APC - Chapter 8 - Molecular Structure and Covalent Bonding Theories
What angle(s) are associated with a central atom that has tetrahedral electronic geometry? a. 109.5 b. 120 c. 120 and 180 d. 90 and 120 e. 90 and 180
A
What is the hybridization of a carbon atom involved in a triple bond? a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
A
Consider the SeF4 molecule. Where is (are) the lone pair(s) located on the central atom? a. In the axial position. b. In the equatorial position. c. In two octahedral positions at 180 angles from each other. d. In either axial or equatorial positions. e. There are no lone pairs present in SeF4.
B
Draw the dot formula for the HNO2 molecule. The nitrogen atom is the central atom and the hydrogen atom is attached to an oxygen atom. On the basis of the number of regions of high electron density about the nitrogen atom, predict the nitrogen atom hybridization. a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
B
The central atom in a molecule has three regions of high electron density. What type of hybrid orbitals are formed by the central atom? a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
B
The geometry about atom 3 is: a. linear b. bent c. trigonal planar d. tetrahedral e. trigonal pyramidal
B
What is (are) the bond angle(s) in BeI2 molecules? a. 120 b. 180 c. 90 and 180 d. 120 and 90 e. 109
B
Which of the following do not count as regions of high electron density with respect to the central atom in a molecule? a. single bonds b. lone pairs on an outer atom c. lone pairs on the central atom d. double bonds e. triple bonds
B
Which of the following statements about chloroform, CHCl3, is false? a. The hybridization of C is sp3. b. The hybridization of Cl is sp3. c. The bond angles are 109.5. d. The molecule is polar. e. The molecule has tetrahedral electronic geometry.
B
Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar? a. H2O b. CO2 c. CSO d. NF3 e. NH3
B
A molecule has sp3 hybridization with 1 lone pair. What is the geometry of this molecule? a. tetrahedral b. trigonal planar c. trigonal pyramidal d. bent e. trigonal bipyramidal
C
Choose the species that is incorrectly matched with the electronic geometry about the central atom. Ion / Electronic Geometry a. NO2 / trigonal planar b. ClO4 / tetrahedral c. SO32 / pyramidal d. ClO3 / tetrahedral e. BrO4 / tetrahedral
C
Consider a molecule with 109.5 bond angles and sp3 hybridization at the central atom. Which of the following molecules does not fit this description? a. CH3Cl b. SiF4 c. SF4 d. SiCl4 e. CF4
C
CH4 is a nonpolar molecule. Which of the following similar molecules is also nonpolar? a. CH3Cl b. CH2Cl2 c. SiH3Cl d. SiH4 e. SiH2Cl2
D
Which of the following molecules has 120 bond angles? a. BF4 b. CF4 c. H2O d. BI3 e. NH4+
D
What is the hybridization at the central element in SeF6? a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
D (I just had to put this one in, it's classic)
Choose the species that is incorrectly matched with the electronic geometry about the central atom. Molecule / Electronic Geometry a. CF4 / tetrahedral b. BeBr2 / linear c. H2O / tetrahedral d. NH3 / tetrahedral e. PF3 / pyramidal
E
What is the electronic geometry for 3 regions of high electron density on a central atom? a. octahedral b. square planar c. trigonal bipyramidal d. tetrahedral e. trigonal planar
E
Which of the following species does not have octahedral electronic geometry? a. IF4 b. BrCl5 c. XeF4 d. PF6 e. AsF5
E
Which of the following statements about SCl4 is false? a. The electronic geometry is trigonal bipyramidal. b. S is sp3d hybridized. c. S has one lone pair. d. Bonding angles are 90, 120 or 180. e. The molecular geometry is trigonal bipyramidal.
E
Which one of the following is a polar molecule with nonpolar bonds? a. H2O b. NH3 c. PF5 d. CHCl3 e. none of these
E
The bond angle(s) associated with sp3d2 hybridization is (are) ____. a. 90 and 180 b. 120 c. 109 d. 90 and 120 e. 109 and 120
A
How many sigma bonds and how many pi bonds does the ethene molecule contain? a. 4 sigma, 2 pi b. 5 sigma, 2 pi c. 5 sigma, 1 pi d. 5 sigma, 0 pi e. 8 sigma, 2 pi
C
How many unshared electrons are there in the highest energy level of phosphorus in the covalent compound PF5? (HINT: Draw Lewis dot formula.) a. eight b. two c. three d. none e. five
D
Consider the following statements about BCl3 molecules. Which statement is false? a. The BCl bonds are quite polar. b. The bond dipoles exactly cancel. c. The ClBCl bond angles are 109.5. d. BCl3 molecules are nonpolar. e. BCl3 molecules are planar.
C
Which of the following statements regarding a carbon atom involved in 2 double bonds is false? a. The geometry is linear. b. The hybridization is sp. c. There are 2 sigma and two pi bonds. d. The C atom has two unhybridized p atomic orbitals. e. The C atom can make one more bond to complete its octet.
