AP World History: Modern Practice Exam II

The passage can best be understood in the context of the Bolshevik Revolution. the containment policy. the Great Leap Forward. the Chinese Civil War.

Not the Great Leap Forward.

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by both images? Access to raw materials was integral to producing and transporting goods for international trade. Access to railways was integral to producing and transporting goods for international trade. Access to seaports was integral to producing and transporting goods for international trade. Access to waterways was integral to producing and transporting goods for international trade.

Access to waterways was integral to producing and transporting goods for international trade.

Which of the following best explains how conditions in Europe contributed to tensions in the years between the creation of the two passages? Ignacy Mościcki was elected president of Poland on promises of establishing agricultural cooperatives to improve yields and increase exports in direct competition with Germany. Édouard Daladier was elected premier of France on promises to reduce unemployment and revitalize industry in France, threatening German manufacturing. Winston Churchill was elected prime minister in Britain on promises to help grow the British economy, even at the cost of neighboring European economies. Adolf Hitler was elected in Germany on promises to free Germany from the Great Depression and enact new policies to help Germany flourish and regain a place of power and prestige in Europe.

Adolf Hitler was elected in Germany on promises to free Germany from the Great Depression and enact new policies to help Germany flourish and regain a place of power and prestige in Europe.

Based on the image, it can best be concluded that the fragmented Islamic states dominated after the fall of the Abbasid caliphate because the Moors valued expansion and literacy. the Songhai valued commerce and education. the Mughals valued compliance and tradition. the Turkic peoples valued innovation and ingenuity.

Not the Mughals valued compliance and tradition.

Based on the passage, which of the following was most likely a consequence of Hungarian independence? Hungarian citizens living in Hungary migrated to Germany. Austrian citizens living in Hungary migrated to Germany. Hungarian citizens living in Hungary migrated to Austria. Austrian citizens living in Hungary migrated to Austria.

Austrian citizens living in Hungary migrated to Austria.

How did the Nazi regime make Poland integral to the goals of the Final Solution? By creating a staging ground there, from which to launch a surprise attack on the Soviet Union By conducting research and development there for the overall war effort By using Poland's rich natural resources to make chemical weapons against enemy troops By building ghettos, transportation systems, and death camps there during the occupation

By building ghettos, transportation systems, and death camps there during the occupation

Which of the following consequences of European exploration and colonization is best supported by the passage? European missionaries sought to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity when settling new lands. European colonizers only settled in territory already peopled by practicing Christians. European traders disregarded religion as immaterial to commerce and traded openly with all cultures. European explorers were largely agnostic and warned indigenous peoples against Christian settlers.

European missionaries sought to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity when settling new lands.

Which of the following best represents a cultural impact of globalization? Increased access to medical facilities has eradicated social stigma surrounding disabilities and communicable diseases. Increased access to information from around the world provides educational opportunities for children who may otherwise lack educational resources. Access to information about global religions has reduced global migration as the impact of religious persecution has declined. Greater access to financial institutions has enabled communities in poverty to start businesses and elevate their social standing.

Increased access to information from around the world provides educational opportunities for children who may otherwise lack educational resources.

Which of the following best explains the decline of Mediterranean states dependent on port trade starting in the 1200s? France, Britain, and Spain concentrated trade on their new colonies in the New World, reducing Mediterranean trade. Overregulation of Mediterranean ports stifled growth, leading to long-term economic and political collapse in Italy, Egypt, and Spain. Tensions over trade between Spain, Portugal, and Britain resulted in long-term naval warfare, reducing Mediterranean trade and destroying infrastructure. The spread of the bubonic plague closed Alexandria, Constantinople, and Rome to outside trade and reduced their economic and political influence.

France, Britain, and Spain concentrated trade on their new colonies in the New World, reducing Mediterranean trade.

According to Equiano, what was one difference between slavery in the Western Hemisphere and slavery in Africa? In Africa, enslaved people's duties were similar to those of other community members. In Africa, enslaved people did substantially more-dangerous work than freeborn community members. In Africa, enslaved people owned their own property and participated in community government. In Africa, enslaved people were often heads of households and made decisions for their administration.

In Africa, enslaved people's duties were similar to those of other community members.

Which consequence of increased trade by sea in the 13th century is best supported by the passage? Increased shipping resulted in more free ports across the Mediterranean, which decreased tensions between shipping companies and increased the wealth of poor countries. Increased shipping resulted in more fortified ports to prevent clandestine shipping and to enforce regulation, which decreased tensions between countries engaging in trade. Increased shipping resulted in increased smuggling and the operation of unregulated ports, which increased tensions between shipping companies. Increased shipping resulted in increased conflict over rights to ports and cargo, which increased tensions between countries engaging in trade.

