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Question 3/30 Forty sperm are made by the end of spermatogenesis. How many spermatogonium entered meiosis? 1 4 8 10 20 I don't know

10`

Stolons

A horizontal above ground stem that takes root at various intervals.

The only known DNA arbovirus is _____. Geminivirus JC virus SV40 ASFV I don't know

ASFV

When does maximum secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen in the stomach occur?

After food has entered the stomach.

What is the difference between an acute disease and a chronic disease? An acute disease lasts a long time, whereas a chronic disease is short in duration An acute disease isn't associated with a previous illness, whereas a chronic disease is associated with a previous illness An acute disease is confined to a certain area of the body, whereas a chronic disease affects the whole body An acute disease is short in duration, whereas a chronic disease develops long term I don't know

An acute disease is short in duration, whereas a chronic disease develops long term

In order to perform glycolysis, which of the following needs to happen? An investment of two ATP molecules The oxidation of NADH Breakdown of oxygen ATP accepts a phosphate group The release of carbon dioxide I don't know

An investment of two ATP molecules

Candidiasis and tuberculosis are complications that may occur in people with AIDS. This is an example of: An opportunistic infection. The most advanced stage of infection by HIV. A pathogen that takes advantage of an immune system destroyed by HIV. The results of living in an unsanitary living environment. I don't know

An opportunistic infection.

Why does fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae only produce a maximum of 17% ethanol? At 17%, the ethanol inhibits yeast metabolism The yeast run out of nutrients at 17% At 17%, the yeast switch from producing ethanol to producing carbon dioxide 17% ethanol is enough to completely sterilize a liquid Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae can actually reach a maximum of 95% I don't know

At 17%, the ethanol inhibits yeast metabolism

Why can we manufacture insulin for humans with bacteria? Because genetic code is universal Because genetic code is degenerate Because genetic code is redundant Because genetic code is transparent I don't know

Because genetic code is universal

Why are renal arteries important for the functioning of the human organism?

Because they serve the kidneys.

The rabies virus has what shape and what kind of genome? Bullet shaped and dsRNA-RT (double-stranded) Hexagon shaped and dsDNA (double-stranded) Hexagon shaped and ssDNA (single-stranded) Pentagon shaped and dsRNA (double-stranded) Bullet shaped and ssRNA (single-stranded)

Bullet shaped and ssRNA (single-stranded)

How did Jenner use cowpox to defend against smallpox? By giving material to people that was contaminated with cowpox, people developed an immunity against smallpox, which is similar. By discovering a vaccine for cowpox, which he altered so that it could defend against smallpox as well. By performing most of his scientific tests on the safer cowpox, so that he wouldn't endanger himself during experiments. By performing most of his scientific tests on the safer cowpox, so that he wouldn't endanger his subjects during experiments. I don't know

By giving material to people that was contaminated with cowpox, people developed an immunity against smallpox, which is similar.

A patient who returned to the United States after vacationing in Africa was feeling ill. After a thorough examination his doctor determined that the patient is suffering from malaria. Which of the following would the doctor prescribe to treat the condition? Chloroquine and artemisinin-based combination therapies Praziquantel and artemisinin-based combination therapies Ivermectin and chloroquine Ivermectin and praziquantel I don't know

Chloroquine and artemisinin-based combination therapies

Which of the following helps to induce oncotic pressure?

Colloids such as albumin

Which of the following arteries MOST directly supplies blood to the legs?

Common iliac arteries

Which of the following blood vessels are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta?

Common iliac arteries

The process by which a cell becomes a functional, mature cell of a specific type is known as Differentiation Transcription Signaling Binding Expression I don't know

Differentiation

Erlichiosis (tick )

Doxycycline

Which antibiotic is the treatment of choice for anaplasmosis? Doxycycline Cyclosporine Metronidazole Clindamycin I don't know

Doxycycline

Angiosperms are best described as: Vascular plants that produce naked seeds Seedless nonvascular plants Seedless vascular plants Flowering nonvascular plants Flowering vascular plants I don't know

Flowering vascular plants

Since water balance is such an important part of kidney function, what might be a symptom of kidney failure?

