AP World Unit 7

Which of the following types of evidence does Watson (Source 1) cite to support his claim that early German support for the war was not limited to the young? A. Muster rolls and letters B. Newspaper articles C. Propaganda ministry records D. The works of other historians of the war

A. Muster rolls and letters

Which of the following was the major long-term political effect of the Great Depression? A. Governments began to take a more active role in economic life. B. Labor unions in industrialized states dominated political life. C. Philanthropic organizations provided relief for disadvantaged children D. Governments created policies to restrict international trade.

A. Governments began to take a more active role in economic life.

Which of the following best supports the contention that the First World War was the first total war? A. Governments mobilized large segments of their populations and economies and targeted their opponents' military and economic capabilities. B. The militaries of all major powers used the most advanced weaponry available to them. C. All the major European powers were involved the war. D. Many of the countries on the victorious side of the war were weakened politically by conflict.

A. Governments mobilized large segments of their populations and economies and targeted their opponents' military and economic capabilities.

Banners at bottom read: "Long live the invincible party of Lenin!" "Long live the great guide of the international proletarian revolution, Comrade Stalin!" The ideology reflected in the poster was most directly the result of which of the following developments in the nineteenth century? A. Growing discontent with traditional forms of government led to the development of y new political ideas. B. Rebellions against imperial rule led to the formation of new independent states. C. Demands for an expanded suffrage including women and the working class challenged existing political hierarchies. D. Enlightenment philosophers and writers increasingly turned to empiricism and denounced the role of religion in political life.

A. Growing discontent with traditional forms of government led to the development of y new political ideas.

"Just yesterday, you sent me a telegram appealing to my friendship and called upon me to act as an intermediary and help resolve the conflict between you and the Austro-Hungarian government. But I understand that, even as you did that, your troops were being mobilized against Austria-Hungary. This makes my attempts at meditation almost pointless. Nonetheless, I continued in my efforts today. I now receive fresh news of even more serious Russian preparations for war on my Eastern frontier. Responsibility for the safety of my empire forces me to take defensive and preventive measures. In my endeavors to maintain the peace of the world, I have gone to the utmost limit possible. The responsibility for the disaster that is now threatening the civilized world will not be laid at my door. At this moment, you still have the power to avert war. Nobody is threatening the honor or power of Russia, and you can well afford to await the result of my mediation. My friendship for you and your empire, transmitted to me by my grandfather on his deathbed, has always been sacred to me and I have often supported Russia in the past when she was in serious trouble." Wilhelm II, emperor of Germany, telegram to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, July 31, 1914 Wilhelm Il's assurances in the second paragraph that "nobody is threatening the honor or power of Russia" and that the tsar can "well afford" to await the results of attempts to defuse the crisis best testify to the importance of which of the following factors in the outbreak of the First World War? A. Intense nationalism, fueled by mass media, often forced the hand of military and political leaders. B. Religious and cultural traditions emphasizing honor and chivalry often led monarchs to disregard the will of their people. C. Regional conflicts in Europe were typically resolved by the great powers, with little attention paid to the needs of smaller states. D. Because of the rise of pacifism, using force to resolve political disputes had come to be seen as immoral by most segments of European society.