Increased shipping resulted in increased conflict over rights to ports and cargo, which increased tensions between countries engaging in trade.

How did the Allies' victory in World War II contribute to the United States and the Soviet Union becoming opposing superpowers? It established sanctions on the Soviet Union for its prior participation in a nonaggression pact with Nazi Germany. It facilitated the cooperation of the United States and the Soviet Union to develop the atomic bomb, helping to end the war. It contributed to their economic, technological, and political gains, and developed their respective spheres of influence. It placed sanctions on the United States for its use of a weapon of mass destruction on populated areas of Japan.

It contributed to their economic, technological, and political gains, and developed their respective spheres of influence.

The use of which of the following innovations in weaponry necessitated the strategy depicted in the image? Mustard and chlorine gas Machine guns Tanks Airplanes

Machine guns

Which of the following best explains why Russia transitioned from the economic principles described in Passage 1 to the principles described in Passage 2 during the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917? An ongoing civil war between landowners in different regions of the country resulted in destroyed infrastructure and economic failure. Years of poor agricultural conditions due to drought and low prices for wheat and corn resulted in poverty conditions for farmers and an economic recession. The exploitation of workers during the Industrial Revolution led to low wages and poor working conditions, and resulted in a greater wealth gap. The outbreak of World War I in Europe and conflict between previously allied nations resulted in poor postwar trade relationships.

Not An ongoing civil war between landowners in different regions of the country resulted in destroyed infrastructure and economic failure.

Which of the following foreign policies most likely led to the response offered in the passage? The Monroe Doctrine Manifest Destiny The Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan

Not The Marshall Plan

Which of the following conclusions about the Industrial Revolution in Europe is best supported by Image 1 and your knowledge of world history? Citizens supported industrialization despite its negative effects because they had few other options for earning an income. Citizens dissented against the negative effects of industrialization but had few options against wealthy industrialists. Citizens supported industrialization because of propaganda campaigns funded by wealthy industrialists rebuffing regulation. Citizens dissented against the negative effects of industrialization, so governments readily responded with increased regulation.

Not Citizens dissented against the negative effects of industrialization, so governments readily responded with increased regulation.

Which of the following best justifies Vasco da Gama's explorations in the late 1400s? Enlightened nations in Europe sought trading partners who shared scientific innovations. Socialist nations in Europe sought trading partners who had abundant natural resources. Capitalist nations in Europe sought trading partners who shared their political ideologies. Mercantilist nations in Europe sought trading partners who shared their religious values.

Not Enlightened nations in Europe sought trading partners who shared scientific innovations.

According to Equiano, the conditions of which of the following groups most differed from those of enslaved people in the West Indies? Enslaved Africans on transatlantic ships Enslaved Africans in Africa Enslaved Africans in the Americas Enslaved Africans in Europe

Not Enslaved Africans in the Americas

Which of the following best reflects the process by which Hungary established its independence from Austria in 1849? Hungary declared independence from Austria and fought a revolutionary war to establish an independent state. Hungary declared independence from Austria and established a lawmaking body to create its own constitutional government. Hungary declared independence from Austria and joined a confederacy with Germany as a semiautonomous protectorate. Hungary declared independence from Austria and initiated a military coup to establish control over the Austrian Empire.

Not Hungary declared independence from Austria and fought a revolutionary war to establish an independent state.

Based on the passages, which of the following best reflects the views of individuals' role in the economy under capitalism and socialism? In socialism, individuals choose to sell labor as a commodity of production; in capitalism, individuals contribute labor to production and are social and political contributors. In capitalism, individuals are obligated to participate in politics, but may choose to sell their labor to industry at the expense of a social life; in socialism, individuals establish a social life to expand families. In socialism, individuals are obligated to participate in politics, but may choose to sell their labor to industry at the expense of a social life; in capitalism, individuals establish a social life to expand families. In capitalism, individuals choose to sell labor as a commodity of production; in socialism, individuals contribute labor to production and are also social and political contributors.

Not In socialism, individuals are obligated to participate in politics, but may choose to sell their labor to industry at the expense of a social life; in capitalism, individuals establish a social life to expand families.

