Assyrians

Warfare

The end of the last Ice Age brought what?

Warmer, wetter, better. Stable condtions for farming.

Persian wars

Wars between Greece and Persia. Darius wanted to punish Athens for helping Ionian Greeks. The Greeks beat Persians

what technologies were the olmec known for

architecture, writing, astronomy

Thrace

area in SE Europe centered on the modern-day borders of Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey; northern reaches of the Persian empire

Terra Cotta Army

army built out of hardened clay to protect the Qin emperor in death

what led to the decline of nubia

assyrians attacked for their help of palestine

The Gauls (387 BCE)

attack and burn Rome

Cyrus

established massive Persian empire by 550 BCE; successor state to Mesopotamian empires

what metal became popular in meroe and replaced bronze

iron

Persepolis

served as the great capital of the Achaemenid dynasty from about 520-330 BCE; administrative and cultural center of empire; built by Darius

what did the kings often do in kush

set up labor force

Franks and Burgundians

settled in Frank

Ostrogoths

settled in Italy

Visigoths

settled in Spain

Parables

short stories with moral lessons told by jesus

The Greek colonies in Sicily and Neapolis provided what for the merchants?

Fertile, zinc, copper, tin

Constantine

Fights to be new emperor after Diocletus.

4th Confucian principle

Filial Piety (respect your elders)

Laozi said...

"Classic of the way and virtue"

Cato

"Delenda est Carthago!"

Julius Caesar sayin

"Et tu, Brutus!'

Hannibal said...

"Even in death I have defeated the Romans again, They will no have their way with me!"

Virgil

"For they conquer, who believe they can!"

Archimedes saying

"Give me a place to stand and I can move the world!"

Homo Habilis

"Handy Human". Lived around 2.5 million years ago. Bipedal with brains 50% larger than Australopithicines.

Megalithic Structures

"Large Stone" structures, such as Stonehenge in England, built around Europe dating to 4000 BCE.

Mesolithic Age

"Middle Stone" Age (roughly 10,000 BCE to 7,000 BCE). Timeline varies by location. Mesolithic societies are characterized by early stages of plant and animal domestication.

Neolithic Revolution

"New Stone" Age (roughly 10,000 BCE to 4,000 BCE). Independent development of agriculture in pockets around the globe. Improved stone tools. Allowed for sedentary societies and eventually civilizations.

Paleolithic Age

"Old Stone" Age (c. 2.5 MYA to 10,000 BCE). Hunter-gather societies.

Mare Nostrum

"Our Sea"; Romans called the Med Sea this

Pax Romana

"Roman peace" empire is stable, so transportation, trade, and communication.

Australopithicines

"Southern Ape-men". Earliest hominids, arose 3-4 million years ago. Bipedal with the first stone tools.

Homo Erectus

"Upright Human". Arose around 1.8 million years ago. More advanced than earlier human ancestors with a wider variety of stone tools. First hominid to leave Africa.

Homo Sapiens

"Wise Human". Group of humans than includes modern humans (Homo Sapiens Sapiens) and Neanderthals. Emerged around 250,000 years ago.

Sargon

Leader of the Akkadians who conquered the Sumerian city-states and extended Akkadian rule to the Mediterranean Sea.

4th rule of the mandate of heaven?

No one dynasty has a permanent right to rule

An event leading to the collapse of the Han dynasty was A) the Yellow Turban uprising. B) the invasion of the Xiongnu. C) the rise of the "socialist emperor." D) the moving of the capital to Luoyang. E) All these answers are correct

A) the Yellow Turban uprising.

Power passed down through generations, no force, only charisma, gifts and religious status. controlled army, food supply

Cheifdoms

Sumerian Society

Nobles (including Priests), Commoners, Slaves.

Where did the Neolithic Rev occur?

China Fertile Crescent New Guinea Mesoamerica Andes

Population centers

Cities

Forbidden City

City built for the emperor to live in with his close family. only his closest adivisors and relatives where allowed in to the huge complex.

Old Kingdom

2700 BCE to 2100 BCE, encompassing the 3rd through 6th dynasties of Egyptian kings. Age of prosperity and the construction of the great pyramids.

What was the wealthiest of the Hellenistic empires? Why?

Ptolemaic because of Alexandria

1-3 describe the extense of slavery in rome/egypt/meso

Rome-1(most) Mesopotamia-2 Egypt:3(least)

When did most Paleolithic societies die out?

1 CE

Who made up the slave population in Greece?

1. Captured Solders 2. Africans 3. Russians 4. Former Greeks

What were the different Greek deities?

12 sets of deities, TOP 4: Olympian, Primordial, Titans, and Giants

when did egyptian authority of nubia collapse

1200 bce

when were the olmec around

1200-400 bce

New Kingdom

1550 BCE to 1085 CE. The Egyptians took back Egypt from the Hyksos, an invading group from Central Asia. Egypt expanded and became the most powerful state in the Middle East.

No farming, depending on animals, (herders, pastorialists, nomads. Central Asia, Arabian Penninsula, Sahara. Mobile. Clan/tribe based.

Pastorialists

Punic wars

3 wars between Rome & Carthage oler economic competition over Sicily. Romans conquered Carthage & put many in slavery.

1st civilizations

1:Sumer 2:Egypt 3:Norte Chico 4:Indus Valley 5:China (Shang and Zhou) 6:Olmec

Which two metals were important?

1st Bronze(copper+tin) 3000 BCE 1st Iron 1300 BCE

Middle Kingdom

2055 BCE to 1650 BCE, often considered the Egyptian Golden Age. Pharaohs typically were more responsive to the wills of the public in this period.

when did the nubians rule egypt

25th dynasty, 712-660 bce

How long does Zhou dynasty rule?

800 years

When did a nubian kingdom arose and where was the original capital

8th century bce, napata

Nubia

A civilization to the south of Egypt in the Nile Valley, noted for development of an alphabetic writing system and a major ironworking industry by 500 B.C.E.