Fluid retention or swelling

Which term best describes the multicellular haploid stage of the plant life cycle? Gamete Zygote Spore Sporophyte Gametophyte I don't know

Gametophyte

Adenoviruses are spread through which method of transmission? Congenitally Genetically Vertically Horizontally I don't know

Horizontally

Which of the following statements about gametes are true? I. In sexual reproduction, each parent provides genetic material for the formation of either an egg or a sperm cell. II. Gametes are produced by mitosis. III. If a sexually reproducing organism is diploid, the gametes are haploid. I, II and III I and III II and III I and II I don't know

I and III

Glycolysis happens In the bloodstream In the cytoplasm of cells In the mitochondrial matrix In the inner membrane of the mitochondria In the cell membrane I don't know

In the cytoplasm of cells

Which of the following is TRUE of foot and mouth disease? The disease affects dogs and cats. It causes blisters and the inability to walk in livestock. It usually does not have an economic effect on the livestock industry. Is the same as hand, foot, and mouth disease It spreads very slowly among animals I don't know

It causes blisters and the inability to walk in livestock.

Which of the following is TRUE of hemagglutinin? It produces new mRNA for lipid synthesis. It absorbs important nutrients. It helps the influenza virus leave the cell. It helps the influenza virus enter the cell. I don't know

It helps the influenza virus enter the cell.

All of the following statements are true regarding lambda phage, EXCEPT: It is responsible for conjugation. It is a model organism for virus studies. It infects bacterial cells. It is responsible for transduction. I don't know

It is responsible for conjugation.

What is the role of Cholecystokinin?

It stimulates the gallbladder to release bile.

What would you expect to happen to a piece of celery you put into a hypertonic solution? It would swell It would shrivel up It would stay the same It would crack in half I don't know

It would shrivel up hypER- shrink

A picture in which all of the homologous chromosomes of an organism have been stained and organized is called a(n): Chromosomal panel Ultrasound Chromogram Genotype Karyogram I don't know

Karyogram

Spores go through what process in order to create new, identical cells in order to become the gametophyte? Apoptosis Fertilization Sexual reproduction Meiosis Mitosis I don't know

Mitosis

How is osmolarity in the kidney's medulla established in order to conserve water?

NaCl exits the ascending limbs of Henle while water exits the descending limb.

While studying for an upcoming test, your friend Jane tells you that prokaryotic cells process their RNA in the nucleus. Is this a correct statement? Why or why not? Yes, this is how prokaryotic cells process their RNA. This is partially correct because only eubacteria process their RNA in the nucleus, other bacteria do not. No, because prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus the mRNA can begin translation right there in the cytoplasm. No, because prokaryotic cells do not have RNA. I don't know

No, because prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus the mRNA can begin translation right there in the cytoplasm.

Leaves attach to stems at _____ and the spaces between leaves are called _____. Buds, terminal buds Buds, internodes Nodes, accessory nodes Nodes, internodes I don't know

Nodes, internodes

Let's say P is an allele that codes for purple flowers and p is an allele that codes for white flowers. A plant has alleles Pp. According to the Law of Segregation, what alleles would each gamete have? One gamete would have P and one would have p. One gamete would have Pp and the other gamete would have no allele. Both gametes would have Pp. Both gametes would have PP.

One gamete would have P and one would have p.

Let's say P is an allele that codes for purple flowers and p is an allele that codes for white flowers. A plant has alleles Pp. According to the Law of Segregation, what alleles would each gamete have? One gamete would have P and one would have p. One gamete would have Pp and the other gamete would have no allele. Both gametes would have Pp. Both gametes would have PP. I don't know

One gamete would have P and one would have p.

Hemagglutinin

One of the enzymes found on the surface of the Influenza virus. It is responsible for binding the virus to the cell that is being infected.

Which enzyme breaks down starch?

Pancreatic amylase.

How does food move through the esophagus?

Peristalsis, a series of wavelike muscular contractions

Which of the following is a function performed by proteins?

Regulation Muscle contraction Transportation

`Which of the following is a somatic cell? Spermatogonium Spermatocyte Spermatid Sertoli cell Sperm cell I don't know

Sertoli cell

Which of the following statements BEST captures the relationship between viruses and cancer? All viruses cause cancer. Some viruses can cause cancer some of the time. No known viruses cause cancer. Viruses can only cause cancer in people infected with HIV. I don't know

Some viruses can cause cancer some of the time.