A. Intense nationalism, fueled by mass media, often forced the hand of military and political leaders.

Source 1: "Wartime travel brought soldiers and carriers into contact with foreign ways of life, resulting in cultural exchange. . . . There is evidence also of Hausa [a West African people] 'experiments in architecture of grass and bamboo construction' while the troops were in East Africa, as well as enthusiasm for gathering souvenirs such as cowries and other East African shells 'with the intention of presenting necklaces and waist belts to their women folk.' . . . . Contact with European science and technology was another factor that contributed to change in Nigeria. Before the war, the men know only the casual, nature-oriented time-sense of the village; army life taught them a new concept of punctuality, compatible with reveille, parades, drills, and deadlines. Many Nigerians took their first ride on a train and saw their first car, aeroplane, and motion picture. Large numbers learned to shoot and care for modern weapons—not only rifles, but machine-guns and artillery. Also, soldiers learned basic hygiene, water sterilization, and other methods of disease control and health care. Thousands of Nigerians received their first vaccination and took their first pill during the war." James K. Matthews, United States military historian, "World War I and the Rise of African Nationalism," The Journal of Modern African Studies, 1982 Source 2: "African deaths in combat can be contrasted with those suffered by the French using a variety of standards. As a percentage of all the soldiers mobilized during the war, Senegalese losses were slightly less than those incurred by the French. The picture changes significantly, however, when only combatants are considered. Using this criterion, Senegalese losses were nearly 20 per cent higher than those sustained by their French counterparts. . . . African soldiers seldom served in the cavalry, artillery, engineering and aviation units, where casualties were substantially lower. . . . If only infantry fatalities are considered, . . . French and African losses between 1914 and 1918 were virtually identical: they amounted to slightly over 22 per cent in both cases. . . . This interpretation . . . neglects, however, to consider [that] . . . the Senegalese were not employed in significant numbers as combatants in Europe before July 1916. Prior to this time, African losses accounted for less than 10 per cent of their eventual wartime total, . . . it was precisely because of the staggering dimensions of French losses during the first 22 months of the war . . . that resistance to the massive recruitment of West Africans and their deployment on the Western Front was overcome. If the time factor is taken into consideration, a very different picture begins to emerge. It indicates that during the last two-and-a-half years of the war, Senegalese casualties in Europe were approximately twice as high as those suffered by French infantry combatants." Joe Lunn, military historian, "Les Races Guerrières': Racial Preconceptions in the French Military about West African Soldiers during the First World War," Journal of Contemporary History, 1999 Which of the following does the author of Source 1 cite as evidence of cultural exchange between East and West Africa during the First World War? A. Experiments in architecture and the gathering of souvenirs B. Learning parades and drill C. Learning the care and maintenance of modern weapons D. Spreading methods of disease control and health care

A. Experiments in architecture and the gathering of souvenirs

The economic development Stalin describes above was achieved primarily through which of the following? A. Government control of the national economy B. Foreign investment from Western Europe C. Extensive trade with the United States D. Creation of private companies by Russian entrepreneurs

A. Government control of the national economy

Which of the following best explains the similarity between Hutu views of the Tutsi in the "Hutu Ten Commandments" and the treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany? A. Both the Tutsi and Jews were accused of being in league with communists. B. Both the Tutsi and Jews were persecuted based on ethnic prejudice. C. Both the Tutsi and Jews were seen as responsible for defeats suffered during previous wars. D. Both the Tutsi and Jews were attacked as militant colonizers who had displaced native populations.

B. Both the Tutsi and Jews were persecuted based on ethnic prejudice.

Which of the following most directly led to the start of the First World War? A. European powers meeting in Berlin in 1884 and 1885 to divide Africa into colonies B. Nationalist competition among industrialized powers for resources C. Japanese imperialist expansion into Korea and China D. Political tensions between communist and capitalist states

B. Nationalist competition among industrialized powers for resources

Which of the following does the author of Source 1 NOT cite as evidence of European science and technology contributing to cultural change in Nigeria? A. New concepts of timekeeping B. Encounters with modern transportation technology C. Gift gathering for women back home D. Adoption of European hygiene concepts

C. Gift gathering for women back home

Which of the following was a common characteristic of the major revolutions that occurred in Russia, China, and Mexico in the early twentieth century? A. Nationalism and socialism helped shape all three revolutions. B. Foreign powers played an important role in each revolution's initial success. C. The upper class of each society led the movement that resulted in revolution. D. Each revolution failed after a short period of violent civil war.

A. Nationalism and socialism helped shape all three revolutions.

Which of the following true statements about the Netherlands best explains how the newspaper's national origin likely influenced the view of Germany expressed in the editorial? A. The Netherlands, by remaining neutral during the war, profited significantly from helping Germany evade the Entente's naval blockade. B. The Netherlands, like Germany before the war, had a significant overseas empire. C. The Netherlands, like Germany, had a large merchant fleet. D. The Netherlands, like Germany until 1918, was a constitutional monarchy, although the Dutch monarchs had less effective power than the German kaiser.

A. The Netherlands, by remaining neutral during the war, profited significantly from helping Germany evade the Entente's naval blockade.