Code of Hammurabi

A collection of 282 laws which were enforced under Hammurabi's Rule. One of the first examples of written law in the ancient civilizations. Strictly enforced with punishments varying by social class.

"Another such victory and we are lost"

A Pyrrhic victory is a costly victory

Civilization

A complex culture usually involving urban centers, organized government, social hierarchies, agricultural surplus, religion, artistic and intellectual innovation, and writing*.

Which of the following would NOT have been on a ship carrying goods in the classical era? A) pepper and cotton from India B) silk from Bactria C) olive oil and wine from Rome D) spices from Southeast Asia E) slaves from Africa

B) silk from Bactria

Cuneiform

A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. Texts date back to 3000 BCE.

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders.

Satrap

A governor of a province in ancient Persia.

Hittites

A group from central Anatolia who created their own empire in western Asia between 1600 and 1200 BCE. The first to make use of iron for tools and weapons.

Sumer

A group of ancient city-states in southern Mesopotamia; the earliest civilization in Mesopotamia.

The rise of private armies directly threatened the existence of the Roman republic. Which of the following men did NOT command private armies? A) Gaius Marius B) the Gracchi brothers C) Lucius Cornelius Sulla D) Julius Caesar E) Mark Antony

B) the Gracchi brothers

Pharaoh

A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political leader.

Who was Sappho?

A litterate lesbian ( Famous Greek Poet )

The Barrach Emperors

Emperors who were all generals; all died (except one) violently at war

Zoroastrianism

A monotheistic religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil.

Sumerian development in mathematics

A number system based on 60

The Importance of the Battle of Chalons

Attila the Hun was defeated

Divination

A ritual designed to uncover information about the future and the actions of the gods. Part of the religious practices of Mesopotamian civilization.

Academy

A school created by Plato

Hominids

A species on the human branch of the evolutionary tree; a member of the family Hominidae, including Homo sapiens and our ancestors.

Ziggurats

A stepped tower in Sumerian cities dedicated to the city's chief god or goddess.

After Jesus' crucifixion, his followers called him "Christ," meaning A) "the anointed one." B) "the son of God." C) "the enlightened one." D) "the one who sacrifices." E) None of these answers is correct.

A) "the anointed one."

The man who founded the first Indian empire was A) Chandragupta Maurya. B) Chandra Gupta. C) Ashoka Maurya. D) Alexander of Macedon. E) Siddhartha Gautama.

A) Chandragupta Maurya.

The emperor who allowed Christians to practice their faith openly for the first time in the Roman empire was A) Constantine. B) Theodosius. C) St. Augustine. D) Diocletian. E) None of these answers is correct

A) Constantine.

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to Hinduism? A) It restricted sexual activities. B) It became the most popular religion of classical India. C) It did not have a single founder like Siddhartha Gautama for Buddhism. D) It supported the caste system. E) It included a belief in reincarnation.

A) It restricted sexual activities.

One of the differences between early Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism was that A) Mahayana theologians invented the notion of the boddhisatva. B) Mahayana theologians revised the Four Noble Truths. C) Mahayana Buddhists did not honor the Buddha as a god. D) Mahayana Buddhists did not embrace the notion of dharma. E) Mahayana Buddhism was dominant in Ceylon

A) Mahayana theologians invented the notion of the boddhisatva

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to Chinese silk? A) Sericulture was first discovered by the Chinese during the Han dynasty. B) Chinese silk was finer than others because of advanced sericulture techniques. C) During Han times, Chinese silk became a prized commodity in India, Persia, Mesopotamia, and the Roman empire. D) During the Han, sericulture expanded from the Yellow River valley to most of China. E) Chinese silk thread was made from unraveling silkworm cocoons.

A) Sericulture was first discovered by the Chinese during the Han dynasty.

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the silk roads? A) The silk roads actually had nothing to do with silk. B) Because of the silk roads, silk garments became popular among wealthy Romans. C) The silk roads linked much of Eurasia and north Africa. D) The silk roads also included sea lanes. E) The silk roads also carried fine spices

A) The silk roads actually had nothing to do with silk.

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the popularity of Buddhism in post-Han China? A) The threats of epidemic diseases turned the Chinese to Buddhism for personal salvation. B) After the collapse of the Han dynasty, Confucianism lost its dominant position. C) The nomadic peoples who migrated into north China brought their Buddhist faith to the Chinese. D) Missionary efforts by Buddhists attracted many native Chinese followers. E) Buddhism was familiar because many foreign merchants practiced it.

A) The threats of epidemic diseases turned the Chinese to Buddhism for personal salvation.

From the mid-seventh century, Zoroastrianism lost its popularity because A) Zoroastrians were converting to Islam. B) it was outlawed by the Persian government. C) it was outlawed by Islamic conquerors. D) more and more people turned to belief in Christianity. E) None of these answers is correct.

A) Zoroastrians were converting to Islam.

The excavation site of the First Emperor's tomb near modern Xi'an is a great tourist attraction. When you visit the tomb, you can see A) a great terra-cotta army of Qin soldiers and cavalry. B) sacrificed slaves, concubines, and craftsmen who designed and built the tomb. C) a map of the emperor's realm on the ceiling. D) an underground palace lined with bronze. E) All these answers are correct.

A) a great terra-cotta army of Qin soldiers and cavalry.

Among the principles of Jainist ethics, the most important was A) ahimsa. B) kshatriya. C) Jina. D) kama. E) boddhisatva

A) ahimsa.

Confucius left an enduring mark on Chinese society as A) an educator and political advisor. B) a man involved in the practice of statecraft as an ambitious official. C) a great traveler and writer of deep philosophical treatises. D) a powerful and wise emperor. E) None of these answers is correct.

A) an educator and political advisor

By dividing the Roman empire into two administrative districts, Emperor Diocletian attempted to A) establish more effective control of the empire. B) share imperial power with the "barracks emperors." C) give up the east half of the empire to Christians. D) make up for his lack of skill as an administrator. E) None of these answers is correct.

A) establish more effective control of the empire.