Which of the following best reflects a consequence of the global economy on the environment? Specialized agriculture and faster shipping allow food to be grown more cheaply and transported greater distances, increasing carbon emissions associated with food production. The use of telephones and computers for communication instead of paper has made an appreciable impact on lumber consumption, allowing for the replenishment of some forests. Innovations in food production have allowed more crops to be grown with less water, appreciably decreasing freshwater consumption and allowing for the replenishment of some aquifers. Decreased use of plastics in product packaging has resulted in less inorganic solid waste, reducing landfill use and waterway pollution.

Not Innovations in food production have allowed more crops to be grown with less water, appreciably decreasing freshwater consumption and allowing for the replenishment of some aquifers.

Which of the following conclusions about China's economy under the Ming dynasty is best supported by Image 1? Innovations in travel and communication contributed to the expansion of vast trade networks and to the wealth of Ming China. Innovations in travel and communication contributed to increasing vulnerability to European economies with greater production and stronger infrastructure. Innovations in navigation and shipping contributed to the expansion of vast trade networks and the wealth of Ming China. Innovations in navigation and shipping contributed to increasing vulnerability to Indian and African economies with greater production and stronger infrastructure.

Not Innovations in travel and communication contributed to the expansion of vast trade networks and to the wealth of Ming China.

Which of the following best reflects a cultural consequence of the regular intercontinental trade described in the passage? Language diffusion; development of a trade language in busy ports for improved communication in trade Currency diffusion; development of a single currency to use in trade at all Mediterranean ports Religious diffusion; exposure to different religious principles and potential conversion to a different religion Political diffusion; sharing of political ideas and exposure to principles of democracy and free speech

Not Language diffusion; development of a trade language in busy ports for improved communication in trade

Based on the passage, which of the following best represents opposition to principles of Chinese communism? Imperialism and fascism Militarism and nationalism Morality and enlightenment Culture and intelligence

Not Militarism and nationalism

Which of the following best explains why Nazi Germany took aggressive action in Europe in the 1930s, despite the agreement made in Passage 1? Nations like Czechoslovakia that were opposed to Germany's actions were too militarily weak to oppose Chancellor Hitler's growing forces, choosing to bide their time to convince allies to join their causes. In the name of diplomacy, European nations allowed Germany's allies, Japan and Italy, to confront Chancellor Hitler about his violation of the Kellogg-Briand Pact. Europe appeased Germany, taking Chancellor Hitler at his word that his annexations of territories like the Rhineland and Czechoslovakia were peaceful reacquisitions of traditionally German land. Stronger nations like Britain and France knew of Chancellor Hitler's weapons programs, and feared retaliation should they oppose Germany's unarmed attempts to win territory.

Not Nations like Czechoslovakia that were opposed to Germany's actions were too militarily weak to oppose Chancellor Hitler's growing forces, choosing to bide their time to convince allies to join their causes.

Which of the following best describes the development and evolution of the caste system in India? The caste system predates the Mughal Empire in India, but the Mughals' Islamic influence and the separation of people by religion contributed to the significance of hierarchy in Indian government and culture. The Mughal Empire introduced the caste system in India, separating people based first on religious belief, then on family profession; the caste system grew in importance, even after the end of Mughal reign in India. The Mughal Empire ended the caste system in India, deeming it contrary to Islam and outlawing its practice; it persisted in rural pockets of Hindu culture until resurging with the end of Mughal reign and growing in popularity. The Mughal Empire refined the caste system in India, assigning legal definitions to social strata and identifying groups based on religious, ethnic, and professional categorizations that persisted until British colonization.

Not The Mughal Empire refined the caste system in India, assigning legal definitions to social strata and identifying groups based on religious, ethnic, and professional categorizations that persisted until British colonization.

Which conclusion about the role of the Niger River can best be drawn based on the map and your knowledge of world history? The Niger River served as a natural barrier to prevent invasion from hostile communities to the south that resisted conquest by the Sunni dynasty. The Niger River facilitated trade by connecting the Songhai Empire to the Mediterranean Sea and European trade routes. The Niger River fed reservoirs built by Mansa Musa, indebting citizens to his civic works in dry seasons when the reservoirs kept the cities supplied with water. The Niger River helped consolidate the Songhai Empire by connecting major cities for trade, communication, and transportation.

Not The Niger River facilitated trade by connecting the Songhai Empire to the Mediterranean Sea and European trade routes.

The outcome of the Siege of Belgrade in 1456, as depicted in the image, can best be explained by which of the following? The attackers lacked the morale and supplies to sustain a lengthy siege. The fortifications built to protect Belgrade held against the attack. Belgrade fell due to a lack of reinforcements from neighboring countries. The Ottoman attackers took the city due to their overwhelming numbers.