Doxycycline

Tetracycline

Why do some women get yeast infections after taking a course of antibiotics? They quit taking the antibiotics as soon as they are feeling better and do not finish the entire prescription. The antibiotics cause the L. acidophilus bacteria in the vagina to multiple too rapidly causing a yeast infection. They do not follow the instructions on how to take the medication. The antibiotics kill the L. acidophilus bacteria in the vagina, allowing Candida to move in and cause a yeast infection. I don't know

The antibiotics kill the L. acidophilus bacteria in the vagina, allowing Candida to move in and cause a yeast infection.

Which of the following statements about C. perfringens is TRUE? The bacteria forms endospores that are resistant to environmental stresses Antibiotics can effectively eliminate the symptoms of C. perfringens food poisoning Refrigerating leftovers immediately will not reduce the number of bacteria in the food The actively growing bacteria cause the symptoms of food poisoning The bacteria are present in respiratory secretions and can be passed by aerosolized droplets from person to person I don't know

The bacteria forms endospores that are resistant to environmental stresses

Which of the following BEST explains how a muscle cell exerts force?

The muscle cell shortens or contracts and exerts a pulling force on whatever is attached to both ends.

oncotic pressure

The pressure of water to move, typically into the capillary, as the result of the presence of plasma proteins.

The process of precipitating out the proteins from the milk The process of developing the unique characteristics of the cheese Not required for cheese production The step that requires mold to be added to the outside of the curds An Olympic sport involving brooms and a heavy weight I don't know

The process of developing the unique characteristics of the cheese

Where do the kidneys primarily secrete hydrogen ions?

The proximal tubule.

What is the role of the tongue in mechanical digestion?

The tongue mixes the chewed food with saliva.

Which of the following explains how a person straightens his arm at the elbow? Both the biceps and triceps muscles relax, and the arm straightens to its default set point. The biceps and triceps muscles work together to pull the ulna away from the upper arm. The triceps muscle contracts, pulling the ulna away from the upper arm while the biceps muscle is relaxed. The biceps muscle is used to push the forearm away from the upper arm while the triceps muscle is relaxed.

The triceps muscle contracts, pulling the ulna away from the upper arm while the biceps muscle is relaxed.

Which of the following statements regarding Lyme Disease is TRUE? The vast majority of U.S. Lyme disease occurs in only 13 states. Lyme disease is caused by only one type of Borrelia. Lyme disease is commonly spread between humans in crowded conditions. There is a very effective vaccine for Lyme disease currently available. In the U.S., the organism responsible for Lyme disease is most commonly found in the guts of owls and snakes. I don't know

The vast majority of U.S. Lyme disease occurs in only 13 states.

How does cleavage differ from normal mitosis? It occurs faster than normal mitosis. It occurs slower than normal mitosis. There are no growth phases between divisions. The growth phases between divisions are faster. I don't know

There are no growth phases between divisions.

Which of the following is true about sperm? They are haploid and have one copy of each chromosome. They are diploid and have two copies of each chromosome. They are haploid and have two copies of each chromosome. They are diploid and have one copy of each chromosome. They are tetraploid and have four copies of each chromosome. I don't know

They are haploid and have one copy of each chromosome.

Why can valves be pictured as one-way doors?

They prevent the backward flow of blood.

The glomerulus forms _____ which flows into the _____ and then into the _____.

Ultrafiltrate, Bowman's Space, Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Sammy is a healthy twenty-year old who contracts erlichiosis. How would you expect his doctor to treat him? With the antibiotic doxycycline. With long-term hospitalization, steroids, and intravenous antibiotics. No treatment is needed. With the antibiotic combo of metronidazole and penicillin. With Bed rest and intravenous fluids. I don't know

With the antibiotic doxycycline.