To govern a far-flung empire consisting of more than seventy distinct ethnic groups, the Achaemenid rulers A) established lines of communication and centralized administration. B) forced the peoples to speak only Persian and believe only in the Persian religion. C) used imperial spies to control the conquered masses. D) decentralized their administration. E) All these answers are correct.

A) established lines of communication and centralized administration.

In Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the ancient Greeks were portrayed as A) expert and fearless seafarers. B) professional pirates. C) warriors with human heads and horse bodies. D) rational philosophers. E) drunken homosexuals.

A) expert and fearless seafarers

Which of the following caused the Mauryan empire to decline and collapse? A) financial difficulties caused by maintaining the army and bureaucracy B) peasant rebellions and factional violence among members of the imperial court C) foreign invasion by the White Huns D) too many converts to Jainism refusing to fight wars E) All these answers are correct

A) financial difficulties caused by maintaining the army and bureaucracy

All of the following are true of the Parthians EXCEPT that they A) had a centralized government. B) were semi-nomadic people. C) had well-trained forces of heavily armed cavalry. D) portrayed themselves as restorers of Persian traditions. E) were pressured by the Roman empire

A) had a centralized government.

Han Wudi decided to go on the offensive against the Xiongnu primarily because A) he wanted to pacify them and create a central Asian corridor to trade. B) other methods did not effectively pacify the Xiongnu and stop their raids. C) the powerful Xiongnu leader, Maodun, killed his father. D) he wanted to capture the wealthy Xiongnu cities. E) All these answers are correct.

A) he wanted to pacify them and create a central Asian corridor to trade

Greek philosophy is often characterized as "rational" because A) it was based purely on human reason. B) its reasoning was based purely on experiment. C) it transformed the Greek myths into philosophical speculation. D) it encouraged a personal emotional response to the gods. E) All of the answers are correct.

A) it was based purely on human reason.

The Roman republic was dominated by A) patricians. B) plebeians. C) democratic leaders. D) merchants. E) priests.

A) patricians.

Between the mid-eighth and the late-sixth centuries B.C.E., the Greeks founded more than four hundred colonies along the shores of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. The driving force behind this movement was primarily A) population pressure. B) an abundance of agricultural land in Greece. C) earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on the Greek peninsula. D) a sense of pride associated with military conquests of other peoples. E) the need to flee from the Persians.

A) population pressure.

After Wang Mang usurped the throne of the Han, he attempted to A) restore land that had been taken from the royal family. B) solve the problem of court factions. C) redistribute land more equitably. D) conquer the Xiongnu. E) All these answers are correct.

A) restore land that had been taken from the royal family.

Mithraism was especially popular among A) soldiers. B) women. C) slaves. D) the wealthy. E) intellectuals.

A) soldiers.

According to legend, Siddhartha Gautama, the first Buddha, abandoned his family and comfortable life to lead the existence of a holy man because of his concern with A) suffering. B) the souls of everything in the universe. C) the social responsibility associated with his caste. D) his guilt over his behavior in battle. E) his children

A) suffering.

The Peloponnesian War was fought between A) two groups of Greek adversaries under the leadership of Athens and Sparta. B) Thebes and Corinth. C) Anatolian Greeks and peninsular Greeks. D) the Persian empire and Athens. E) None of these answers is correct.

A) two groups of Greek adversaries under the leadership of Athens and Sparta.

Immediately after the dissolution of the Han empire in 220 C.E., China A) was taken over by nomadic peoples. B) became increasingly powerful in trade. C) fell under the domination of the Sui dynasty. D) changed its policy on land distribution. E) None of these answers is correct.

A) was taken over by nomadic peoples.

All of the following constituted a function of gov't in Han China EXCEPT A) schools for peasant boys B) promotion of scientific research C) large construction projects D) promotion of Confucian beliefs E) punishment of criminals

Chinese art featured A) careful craftsmanship and detail work B) monumental temples and stadiums C) frequent shifts in style D) images of perfectly proportioned humans E) emphasis on God and the holy family

Compared to China, India A) had greater contact w/ other societies and civilizations B) had a more flexible social structure C) lacked regional diversity D) was more secular in outlook E) had much more recent origins

Compared to a Chinese nobleman, a peasant in classical China differed in all of the following EXCEPT A) dependence on land as the basic economic resource B) likelihood pf literacy C) likelihood of belief in a number of gods or spirits of nature D) level of wealth E) belief in the cycled of history

Egypt differed from the Mesopotamian civilization by stressing A) well-organized, durable empires B) firm religious beliefs C) greater social inequality D) extensive trade E) more modest building projects

Hinduism urged that A) all living creatures participated in the divine essence B) monotheism was superior to polytheism C) Brahmins would automatically gain nirvana after death D) withdrawal from the world was the only path to holiness E) worship of nature's spirits and images was blasphemous

India's trading network involved direct contact with all of the following EXCEPT A) Russia B) southeast Asia C) central Asia D) the Middle East E) China

Once developed, metal tools were preferred over stone tools for al of the following reasons EXCEPT A) they were easier for ordinary people to make at home B) they were sharper and more precise C) they made more accurate weapons D) they permitted more diverse shapes E) they were more durable

One difference b/w classical China and the earlier Hwanghe ricer-valley civilization was that in classical China, A) religious sacrifices were suppressed B) traditions emphasized the harmony of nature C) irrigation was widely practiced D) farming was important E) China became relatively isolated

The Aryan conquerors brought to India A) distinctive religious ideas B) new agricultural techniques C) its first civilization D) political democracy E) admiration for India's earlier inhabitants

The Chinese gov't accepted Daoism for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A) Daoist believed that nobles were holier than peasants B) Daoism was imported into China from abroad C) Daoists did not have great political ambitions D) Daoists came to acknowledge the Son of Heaven E) Daoist provided spiritual insights for many in the upper classes

The characteristic political organization of the Tigris-Euphrates civilization was A) regional city/ states B) village-level gov't. C) large, durable empires D) democracy E) hunting bands

The development of agriculture caused important changes in all of the following EXCEPT A) the tendency to believe in many gods B) male-female relations C) the development of complex social patterns D) population size and life expectancy E) the stability of human settlements

Macedonia

Pasture land in N of peninsular Greece, ruled by Philip II.

some inequalities (elders over young, men over women)

Agricultural Village Societies

What are three points that contributed to the growth of early civilzations?