"Dear Comrade Lenin! I cannot avoid pointing out an outrageous phenomenon that can still be observed all over our Soviet Russia. Even though it has been more than two years since power in Russia has been in the hands of the Soviets, in all major cities certain things can be observed that do not at all indicate the existence of a dictatorship of the proletariat. I want to point out the most insulting one. In our city, Kazan (and as I mentioned, this also happens in all major cities), there live many former factory owners and other members of the bourgeoisie. Even though their factories and businesses have been nationalized, if you enter their apartments you would see them still living as they did in the 'good old times.' These gentlemen do not seem to know that the Civil War is still raging and that power is in the hands of the workers. As in the past, they continue to reside in the most luxurious, spacious, and warm apartments, with luxurious furniture. In their kitchens, you would still see hired cooks with white caps and uniforms, and in their households you would still see a variety of servants. In the summer they still go out to their country houses to 'relax.' When I see this, I become almost ashamed of our proletarian revolution. Why has no attention been paid to this yet? Why are workers not being moved into the bourgeois apartments and the bourgeois into workers' cellars? Why is their furniture and other belongings not being confiscated and distributed to the workers? And anyway, why has this gang of bourgeois parasites not yet been destroyed? I am turning to you, Comrade Lenin, as our leader and the most loyal friend of the proletariat, and I am waiting so that this issue, which concerns me and many other honest communists, can be resolved by an appropriate decree." Letter to Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin from a member of the Communist Party living in Kazan, Russia, November, 1920 Which of the following aspects of the immediate historical situation in which the letter was written best explains the author's demands toward the end of the second paragraph? A. The Soviet government used the pretext of the ongoing civil war to engage in repressive policies against entire sections of its population. B. Soviet leaders scrambled for influence as they sought to replace an ailing Vladimir Lenin. C. The implementation of the first Five Year Plan had resulted in widespread famine and high death rates in the Soviet countryside. D. Because of Russia's late industrialization, its working class was numerically small, limiting popular support for the Bolshevik seizure of power.

A. The Soviet government used the pretext of the ongoing civil war to engage in repressive policies against entire sections of its population.

Banners at bottom read: "Long live the invincible party of Lenin!" "Long live the great guide of the international proletarian revolution, Comrade Stalin!" Which of the following directly enabled the establishment of the government that produced the poster? A. The collapse of the Russian Empire under the stress of the First World War B. Redrawn national boundaries as a result of peace treaties ending the First World War C. The abolition of serfdom and other forms of coerced labor in Russia during the nineteenth century D. Increased ethnic violence in Russia due to imperial expansion in the nineteenth century

A. The collapse of the Russian Empire under the stress of the First World War

The photograph above of German East African troops best illustrates which of the following historical processes during the First World War? A. The increasing inclusion of non-Europeans in European conflicts B. The undermining of European claims to moral superiority as a result of the destructiveness of the First World War C. The development of African nationalism as a consequence of Africans' involvement in European wars D. The gradual extension of self-rule to Europe's African colonies in the face of anticolonial protests by Africans

A. The increasing inclusion of non-Europeans in European conflicts

Which of the following best characterizes the significance of the events in Russia in the winter of 1917, as shown in the image? A. They started a process that eventually led to a communist revolution. B. They convinced Tsarist government leaders to take Russia out of the First World War by concluding a separate peace treaty. C. They led directly to the collapse of other land-based empires such as the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. D. They led to the abolition of the Russian parliament (Duma) and the beginning of direct personal rule by Tsar Nicholas II.

A. They started a process that eventually led to a communist revolution.

Which of the following best explains a likely significant purpose behind Yanaihara publishing his article in a Canadian journal? A. Yanaihara wished to justify continued Japanese colonial rule of Korea to potentially hostile Western states. B. Yanaihara wished to intimidate potential Western rivals by describing Japan's industrial power. C. Yanaihara sought to open free trade with Canada in order to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression. D. Yanaihara sought to pass on Japanese industrial expertise to underdeveloped countries.