Not The Ottoman attackers took the city due to their overwhelming numbers.

Which of the following best compares the efforts of the United States and the Soviet Union to expand and maintain their respective spheres of influence? The United States established NATO, and the Soviet Union established the Warsaw Pact. The United States established the League of Nations, and the Soviet Union established the Iron Curtain. The United States established the United Nations, and the Soviet Union established the Eastern bloc. The United States established the Truman Doctrine, and the Soviet Union established the containment policy.

Not The United States established the League of Nations, and the Soviet Union established the Iron Curtain.

Which of the following examples best represents economic globalization as described in the passage? The personal international travels of a Chinese executive The multistate operations of a regional fast-food restaurant in the United States The multinational operations of a retail chain based in Great Britain The research operations of the World Health Organization

Not The personal international travels of a Chinese executive

Which of the following Enlightenment principles that laid the foundation for the American Revolution is best reflected in the passage? A government's power to rule is derived from the consent of the governed. The purpose of government is to protect life, liberty, and property. When a government becomes oppressive, people must vote to change its practices. All people have natural rights just by virtue of existing as human beings.

Not The purpose of government is to protect life, liberty, and property.

Which of the following best explains the role of the rajahs in India under Mughal rule? The rajahs had little actual power, and their infighting facilitated Mughal rule by weakening the local legal structure and law enforcement. The rajahs were wealthy and could pay the tribute owed to the Mughal Empire when the local peasantry could not, ensuring the protection of the community. The rajahs could listen to the dissent of local citizens and resolve local problems without the interference of Mughal officials. The rajahs could provide local law enforcement and defense on behalf of the Mughal government, whose direct involvement was not immediately practical.

Not The rajahs were wealthy and could pay the tribute owed to the Mughal Empire when the local peasantry could not, ensuring the protection of the community.

Which of the following strategies of warfare was common to both World War I and World War II? The use of radar to detect enemy submarines and aircraft The use of nuclear weapons on populated cities The use of chemical weapons on infantry The use of tanks for heavy attacks and psychological impact

Not The use of radar to detect enemy submarines and aircraft

Based on the passage, it can best be concluded that the Mughal Empire affirmed a policy of religious tolerance to win the support of local populations. maintained power in distant lands by fostering infighting among local leaders. appointed leaders who were unfamiliar with local cultures and customs. lacked local resources to respond to uprisings or invading forces.

Not affirmed a policy of religious tolerance to win the support of local populations.

Based on the passage, it may be best concluded that, by the late 1800s, world powers' practice of imperialism had increased worldwide. shifted to new geographical regions. declined worldwide. been outlawed by world governing bodies.

Not declined worldwide.

Based on the passage, it may best be concluded that imperialism in the 18th and 19th centuries had been growing, except for a few nations that declared independence after hard-won conflicts. had reached a tipping point, where expansion led to revolution and rebellion against existing governments. had remained largely level, with traditional mercantile measures of national strength holding. had been collapsing, with socialist principles fueling economic and political revolutions worldwide.

Not had been collapsing, with socialist principles fueling economic and political revolutions worldwide.

Based on the image, a historian would best conclude that Sultan Süleyman I's invasion of Hungary reflected the Ottoman goal to secularize the Holy Roman Empire. spread Christianity to the Moors in Hungary. reclaim holy lands captured during the Crusades. expand under the principles of Dar-al-Islam.

Not reclaim holy lands captured during the Crusades.

Which of the following conclusions about the Aztec government is best supported by Image 2? Officials from subject territories collected taxes and sent gold earned annually to Tenochtitlán in accordance with the laws of the Triple Alliance. Officials from subject territories submitted a percentage of goods produced regionally to Tenochtitlán in accordance with the laws of the Triple Alliance. Officials from subject territories chose a number of men to send to Tenochtitlán annually in accordance with the laws of the Triple Alliance. Officials from subject territories hosted inspectors from Tenochtitlán annually to take goods and gold in accordance with the laws of the Triple Alliance.

Officials from subject territories submitted a percentage of goods produced regionally to Tenochtitlán in accordance with the laws of the Triple Alliance.