Agriculture, written language, and the use of metals.

What is the name of the first human like creature and the origin?

Australopithicines (Lucy) Found in Ethiopia

The Gracchi brothers are known for being A) owners of latifundia. B) reformers. C) powerful generals. D) emperors. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) reformers.

What made the Olympics such a popular festival?

Allowed communities all over Greec to be send their best athalites to compete in events.

In 139 B.C.E., the Chinese emperor dispatched Zhang Qian to central Asia to A) open the silk roads. B) seek allies against the Xiongnu. C) buy large and strong horses. D) spy on his enemies. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) seek allies against the Xiongnu.

What was the Dionysus cult?

God of wine/sex. Celebrated with music and dance, only women and a few men. The birth of the Greek traditions came out of this cult.

What was the base for Greek deities?

Attached super natural powers to natural elements.

The Royal Road

Ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius I of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century B.C. Darius built the road to facilitate rapid communication throughout his very large empire.

Diana

Artemis; Goddess of the Hunt

Assyrian king who created a notable early library

Ashurbanipal

Supreme god of the Assrians

Assur

Warfare specialists who destroyed Babylon and created a huge empire

Assyrians

Chaldeans studies of the heavens

Astronomy and astrology

Yahweh

God, according to the Hebrews/Israelites.

Egyptian Society

God-King (Pharaoh), Nobles/Priests, Merchants/Artisans, Peasants, Slaves.

Hellenistic Empires

Alexander's generals split empire in 3. (Greek influence)

Decline of Egypt

According to Egyptian tradition, Egypt was invaded by the "Sea Peoples" and never recovered their former borders outside of the Nile region.

Principal occupation of the earliest river valley dwellers

Farming

Migrations from Africa were shown

Across the Bering Strait or down the west coast of North America.

What were the two most important poleis (plural for polis) to come develop in Greece?

Athens and Sparta

Group of states or nations under one ruler- first created by Sargon

An Empire

Hieroglyphics

An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds.

The Peloponnesian War was fought between whom? Why?

Athens and Sparta over poleis giving too much money to Athens

Cooperative system that developed as people worked together

Government

Hammurabi followed what rules?

An eye fo an eye. A punishment to fit the crime or be equal

Settled in Britain

Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Scots, and Picts

Capital City of Shang

Anyang

Venus

Aphrodite; Goddess of Love and Beauty

Desert land to the south of Mesopotamia

Arabia

Architectural element invented by Sumerians

Arch

Area where Mesopotamia's twin rivers began

Armenia

What impacts did Polytheism have in the development of civilization?

Art,(grand works dedicted to the gods) People became dependant on elevated groups of people to control their collective densities. (Socical structures with priests near the top)

Which of the following is true with regard to Minoan and Mycenaean societies? A) Both societies used Linear A. B) Both societies built palaces. C) Both societies were established by Indo-European immigrants. D) Both societies fought in the Trojan War. E) Both were centered on Crete

B) Both societies built palaces.

Egypt was conquered by A) Cyrus. B) Cambyses. C) Darius. D) Xerxes. E) Zarathustra.

B) Cambyses.

Individuals in traditional China could live as "Confucians by day . . . and Daoists by night." This refers to the notion that A) the difference between Confucianism and Daoism was as clear-cut as day and night. B) Confucianism and Daoism were not mutually exclusive but, in many people's eyes, complemented each other. C) the Chinese, like other peoples, were active in daytime and became passive at night. D) Daoism was associated with darkness and evil and Confucianism with light and good. E) people often pretended to be Confucians to others while secretly practicing Daoism.

B) Confucianism and Daoism were not mutually exclusive but, in many people's eyes, complemented each other.

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the Visigoths before they invaded the Roman empire? A) They adopted Roman law. B) They adopted official Roman language and social customs. C) They contributed large numbers of soldiers to the Roman armies. D) They were driven further west by the Huns. E) They converted to Christianity.

B) They adopted official Roman language and social customs.

Mani, the founder of Manichaeism, promoted a syncretic blend of A) Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism. B) Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Buddhism. C) Nestorianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. D) Hinduism, Daoism, and Confucianism. E) Confucianism, Christianity, and Judaism

B) Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Buddhism

Augustus's government was A) a republic disguised as a monarchy. B) a monarchy disguised as a republic. C) an oligarchy disguised as democracy. D) a democracy disguised as an empire. E) an empire disguised as a democracy.

B) a monarchy disguised as a republic.

Zarathustra was A) an emperor. B) a prophet. C) a magi. D) a monotheist. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) a prophet.

By "tyrants" the Greeks meant A) oppressive despots with no popular support. B) ambitious politicians who gained power by irregular means. C) extremely popular leaders of poleis. D) democratic rulers of Athens. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) ambitious politicians who gained power by irregular means.

About 55 C.E., Paul of Tarsus traveled from a port in Palestine to Rome in order to A) seek converts. B) appeal his case. C) apply for Roman citizenship. D) seek his fortune. E) None of these answers is correct

B) appeal his case.

The rulers of the Seleucid empire could not control the empire effectively, primarily because A) they abandoned the Achaemenid systems of administration and communication. B) as foreigners, they were opposed by native Persians. C) they were challenged by the Greeks. D) they were not able to resist the military pressure of the Islamic empire. E) None of these answers is correct

B) as foreigners, they were opposed by native Persians.

Han Wudi, the greatest and most energetic emperor of the Han dynasty, was remembered by later generations A) as the "First Emperor." B) as the "Martial Emperor." C) as a "socialist emperor." D) for his successful conquest of central Asia. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) as the "Martial Emperor."