A. Yanaihara wished to justify continued Japanese colonial rule of Korea to potentially hostile Western states.

The memorandum is best explained in the context of which of the following developments in the early twentieth century? A. The decline of the Western-dominated global order B. The emergence of external and internal challenges that threatened the stability of imperial states C. The emergence of new nation-states based on the principle of ethnic self-determination D. The use of government propaganda to mobilize national populations for conflict with rival states

B. The emergence of external and internal challenges that threatened the stability of v imperial states

Watson, in the first paragraph of Source 1, uses the newspaper quote to support the claim that A. Russian troops committed atrocities against German civilians B. German propaganda portrayed the conflict with Russia as a defensive war C. parts of eastern Germany were occupied by Russian troops in the early stages of the war D. ordinary Germans were not genuinely afraid of the effects of a possible Russian invasion

B. German propaganda portrayed the conflict with Russia as a defensive war

Which of the following would best support Schama's argument in the first paragraph about the role of Churchill's speeches in Great Britain's war effort? A. Other nations' leaders during the war also regularly made speeches to their people. B. New mass media such as radio greatly expanded the reach of governments' mobilization efforts. C. For almost a full year after the British declaration of war against Germany, there was almost no military action on British soil. D. Despite its economic and logistical support for Britain, the United States did not formally join the war against Germany until after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

B. New mass media such as radio greatly expanded the reach of governments' mobilization efforts.

"Just yesterday, you sent me a telegram appealing to my friendship and called upon me to act as an intermediary and help resolve the conflict between you and the Austro-Hungarian government. But I understand that, even as you did that, your troops were being mobilized against Austria-Hungary. This makes my attempts at meditation almost pointless. Nonetheless, I continued in my efforts today. I now receive fresh news of even more serious Russian preparations for war on my Eastern frontier. Responsibility for the safety of my empire forces me to take defensive and preventive measures. In my endeavors to maintain the peace of the world, I have gone to the utmost limit possible. The responsibility for the disaster that is now threatening the civilized world will not be laid at my door. At this moment, you still have the power to avert war. Nobody is threatening the honor or power of Russia, and you can well afford to await the result of my mediation. My friendship for you and your empire, transmitted to me by my grandfather on his deathbed, has always been sacred to me and I have often supported Russia in the past when she was in serious trouble." Wilhelm II, emperor of Germany, telegram to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, July 31, 1914 The passage can best be used to explain the role of which of the following in bringing about the First World War? A. Imperialist expansion B. Rival great power alliances C. Global competition for economic resources D. Competing political and social ideologies

B. Rival great power alliances

The unrest reflected in the image is best explained by which of the following features of the Russian government at the time of the photograph? A. The Russian Empire covered a vast land area, much of which was undeveloped economically. B. The Tsarist regime that governed Russia was autocratic and unresponsive to calls for reform. C. The Russian Empire was composed of many different ethnic groups that had varying degrees of autonomy. D. The Tsarist monarchy was tied to the monarchies of Germany and Great Britain by common family links.

B. The Tsarist regime that governed Russia was autocratic and unresponsive to calls for reform.

Considering the purpose of the letter, it most likely overstates which of the following? A. The period of time that has elapsed since power in Russia has been in the hands of the Soviets (first paragraph). B. The extent to which wealthy Russians continued to live exactly as they did before the revolution (second paragraph). C. The author's sense of indignation and shame at the perceived injustices of Soviet revolutionary society (second paragraph). D. The author's estimation of Lenin as "the most loyal friend of the proletariat" (third paragraph).

B. The extent to which wealthy Russians continued to live exactly as they did before the revolution (second paragraph).

Which of the following statements best represents a nationalistic interpretation of the collapse of the Ottoman and Russian empires during and immediately after the First World War? A. Military weakness and political instability were the primary reasons for the collapse of these empires. B. The growing demands of various ethnic groups within these multiethnic empires were the primary reasons for the collapse. C. The slow pace of industrialization in these empires left them unable to compete militarily and politically with more developed countries. D. Religious differences between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire led to their final collapse.

B. The growing demands of various ethnic groups within these multiethnic empires were the primary reasons for the collapse.

"At school the teachers say it is our patriotic duty to stop using foreign words. I didn't know what they meant by this at first, but now I see it- you must no longer say 'adieu ['farewell'] because that is French. It is in order to say 'lebwohl ['farewell' in German] instead. We also have a little tin box in which we'll put some small change in every time we slip up and use a foreign word. The contents of this little war savings box will go towards buying knitting wool. We must now knit woollen things for the soldiers. Diary of a twelve-year old German girl, August 1914The passage above best exemplifies which of the following processes shortly after the outbreak of the First World War? A. The increasingly authoritarian methods used by European teachers B. The strengthening of nationalist sentiment throughout Europe C. The emergence of a pan-European antiwar movement D. The key role European women played in sustaining the war effort