Vasco da Gama's travel to India would have been most facilitated by which of the following innovations in navigation? The astrolabe Canvas sails The moveable rudder Iron cladding

The astrolabe

Which of the following best differentiates between the trade networks of the Ming and Aztec empires? The Aztec trade network was regional and land based, whereas the Ming trade network was intercontinental and land and sea based. The Aztec trade network was intercontinental and land and sea based, whereas the Ming trade network was intercontinental and land based. The Aztec trade network was intercontinental and land based, whereas the Ming trade network was regional and land based. The Aztec trade network was regional and sea based, whereas the Ming trade network was regional and land based.

The Aztec trade network was regional and land based, whereas the Ming trade network was intercontinental and land and sea based.

Which of the following documents associated with the start of the American Revolution is foreshadowed by the passage? The Articles of Confederation, which created a framework for a new constitutional government during the Revolutionary War The Declaration of Independence, which announced the reasons America was justified in creating a new government The Olive Branch Petition, which sought a peaceful resolution of differences between the colonies and Britain The US Constitution, which established a stronger national government after the failure of the Articles

The Declaration of Independence, which announced the reasons America was justified in creating a new government

Which of the following best represents a proxy for the ideological conflict described in the passages? The Korean War The Great Leap Forward The Angolan war for independence The Arab-Israeli conflict

The Korean War

Which of the following most likely precipitated the drafting of the agreement outlined in Passage 1? The Treaty of Versailles The United Nations The North Atlantic Treaty Organization The Warsaw Pact

The Treaty of Versailles

Which of the following best represents a social change in industrialized societies associated with the economic principles described in Passage 2? The development of labor unions The nationalization of railroads The enfranchisement of women Environmental-protection regulations

The development of labor unions

Which of the following innovations most reduced the need for factory construction along waterways? The electric light bulb The internal combustion engine The steam engine The automatic loom

The steam engine

While combatants engaged in World War I on the front, as depicted in the image, governments engaged in total war by intensifying nationalist values through propaganda. moving troops to adjacent battlefields to relieve the besieged. ordering airstrikes against strategic enemy targets. delivering chemical and biological agents to the enemy.

intensifying nationalist values through propaganda.

The image best supports the principles of Dar-al-Islam in that Muslim empires encouraged intellectual innovations and transfers of information. restricted education to wealthy merchants and religious leaders. suppressed scientific knowledge as being contrary to religious doctrine. advanced scientific innovation over religious values in everyday life.

encouraged intellectual innovations and transfers of information.

The Ming and Aztec empires both engaged in nautical exploration to expand their wealth and territory. engaged in expansion and enforced tributes on subject territories. developed vast trade networks that crossed land and oceans. developed strict laws for warfare to facilitate the rule of conquered peoples.

engaged in expansion and enforced tributes on subject territories.

Based on the image, it can best be concluded that the Ottoman Empire attacked Hungary to expand its territory into Europe. seek reparations for a past attack. unify with Hungary in a confederation. gain access to its ports for trade.

expand its territory into Europe.

This image best supports the conclusion that advancements in medical technology and research have no meaningful impact on life spans, as they must keep up with changes in illnesses and the environment. have contributed to longer life spans globally and enabled greater personal interaction. have stagnated due to low funding and limits on additional knowledge to be gained at current levels of technology. have limited benefits globally, providing benefits only to nations that can afford access.

have contributed to longer life spans globally and enabled greater personal interaction.

The region traveled by the traders referenced in the passage was most likely a trade network in the Mediterranean Sea, connecting southern Europe and northern Africa. across the Atlantic, connecting western Europe, western Africa, and the Caribbean. around Africa, connecting southern Europe with India and China. through the Mediterranean Sea, connecting southern Europe, northern Africa, and India.

in the Mediterranean Sea, connecting southern Europe and northern Africa.

Based on the map, the Songhai Empire most likely reached is greatest expansion by 1500 primarily through peaceful annexation. military conquest. trade agreements. political marriages.

military conquest.

The American and French Revolutions were inspired by the Enlightenment in that they both ensured access to political mechanisms regardless of noble birth. gender. race. land ownership.

noble birth.

The mill depicted in Image 2 was most likely built near a river to power the machinery of the millworks. enable easier dumping of waste. facilitate the washing of finished textiles for sale. allow the shipping of goods by barge.

power the machinery of the millworks.

The image best supports the conclusion that 20th-century scientific innovation contributed to rapid advances in technology, medicine, and human understanding of the natural world. strategies for warfare, medicine, and human understanding of destructive technologies. transportation, communication, and human understanding of information transmission. mathematics, computer processing, and human understanding of energy.

technology, medicine, and human understanding of the natural world.