According to the authors of the textbook, Jainism and Buddhism appealed especially to members of lower castes because both religions A) practiced asceticism, which poor people could afford to do. B) did not recognize social distinctions based on caste or jati. C) organized monastic orders that provided the poor with shelters and a meaningful lifestyle as monks. D) appealed to the brahmins. E) All these answers are correct

B) did not recognize social distinctions based on caste or jati.

The Delian League was created to A) conduct democratic reforms in Athens. B) discourage further Persian invasions. C) maintain peace within the Greek world. D) bring greater wealth to Sparta and its allies. E) All these answers are correct.

B) discourage further Persian invasions.

Mencius, the principal spokesman for the Confucian school, advocated that A) the evil nature of human beings could be improved by moral education. B) government should be organized through benevolence and humane action. C) government should be run by laws. D) people should strive to live in harmony with nature. E) All these answers are correct

B) government should be organized through benevolence and humane action.

In classical India, jati A) were economically self-sufficient and politically autonomous. B) had their own courts to control crimes and solve disputes. C) were not much different from guilds of other societies. D) were based on religious affiliation. E) All these answers are correct

B) had their own courts to control crimes and solve disputes

The principal agent(s) for the spread of Buddhism over the silk roads was/were A) the Buddha himself. B) merchants. C) Indian monks. D) missionaries of the emperor Ashoka. E) mariners

B) merchants.

The Persian Royal Road stretched some 2,575 kilometers (1,600 miles) from Sardis in Lydia to Susa in Iran. To travel from one end to the other, it would take A) six months for caravans. B) ninety days for caravans. C) two weeks for Marathon runners. D) one week for imperial couriers. E) one year for merchants

B) ninety days for caravans

According to Plato, Socrates' view of death was that A) death is an eternity of nothingness. B) no evil can happen to a good man either in life or after death. C) all men know life is better than death. D) death is a good thing. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) no evil can happen to a good man either in life or after death.

The concept dao means A) natural laws such as those defined by modern physics. B) the original force of the cosmos, an eternal and unchanging principle that governs all the workings of the world. C) passive and yielding forces that exist only in water and empty spaces. D) living according to ren, li, and xiao. E) All these answers are correct.

B) the original force of the cosmos, an eternal and unchanging principle that governs all the workings of the world.

The "Persian Wars" (500-479 B.C.E.) refers to A) the rebellions of Mesopotamia and Egypt against the Achaemenid overlord. B) the rebellions of the Greek city-states, fighting for their independence. C) the wars between Alexander of Macedon and the Achaemenid empire. D) the series of civil wars that occurred within the Achaemenid empire. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) the rebellions of the Greek city-states, fighting for their independence.

The great Qin empire only lasted a few years. It was ended by A) a military coup. B) waves of revolts. C) deadly epidemics. D) violence of court factions. E) invasions by nomadic people

B) waves of revolts

A "dynasty" in Chinese history was A) kings dominated by foreign interests B) a family that passed the imperial title from generation to generation C) powerful bureaucrats who ran the state D) any emperor who lasted more than two decades E) big business families who monopolized overseas trade

Hindu ethics involved A) finding ultimate happiness B) emphasis on an individual carrying out the obligations of life C) attack on all opposing religious faiths D) condemnations of money-making E) a detailed set of prohibitions on sexual activity

Jewish monotheism A) was spread actively by Jewish missionaries throughout the Middle East B) emphasized the power and abstraction of God C) included worship of various lesser gods D) influenced no other religions E) emerged at the high point of Sumerian civilization

The Neolithic revolution occurred first in A) Central America B) the Middle East C) China D) Egypt E) India

Principal city of the Babylonian empire

Babylon

Who burn capital? During what period?

Barbarians, Spring and Autumn period

Monotheism

Belief in a single god.

Polytheism

Belief in or worship of more than one god.

Judaism

Belief in the Jewish faith. Holy doctrine was Torah (Old Testament). Refused to join roman cults & sometimes refused to pay taxes.

2nd Confucian principle

Benevolence, humanity

St. Augustine

Bishop of Hippo; went to Italy and converted to Christianity

What was the earliest collection of chinese poetry?

Book of songs

Principal building material in Sumer

Brick

This mixture of copper and tin gave it's name to an Age

Bronze

Duke the Zhou

Brother of King Wu, successful leader and military strategist

Four Noble Truths

Buddhist doctrine about suffering 1. There will always be suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. The only way you can get rid of suffering is to get rid of desire 4. Living by the Eightfold Path will end suffering

Alexander's invasion of the Achaemenid empire met with great success because A) his army outnumbered the Persian army. B) he proclaimed himself the heir to the Achaemenid rulers. C) his army was well disciplined, was well armed, and used sophisticated tactics. D) he was popular with the people of the empire. E) All these answers are correct.

C) his army was well disciplined, was well armed, and used sophisticated tactics.

How democratic was the Athenian democracy? Choose the best description. A) Citizenship was open to all residents. B) Slavery was abolished through Solon's reform. C) All male citizens were qualified to join the city councils. D) Men and women could hold political office. E) None of these answers is correct

C) All male citizens were qualified to join the city councils

Which of the following was an Athenian political leader? A) Sophocles B) Sappho C) Pericles D) Homer E) Darius

C) Pericles

The freedom and independence of the Greek poleis finally fell under A) Xerxes, by 480 B.C.E. B) Pericles, by 429 B.C.E. C) Philip II, by 338 B.C.E. D) Alexander, by 336 B.C.E. E) Plato, by 400 B.C.E.

C) Philip II, by 338 B.C.E.

Which of the following was NOT conveyed by the author of the Indika? A) Indian ants were as big as foxes and could mine gold from the earth. B) Large Indian armies used elephants as war animals. C) The Indians were suffering from poverty and all kinds of miseries. D) The capital of Pataliputra had 570 towers. E) There were two prominent belief systems that were exempt from taxes.