B. The strengthening of nationalist sentiment throughout Europe

Banners at bottom read: "Long live the invincible party of Lenin!" "Long live the great guide of the international proletarian revolution, Comrade Stalin!" Which of the following best describes the likely intent of the poster? A. To build support for Soviet participation in institutions of international governance such as the League of Nations B. To build support for centrally directed economic modernization programs in the Soviet Union C. To promote Soviet free-market economic policies and participation in international trade agreements D. To promote resistance to the prevailing political and economic order in the Soviet Union

B. To build support for centrally directed economic modernization programs in the Soviet Union

All of the following resulted from the French and Russian Revolutions EXCEPT A. a loss of power for the established church B. a socialist economic system C. the execution of the monarch and family D. the rise of a strong autocratic leader

B. a socialist economic system

"The German people once built up a colonial empire without robbing anyone and without violating any treaty. That colonial empire was taken away from us unreasonably. First, it was said that the natives in those colonies did not want to belong to Germany. But, who asked them if they wished to belong to some other power and when were these natives ever asked if they had been content with the power that formerly ruled them? Second, it is stated that the colonies were not administered properly by the Germans, but Germany had these colonies only for a few decades and they were in a process of development. Third, it is said that the colonies are of no real value. But, if that is the case, then they can be of no value to any other state. Moreover, Germany has never demanded colonies for military purposes, but exclusively for economic purposes. It is obvious that in times of general prosperity the value of certain territories may decrease, but it is just as evident that in times of distress such value increases. Today, Germany lives in a time of difficult struggle for foodstuffs and raw materials. Sufficient imports are conceivable only if there is a continued and lasting increase in our exports. Therefore, as a matter of course, our demand for colonies for our densely populated country will be put forward again and again." Adolf Hitler, German chancellor, speech delivered in the German parliament, 1937 In the context of the late 1930s, the arguments that Hitler makes in the last paragraph are most significant in explaining how A. the Great Depression gave fascist states an excuse to take over all aspects of economic production B. imperialist aspirations contributed to motivating the policies of fascist states C. the protectionist policies of Western European states contributed to economic collapse in fascist states D. fascist regimes in Europe used settler colonies to provide soldiers for their armies

B. imperialist aspirations contributed to motivating the policies of fascist states

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which could be most directly used to modify Schama's argument that the war provided "overwhelming evidence of a new-found British social cohesiveness and mutual loyalty"? A. British military production in key sectors such as aircraft and munitions generally outpaced German production after 1940 B. Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister in 1940, after Chamberlain had lost the support of the country because of his policy of appeasement of Nazi Germany. C. After a brief period of supporting the war effort, the Indian National Congress continued its anti-imperialist agitation, with Gandhi launching a Quit India campaign in 1942. D. During the war, the British government took an active role in regulating the economy via the rationing of food and fuel, subsidizing military production, and assuring its population of its intention to adopt social welfare policies after the war had been won.

C. After a brief period of supporting the war effort, the Indian National Congress continued its anti-imperialist agitation, with Gandhi launching a Quit India campaign in 1942.

The "Hutu Ten Commandments" is best explained as being part of which of the following continuities in twentieth-century history? A. Authoritarian communist regimes attempting to control the daily lives of their populations B. Liberal governments attempting to manage the interests of competing ethnic groups C. Extremist groups using propaganda to target specific minority populations D. New ideologies emerging and presenting challenges to the economic order

C. Extremist groups using propaganda to target specific minority populations

"Just yesterday, you sent me a telegram appealing to my friendship and called upon me to act as an intermediary and help resolve the conflict between you and the Austro-Hungarian government. But I understand that, even as you did that, your troops were being mobilized against Austria-Hungary. This makes my attempts at meditation almost pointless. Nonetheless, I continued in my efforts today. I now receive fresh news of even more serious Russian preparations for war on my Eastern frontier. Responsibility for the safety of my empire forces me to take defensive and preventive measures. In my endeavors to maintain the peace of the world, I have gone to the utmost limit possible. The responsibility for the disaster that is now threatening the civilized world will not be laid at my door. At this moment, you still have the power to avert war. Nobody is threatening the honor or power of Russia, and you can well afford to await the result of my mediation. My friendship for you and your empire, transmitted to me by my grandfather on his deathbed, has always been sacred to me and I have often supported Russia in the past when she was in serious trouble." Wilhelm II, emperor of Germany, telegram to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, July 31, 1914 Which of the following events that preceded the outbreak of the First World War best explains why Russian troops were being mobilized against Austria-Hungary, as stated in the first paragraph? A. Russia wanted to demonstrate to Austria-Hungary that its military forces had recovered from their defeat during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. B. Russia was confident that its mutual defense treaties with France and Great Britain would ensure that Austria-Hungary would not dare attack it. C. Russia was acting in support of Serbia, which was facing an imminent Austro-Hungarian attack following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. D. Russia wanted to divert its people's attention away from its pressing economic problems and stop the growth of socialist parties.