What is a ligand?

a molecule that binds to a receptor

When games and competitions are held at high altitudes, athletes must specially train to postpone their cells from switching to anaerobic cellular respiration dehydration synthesis aerobic cellular respiration photosynthesis hematopoiesis I don't know

aerobic cellular respiration

Proteins are biological molecules made of _____.

amino acids

When a protein makes it easier for a biological reaction to happen, it is acting as _____.

an enzyme

What is a ligand?

any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule

Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline class antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites. It is used to treat

bacterial pneumonia, acne, chlamydia infections, Lyme disease, cholera, typhus, and syphilis. It is also used to prevent malaria in combination with quinine.Wikipedia

HPV infects the:

basal layer of epithelial cells

What makes up the formed elements of blood?

blood cells

Dogs infected with parvovirus often suffer from _____. sudden weight gain the inability to breathe bloody diarrhea a ravenous appetite I don't know

bloody diarrhea

An arbovirus is transmitted _____. by arthropod vectors through respiratory secretions only by saliva only through contaminated food I don't know

by arthropod vectors

Hemagglutinin

causes clumping of red blood cells

Sertoli cells

cells found within the seminiferous tubules that provide metabolic support for the spermatids

Mary goes to a sexual health clinic and is diagnosed with HPV. Which of the following cancers should she be most concerned about developing? Vulvar cancer Uterine cancer Cervical cancer Breast cancer I don't know

cervical cancer

A relationship between different species of organisms where one organism benefits while the other isn't harmed nor helped is referred to as _____. commensalism parasitism mutualism symbiosis I don't know

commensalism

Plants such as cucumbers and rice do not require a critical length of daylight in order to bloom. These plants are best known as: Perennials Night neutral Short-day Long-day Day-neutral I don't know

day-neutral

The number of minutes necessary to kill a population of microbes at 250*F or 121.1*C is known as (the): No value D-value Z-value Thermal death time F-value I don't know

f-value

Question 5/30 Salmonella bacteria localize and hide in the _____ in chronic carrier patients. gallbladder bloodstream lymphatic system small intestine I don't know

gallbladder

C. perfringens

gas gangrene, food poisoning

HPV

human papillomavirus

Which of the following is NOT a segment of DNA? Inducer Promoter Operator Regulatory gene Structural gene I don't know

inducer

What problem would be caused by a lack of cartilage in someone's body?

joint damage and deformities Their movement would be hindered, and their bones rub together.

Spinach requires at least 10 hours of sunlight per day before it will bloom. This type of plant can best be described as: Annual Perennial Day-neutral Short-day Long-day I don't know

long-day

The heart, blood vessels, blood cells, skeleton, kidney, spleen, and muscles are all tissues or organs that arise from what primary germ layer? the endoderm the ectoderm the mesoderm the inner cell mass or ICM the epiblast I don't know

mesoderm

meso

middle

Spores go through what process in order to create new, identical cells in order to become the gametophyte? Apoptosis Fertilization Sexual reproduction Meiosis Mitosis I don't know

mitosis

The process in which the duplicated DNA of a diploid cell is separated into two daughter cells is called: Prometaphase Meiosis Mitosis Metaphase Prophase I don't know

mitosis

Two or more organisms of a different species living in a relationship where all benefit is referred to as _____. symbiosis commensalism mutualism parasitism I don't know

mutualism

Which structure is responsible for making spores through meiosis? Gametangium Zygote Gametes Gametophyte Sporophyte I don't know

sporophyte

In what type of environment is vegetative propagation the most advantageous? Warm Rapidly changing Wet Dry Stable I don't know

stable

Some plants, such as strawberries, develop new flowering stems through the use of aboveground horizontal stems. Which term best describes these structures? Cuttings Bulbs Tubers Rhizomes Stolons I don't know

stolons

Which part of the lac operon codes for the lactose digesting enzymes?

structural gene

Proteins in our skin, hair, and nails are called what?

structural proteins

Which type of RNA molecule contains an anticodon?

tRNA

Which of the following concepts best describes a chlorophyll molecule absorbing light and changing it into chemical energy? Bernoulli's Principle Newton's Third Law of Motion Boyle's Law The Second Law of Thermodynamics The Law of Conservation of Energy I don't know

the Law of Conservation of Energy

ALL of the following are reasons why a diagnosis of ehrlichiosis is difficult EXCEPT _____. the symptoms of erlichiosis are identical to those of rheumatic fever blood tests for antibodies can be negative for the first ten days symptoms are variable from patient to patient most people never know they were bitten by a tick many tick-borne disease have similar characteristics and symptoms I don't know

the symptoms of erlichiosis are identical to those of rheumatic fever

What is the biggest difference between a liver cell and a brain cell? Their shape. Their size. The genes that they have. Their gene expression. Where they are located. I don't know

their gene expression

What type of molecule is released during the formation of a peptide bond? Water Nitrogen Carbon tRNA I don't know

water