C) The Indians were suffering from poverty and all kinds of miseries

With regard to epidemic diseases on the silk roads, which of the following is NOT true? A) The most devastating diseases were smallpox, measles, and bubonic plague. B) The diseases seriously weakened the Han and Roman empires. C) The diseases caused the greatest population loss in India. D) The largest outbreaks occurred in the second and third centuries C.E. E) A Roman emperor died during one of the epidemics.

C) The diseases caused the greatest population loss in India.

What happened to the silk roads after the decline of the Han and Roman empires? A) They no longer carried epidemic diseases. B) Activity actually increased along the silk roads. C) There was less activity, but trade revived along the routes in the sixth century C.E. D) The routes were changed to cross easier terrain. E) None of these answers is correct.

C) There was less activity, but trade revived along the routes in the sixth century C.E.

Which of the following does NOT describe Roman slaves? A) They were often chained together to work on latifundia. B) In cities, they were often freed when they reached thirty years of age. C) They had the right to elect their own tribunes. D) Female slaves usually worked as domestic servants. E) Some slaves were highly educated.

C) They had the right to elect their own tribunes.

Which of the following was NOT a Zoroastrian teaching? A) the cosmic conflict between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu B) the idea that individual souls would undergo future judgment C) ascetic renunciation of the world in favor of a future heavenly existence D) the idea that the forces of good would ultimately prevail E) a belief in six lesser deities

C) ascetic renunciation of the world in favor of a future heavenly existence

By the third century C.E., Christian communities in Mesopotamia and Iran deeply influenced Christian practices in the Roman empire through their A) Nestorian beliefs. B) Confucian traditions. C) ascetic values. D) philosophy reflected by St. Augustine. E) All these answers are correct.

C) ascetic values.

Liu Bang A) was the last of the Qin emperors. B) was a brilliant and charismatic leader who relied on no one. C) constructed the most highly decentralized state in China's history up to that point. D) was captured and killed by nomadic Xiongnu warriors. E) None of these answers is correct.

C) constructed the most highly decentralized state in China's history up to that point.

Ashoka, the great emperor of the Mauryan empire, A) was the only emperor to extend India beyond the subcontinent. B) wrote a handbook on the principles of government C) converted to Buddhism after his bloody war against Kalinga. D) abdicated his throne and led a life so ascetic that he starved himself to death. E) None of these answers is correct

C) converted to Buddhism after his bloody war against Kalinga.

In 99 B.C.E. the great historian of China, Sima Qian, suffered from castration because A) he was blamed for distorting history. B) he inflicted this pain on himself in order to be a eunuch. C) his view contradicted the emperor's judgment. D) he was a Legalist. E) None of these answers is correct.

C) his view contradicted the emperor's judgment.

The Greek peninsula was A) known for its fertile valleys and copious rainfall. B) especially good for travel and communication. C) ideal for cultivating olives and grapes. D) the homeland of Alexander. E) All these answers are correct

C) ideal for cultivating olives and grapes.

The White Huns occupied Bactria and prepared to cross the Hindu Kush into India during the fourth and fifth centuries. Their invasions A) were a mere annoyance to the strong Gupta military. B) galvanized local kingdoms to unify themselves for self-defense. C) initially met fierce resistance from the Gupta empire. D) introduced Buddhism to India. E) None of these answers is correct

C) initially met fierce resistance from the Gupta empire

In contrast to Persia and China, classical India A) was isolated from the outside world by formidable geographical barriers. B) did not have well-developed religions. C) lacked a strong and continuing imperial tradition. D) was a backward country in terms of economy and culture. E) All these answers are correct.

C) lacked a strong and continuing imperial tradition.

After 100 C.E. most Chinese writing was on A) bamboo strips. B) silk. C) paper. D) papyrus. E) parchment.

C) paper

The society of the Etruscans was ruled by A) city-states. B) a republican government. C) powerful kings. D) two consuls. E) tribunes.

C) powerful kings

The invading Huns contributed to the fall of the western Roman empire by A) deposing the last emperor of the western Roman empire. B) sacking the city of Rome in 410 C.E. C) pressing the Germanic peoples into the western Roman empire. D) completely disrupting trade along the silk roads. E) attacking Constantinople

C) pressing the Germanic peoples into the western Roman empire.

The most respected and influential of the Hellenistic philosophers were A) the Aristotelians. B) the Epicureans. C) the Stoics. D) the Platonists. E) the Skeptics.

C) the Stoics.

The Jewish people could not get along well with a number of imperial regimes because A) they declined to pay taxes. B) they did not respect any secular authorities. C) they had difficulty recognizing emperors as divine. D) they were converting to Mithraism. E) All these answers are correct.

C) they had difficulty recognizing emperors as divine.

The construction of numerous underground canals (known as qanat) was undertaken because A) a scarcity of land meant that there was no room for normal irrigation techniques. B) there was an overabundance of slave labor that needed to be utilized. C) water was scarce, and underground canals could keep water from evaporating. D) it was the least labor-intensive way to irrigate. E) there was no agriculture surplus in the empire.

C) water was scarce, and underground canals could keep water from evaporating.

The monsoon winds in the Indian Ocean A) created tremendous difficulty for traders. B) blow regularly from the north in the summer. C) were actually first discovered by the Romans. D) tied southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and east Africa together in a maritime trade route. E) All these answers are correct.

C) were actually first discovered by the Romans

A society is almost certainly a civilization if A) it has some political structure B) it has cities C) it is agricultural D) it gathers food to survive E) it involves tool use

Chinese views of nature emphasized A) that nature was uncontrollable B) deities that punished sinful people C) harmony and balance D) that the key to understanding lay through scientific experiments E) a powerful, all-seeing God

Which of the following does NOT help explain why India was more often invaded than China? A) political tradition B) geographical position C) hostility to warfare D) regional diversities E) lack of a military culture

Which river-valley civilization was most completely destroyed by invasion? A) Mekong B) Hwanghe C) Indus D) Nile E) Tigris-Euphrates

Devices developed to reckon and mark time

Calendars

Son of the first Persian ruler; conquered Egypt

Cambyses

Han math/science

Came up with various advancements including the invention of the compass

Persepolis

Capital of Persian Empire A lot like DC Served as monument

City of Rome

Capital of the Roman Empire. Very lavish with a lot of wealth. Lots of construction (concrete, aqueducts, etc.)