C. Russia was acting in support of Serbia, which was facing an imminent Austro-Hungarian attack following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Which of the following does the author of Source 2 most directly cite as evidence of a higher casualty rate among Senegalese soldiers in combat than among French soldiers in combat? A. The casualty rate as a percentage of all soldiers mobilized for the war B. The casualty rate among infantry units C. The casualty rate after July 1916 D. The casualty rate among cavalry, artillery, engineering, and aviation units

C. The casualty rate after July 1916

Which of the following was the most important factor behind Europeans' readiness to embrace authoritarian political systems in the 1930s? A. Dissatisfaction with the welfare state B. Admiration for the economic achievement of the Soviet Union under Stalin C. The economic crisis caused by the Great Depression D. Resentment of United States mass culture and consumer society

C. The economic crisis caused by the Great Depression

Which of the following best explains the long-term historical significance of the views expressed by Yanaihara in the passage? A. They show that some members of the Japanese elite sought to join larger regional trade organizations in order to expand Japan's economy. B. They show that some members of the Japanese elite feared the growth of communist influence in Asia after the Russian Revolution and Chinese Civil War. C. They show that some members of the Japanese elite sought to justify aggressive Japanese colonial efforts in China and the Pacific region. D. They show that some members of the Japanese elite feared Western influence would disrupt Japan's traditional Shinto cultural and political practices.

C. They show that some members of the Japanese elite sought to justify aggressive Japanese colonial efforts in China and the Pacific region.

The mention of "President Wilson's principles" is most directly significant to understanding the editorial's point of view about the Treaty of Versailles because of the United States president's commitment to A. establish an international organization to prevent future conflicts B. work to create nation-states for ethnic minorities that had been under imperial control C. broker a peace agreement on liberal principles that would not be motivated by revenge D. resist the spread of Bolshevism following the Russian Revolution

C. broker a peace agreement on liberal principles that would not be motivated by revenge

The letter's significance as a source of information on popular attitudes to Bolshevik revolutionary policies lies in the fact that it suggests that some Soviet citizens A. condemned the revolution for leaving the means of production in the hands of the bourgeoisie B. felt that the Bolsheviks had gone too far in curtailing the property rights of wealthy Soviet citizens C. supported the Bolsheviks in their nationalization of industrial property but urged them to seize the upper classes' private property as well D. were grateful to the Bolshevik revolutionary government for providing them with improved living conditions in newly built public housing

C. supported the Bolsheviks in their nationalization of industrial property but urged them to seize the upper classes' private property as well

Which of the following best describes the 1936 lithograph (entitled The Hero) by German artist George Grosz? A. A propaganda poster prepared by the Nazi Party B. A protest poster against the atrocities of the atomic bomb C. A representation of a Holocaust victim D. A post-First World War print expressing antiwar sentiment

D. A post-First World War print expressing antiwar sentiment

All of the following statements about Canada in the early twentieth century are factually accurate. Which would most likely help to explain why Yanaihara thought that his claims regarding Korea might be well received by a Canadian audience? A. Unlike Japan, Canada had never sought to acquire overseas colonies. B. Canada had large French and Native American populations that fiercely defended their native cultures. C. Canada had various unresolved territorial disputes with the United States regarding vital waterways such as the Saint Lawrence River. D. Canada's economy grew during most of the early twentieth century under British rule, and Canadian troops willingly helped the British Empire defend its colonial territories in Asia and Africa.

D. Canada's economy grew during most of the early twentieth century under British rule, and Canadian troops willingly helped the British Empire defend its colonial territories in Asia and Africa.