Punic Wars

Carthage vs. Rome

Hannibal

Carthage's greatest general

Buried dead and filled in dirt over houses, taveled by roof top, protected from floods, could see enemies from afar.

Catalhuyuk in Turkey

Describe the environment of Egypt

Cataracts, deserts,and waterfalls protected the city from invasion. The Nile was predictable in flooding patterns. Afterlife was thought to be achieved by high class and people with good moral lives. Women had more oppurtunities. 3 kingdoms, old, middle,

People who captured Ninevah and rebuilt Babylon

Chaldeans

Yellow River

China's Sorrow

Confucius

China's first private thinker

Shi

Chinese learned bureaucrats that where the basis of the dynasty's power.

Cyrus

Created Persian/Achaemenid Empire

Pythagoras

Created Pythagorean theorem in Greece

Pythagorean Theorem

Created by Ionian Greeks

Manichaeism

Created by prophet Mani. Religion that was a blend of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Buddhist values. Cosmic struggle with light and darkness.

Confucius

Created set of values (ideology) that still exists today Chinese who addressed political and social order problems

Earliest known writing?

Cuneiform

Sumerians wedge-shaped writing

Cuneiform

First ruler of the Persian Empire

Cyrus

Confucius never composed formal writings, but his disciples collected his remarks into a work called the A) Daodejing. B) Book of Songs. C) Book of History. D) Analects. E) Book of Rites.

D) Analects.

In preparing government officials, the imperial university of the Later Han enrolled more than three thousand students, with its curriculum primarily based on A) the statecraft policies of Legalism. B) political science and the study of law. C) Daoism. D) Confucianism. E) None of these answers is correct

D) Confucianism.

Which of the following religions did NOT attract large numbers of converts in the Persian empires? A) Buddhism B) Christianity C) Manichaeism D) Hinduism E) Zoroastrianism

D) Hinduism

The Medes and the Persians were A) Sumerians who migrated from Mesopotamia to Persia. B) Babylonians who migrated from Mesopotamia to Persia. C) Indo-Europeans who migrated from Anatolia to Iran. D) Indo-Europeans who migrated from central Asia to Persia. E) None of these answers is correct.

D) Indo-Europeans who migrated from central Asia to Persia.

Which of the following was NOT a consequence of Greek colonization? A) It quickened the social development of the peoples living in the western Mediterranean and Black Sea regions. B) It led to direct conflict between the Greeks and the Persians. C) It made Greeks weak and isolated from one another. D) It disrupted trade and commerce. E) It led to a gradual decline in the economy of the Peloponnese.

D) It disrupted trade and commerce.

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to Alexandria of Egypt? A) It had one of the largest libraries in the ancient world. B) It was the commercial center of the Mediterranean. C) It was the cultural capital of the Hellenistic world. D) It was originally a colony of Athens. E) It was the administrative center of the Ptolemaic empire.

D) It was originally a colony of Athens.

According to the ancient legends, the kingdom of Rome was established in 753 B.C.E. by A) Remus. B) a she-wolf. C) Aeneas. D) Romulus. E) None of these answers is correct.

D) Romulus.

During the Punic Wars, the Romans came into bloody conflict with the Carthaginians when the Romans expanded to A) Britain. B) Greece. C) Egypt. D) Sicily. E) Carthage.

D) Sicily.

Who wrote about the corruption of the early Roman empire? A) Juvenal B) Cicero C) Livy D) Tacitus E) None of these answers is correct.

D) Tacitus

The Parthian empire was toppled by A) the Roman army. B) the Islamic army. C) the Sassanid army. D) a revolt from within the empire. E) None of these answers is correct.

D) a revolt from within the empire.

To make a strong and powerful state, Legalist ministers A) encouraged commerce, entrepreneurial activity, and education. B) won the people's support by providing them with legal rights. C) sought to rule according to principle of benevolence. D) encouraged agricultural cultivation and military service. E) All these answers are correct.

D) encouraged agricultural cultivation and military service.

An individual who practiced the Daoist virtue of wuwei would A) motivate himself or herself to change the world. B) follow high ethical standards and strive for success. C) try to govern the state according to benevolent paternalism. D) go with the flow of the cosmos and live in harmony with nature. E) All these answers are correct.

D) go with the flow of the cosmos and live in harmony with nature.

Buddhism gradually lost its popularity in India because A) it did not promise to make life easy for its adherents. B) brahmins, the dominant class of classical India, no longer tolerated Buddhism. C) Buddhist monasteries were abolished in India by royal decree. D) it grew increasingly remote from the population at large. E) All these answers are correct

D) it grew increasingly remote from the population at large

St. Cyprian's view of the epidemic of 251 C.E. was that A) it would cause the downfall of the Roman empire. B) Christians would be protected from the ravages of the disease. C) the Jews were responsible for bringing the disease. D) it was a welcome event for servants of God. E) None of these answers is correct.

D) it was a welcome event for servants of God.

The Essenes A) were an early Christian sect. B) were a sect of Mithraism. C) is another term for the Dead Sea scrolls. D) looked for their own savior. E) None of these answers is correct

D) looked for their own savior.

Your textbook states that "economic development and social change in classical India had profound implications for the established cultural as well as the social order." By this the authors mean that A) social distinctions based on castes and jati were practically out of date. B) asceticism became unnecessary when more and more people became wealthy. C) Aryan rituals and beliefs became more popular. D) new religions emerged to meet the needs of changing times. E) None of these answers is correct.

D) new religions emerged to meet the needs of changing times.

The religious goal of early Buddhism was A) "Turning of the Wheel of the Law." B) the Four Noble Truths. C) the Noble Eightfold Path. D) nirvana. E) reincarnation.

D) nirvana.

Which of the following were NOT attractions of the city of Rome? A) public baths, swimming pools, and gymnasia B) the Pantheon's dome C) statues, monumental arches, temples, and aqueducts D) public beaches on the Mediterranean E) chariot races in the Circus Maximus

D) public beaches on the Mediterranean

By junzi, or "superior individuals," Confucius meant A) wealthy men of the ruling elite. B) strong and brave warriors. C) individuals who withdraw from society and live in harmony with nature. D) superior individuals with a broad view of public affairs. E) writers of important philosophical tracts.

D) superior individuals with a broad view of public affairs.

Which of the following was NOT one of Plato's ideas? A) the belief that our display of virtue or other qualities in the world was merely an imperfect reflection of the true reality B) the belief that there was another world of ideal qualities called Forms C) the belief that the ideal state was one ruled by a philosophical elite D) the belief that only democracy could make the philosopher-king possible E) the belief that the ideal state would allow people to work at jobs where their talents lie

D) the belief that only democracy could make the philosopher-king possible

Which of the following may have been the most popular religion in the Roman empire prior to Christianity? A) Islam B) the cult of Cybele C) Stoicism D) the cult of Isis E) Judaism

D) the cult of Isis

The invasions of Darius and Alexander played an important role in Indian politics and history because A) the conquests brought India, Persia, and Mesopotamia together as one country. B) foreign religions began to take root in Indian society. C) the Greeks dominated Indian history for centuries. D) the intrusions destroyed many petty kingdoms and created a political vacuum. E) All these answers are correct.

D) the intrusions destroyed many petty kingdoms and created a political vacuum.

The remarkable growth of early Christianity reflected the new faith's appeal, particularly to A) Roman emperors. B) high-ranking officials and the wealthy elite. C) Roman soldiers and military officers. D) the lower classes, urban populations, and women. E) All these answers are correct.

D) the lower classes, urban populations, and women.

Confucian and Hindu values both A) tried to outlaw war B) resulted in the building of magnificent temples C) focused attention on the afterlife D) helped justify and preserve social inequality E) urged the importance of political activity

One difference b/w classical civilizations and river-valley civilizations was that in classical civilizations A) religious beliefs were widely held B) most people farmed the land C) trade was introduced D) political organizations were more elaborate E) writing was developed

Sumerian civilization produced the first A)monotheistic religion B) examples of warfare among people C) coined money D) written law code E) mass literacy

The Indian caste system served to an extent as a political institution by A) creating widespread interest in constitutional issues B) promoting a belief in individual rights C) unifying the subcontinent under a single gov't D) enforcing rules about social behavior E) causing unrest and rebellion

The development of writing A) resulted from new technologies, notably the invention of paper B) was unusual in an agricultural society C) helps explain why agriculture could develop D) helps explains why gov'ts could become more formal and bureaucratic E) resulted from the needs of the various river-valley civilizations to communicate with one another

Which of the following does NOT describe important features of Indian art? A) linked to religious beliefs B) showed human figures C) influenced by styles from the other cultures D) opposed to the use of animal figures E) lively color

Which of the following was a Confucian belief? A) Change is the goal of a sensible state B) People should be actively involved in gov't C) merchants must be valued for their money-making skills D) a good society had a firm hierarchy E) Gov'ts must not interfere with individual rights

Yin-Yang

Daoist concept of balance in the universe

Ruler of the Persian empire at its peak

Darius

What were the factors that lead to the Persian War? How did it end?

Darius invaded Greece as retaliation to Athens assisting Ionian Greeks

standardized coins

Darius' attempt to foster trade by making coins throughout the empire the same

Womens' social status ______ when civilizations are settled.

Decreases.Womens roles in high status food-production became more limited.

Wide, fertile river mouth

Delta

What technology came with Empires through 600 ce?

Farming tools:ploughs, hoes, rakes and the wheel. Pottery to store food. Bone and stone tools. The wheel includes carts and (wheeled charriots 1500 BCE) Chariots brought war fare. Mountains in Mediterranean limited the use of chariots and horses.

Assyrian Agriculture

Differed from Mesopotamian agriculture further south in that Assyrian farms received sufficient moisture from rainfall and did not require large irrigation efforts.

Devices used for floor control

Dikes

3rd step to escape the "social, political and cultural traps of lie"

Discover nature and "rythm" of the universe

Satraps

Districts in Persia Leaders were agents to central administration Had tax collectors & military officers to make sure satraps didn't rebel

New system in which certain people specialized in specific types of work

Division of Labor

The taming and changing of nature for the benefit of human kind

Domestication

Gupta Empire

Dynasty in China. Conquered by making alliances (let people rule themselves as long as taxes were paid)

In classical Persia, slaves A) often came from the ranks of the free who went into debt. B) could not marry other slaves at will. C) were often prisoners of war or people who had rebelled against imperial authorities. D) provided much of the manual labor on construction projects. E) All these answers are correct

E) All these answers are correct

The Kushan empire A) originated from nomadic conquerors from central Asia. B) pacified large areas of present-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and north India. C) peaked under the rule of Kanishka. D) played a crucial role in the silk roads trading network. E) All these answers are correct

E) All these answers are correct

Which of the following is true with respect to marriage in classical India? A) Child marriage was common. B) Inter-caste marriage was forbidden by law. C) An ideal wife was weak-willed, faithful, and loyal to her husband. D) Sita was the model of the ideal wife. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct

Which of the following might you have witnessed in classical Greece? A) a woman accusing her husband of abandoning her newborn baby, but the court rejecting her petition B) a woman managing the family shop by herself after her husband's death C) even the homosexual men of the community condemning a woman after her homosexuality was exposed D) a Spartan woman taking up arms to defend the polis E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct

By Roman law, A) a defendant was assumed innocent until proven guilty. B) defendants had a right to challenge their accusers before a judge. C) the judge enjoyed great discretion in applying laws. D) judges could set aside laws. E) All these answers are correct.