Which of the following best explains why Schama uses the claim that the British government did not have to apply any "undue pressure" on either factory owners or factory workers during the war? A. He wanted to explain why Hitler made "ill-advised strategic decisions" in his choice of tactics to use in the war against Britain. B. He wanted to show that military aircraft such as Hurricanes and Spitfires were not the deciding factor in the British victory. C. He wanted to prove his point that Britain was a very divided society between the two world wars. D. He wanted to support his argument that Britons were completely mobilized for the y war effort.

D. He wanted to support his argument that Britons were completely mobilized for the y war effort.

Which of the following contributed significantly to the decline of both the Qing and the Ottoman Empires? A. Widespread revolts by factory workers and labor unions B. Collapse of domestic stock and bond markets C. Attempts by the Soviet Union to spread world communism D. Internal conflict with ethnic and religious minorities

D. Internal conflict with ethnic and religious minorities

The makeup of the force shown in the image is best explained by the fact that by 1917 A. nationalism in Russia had intensified sharply as a result of the shared experiences of the First World War B. new military technologies had made it possible to transport soldiers more rapidly C. wartime propaganda had fueled fanatical loyalty to the Tsarist regime among ordinary Russians D. Russia's army morale and home-front effort were collapsing because of the strains of total war

D. Russia's army morale and home-front effort were collapsing because of the strains of total war

Which of the following best explains a potentially significant limitation of using the document for understanding the reforms described in the passage in Brazil? A. The document likely exaggerates the extent to which the reforms benefited B. Brazil's middle and upper classes. The document likely exaggerates the importance of the Work Tribunal in reshaping economic development in Brazil. C. The document likely ignores the deep tensions that existed between workers and union leaders. D. The document likely ignores some economic problems that might have occurred because of the reforms.

D. The document likely ignores some economic problems that might have occurred because of the reforms.

The point of view that Hitler expresses in the first three paragraphs is most directly significant in helping to explain how which of the following contributed to starting the Second World War? A. Nationalist movements in European colonies opposing imperialism B. Ideological rivalry between fascist and communist states C. The use of mass media such as radio to spread propaganda D. The provisions of the Treaty of Versailles that ended the First World War

D. The provisions of the Treaty of Versailles that ended the First World War

Which of the following accurately explains the historical significance of the harsh conditions imposed on Germany that the editorial describes? A. They led to a successful communist revolution in Germany. B. They triggered a massive wave of emigration from Germany. C. They resulted in the virtual deindustrialization of Germany. D. They encouraged the rise of political extremism in Germany.

D. They encouraged the rise of political extremism in Germany.

In China between 1958 and 1962, Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward, an effort to make China an industrial power through mass collectivization of agriculture, is best understood as an example of A. an attempt by China to win favor with policy makers in the United States B. a free market policy designed to position China as a major power in a globalizing economy C. market communism in which the state increasingly cedes control to businesses run by Communist Party associates D. a communist government exerting control over the national economy

D. a communist government exerting control over the national economy

Durnovo's argument in the second paragraph regarding the effect of war between Germany and Russia on the two countries would prove to be A. inaccurate in its prediction that war between Germany and Russia would lead to "social revolution" B. accurate in its prediction that both Germany and Russia would succumb to revolution regardless of which side won the war C. inaccurate in its prediction that revolution would break out first in the defeated country D. accurate in its prediction that a war with Germany would create the circumstances for a revolution in Russia

D. accurate in its prediction that a war with Germany would create the circumstances for a revolution in Russia

Based on the historical situation in which the speech was given, Hitler's most significant motivation for giving the speech was likely to continue to A. make his case to the German people that Jews and other minority populations were a threat to Germany B. eliminate potential opposition to Nazi rule by labeling political opponents as traitors to the German nation C. overstate the extent to which Nazi economic policies had helped Germany overcome the unjust actions of its Western European rivals and prosper again D. reinforce the idea to the German people that past injustices required Germany to continue its military buildup and engage in future territorial expansion

D. reinforce the idea to the German people that past injustices required Germany to continue its military buildup and engage in future territorial expansion

Goldfarb, in Source 2, most directly supports her claim that the British press during the First World War routinely suppressed important war news by citing A. letters by soldiers complaining of the incompetence of their leaders B. rewards given to journalists by the British government C. the more obtrusive press censorship of German authorities D. the case of the sinking of a battleship and the Battle of Jutland

D. the case of the sinking of a battleship and the Battle of Jutland