E
Which one of the following molecules has a central atom that is not sp3 hybridized? a. H2O b. NH3 c. CH4 d. CHCl3 e. SF4
E
Which one of the following molecules is polar? a. N2 b. P4 c. Cl2 d. CO2 e. H2O
E
Which one of the following molecules is polar? a. SiH4 b. SF6 c. H2 d. PCl5 e. SF4
E
Draw the dot formula for the noble gas compound xenon tetrafluoride, XeF4. What is the hybridization of xenon? a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
E (this example was in our notes, had to put it in so you see some d hybridization)
What is the geometry of a carbon atom involved in one double bond? a. linear b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral d. trigonal bipyramidal e. octahedral
b
Consider the chlorine atom in the HCl molecule. Which statement below is true? a. The chlorine atom has tetrahedral electronic geometry. b. The molecule is angular. c. The molecule is nonpolar. d. VSEPR theory and VB theory disagree about the molecular geometry of HCl. e. All of these are true.
A
The ONO bond angles associated with the nitrate ion, NO3, are all 120. The hybridization at the nitrogen atom is ____. a. sp2 b. sp3 c. sp3d2 d. sp e. sp3d
A
The molecular geometry of PCl3 is ____. a. pyramidal b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral d. octahedral e. trigonal bipyramidal
A
What is the electron geometry (or electron arrangement) around an atom in a molecule or ion which is surrounded by one lone pair of electrons and four single bonds. a. trigonal bipyramidal b. see-saw or distorted tetrahedron c. T-shaped d. linear e. trigonal planar
A
When an atom in a molecule or ion is described as sp hybridized, its molecular geometry is a. linear. b. octahedral. c. trigonal bipyramidal. d. tetrahedral. e. trigonal planar.
A
Consider the BeCl2 molecule. Which statement about this molecule is false? a. The molecule is linear. b. The molecule has polar bonds. c. The molecule is polar. d. The central atom is sp hybridized. e. Be does not satisfy the octet rule.
C
Molecules such as NF3 are best described by assuming what kind of hybridization at the central atom? a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
C
The electronic geometry is a. the arrangement of atoms around the central atom in a molecule. b. the arrangement of H atoms around the central atom in a molecule. c. the arrangement of regions of high electron density around the central atom in a molecule. d. the arrangement of lone pairs around the central atom in a molecule. e. the sets of quantum numbers for a central atom.
C
The electronic geometry of the central atom in PCl3 is ____. a. pyramidal b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral d. octahedral e. trigonal bipyramidal
C
The hybridization associated with the central atom of a molecule in which all the bond angles are 109.5 is ____. a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
C
What is the hybridization at the boron atom in gaseous BBr3? a. sp3d b. sp c. sp2 d. sp3 e. sp3d2
C
What is the hybridization at the central atom in SiH4? a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
C
What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in H3O+? a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
C
What is the hybridization of the sulfur atom in SO32? a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
C
What is the shape (molecular geometry) of PCl3? a. trigonal planar b. bent c. trigonal pyramidal d. tetrahedral e. trigonal bipyramidal
C
Which of the following species has square planar molecular geometry? a. CH4 b. SF4 c. XeF4 d. NH4+ e. SO42
C
Which one of the following is a nonpolar molecule with polar bonds? a. H2O b. NH3 c. PF5 d. CHCl3 e. none of these
C
Which species is incorrectly matched with bond angles? Molecule / Bond Angles a. CI4 / 109.5 b. BeF2 / 180 c. HI / 90 d. I3 / 180 e. BI3 / 120
C
If an atom has sp hybridization in a molecule, what is the maximum number of and bonds that the atom can form? a. 1 and 1 b. 1 and 2 c. 2 and 1 d. 2 and 2 e. 3 and 1
D
The phosphorus pentachloride molecule is nonpolar and contains no lone (unshared) electron pairs on the phosphorus atom. What are all of the possible ClPCl bond angles? a. 120 b. 180 c. 109.5 d. 90, 120, and 180 e. 90 and 180
D
What angle(s) are associated with a central atom that has trigonal bipyramidal electronic geometry? a. 109.5 b. 120 c. 120 and 180 d. 90 and 120 e. 90 and 180
D
What is the shape (molecular geometry) of IBr3? a. trigonal planar b. trigonal pyramidal c. trigonal bipyramidal d. T-shaped e. seesaw
D
Which molecule is incorrectly matched with the molecular geometry? Molecule / Molecular Geometry a. SO32 / pyramidal b. SO3 / trigonal planar c. SO42 / tetrahedral d. ClO3 / tetrahedral e. ClO / linear
D
Which of the following molecules has three lone pairs of electrons on the central atom? a. XeF4 b. SF4 c. SF6 d. XeF2 e. NCl3
D
Which of the following molecules is nonpolar? a. phosphorus trifluoride, PF3 b. sulfur tetrafluoride, SF4 c. hydrogen fluoride, HF d. boron trifluoride, BF3 e. sulfur dioxide, SO2
D
Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar? a. CCl4 b. CH2Cl2 c. CH3Cl d. CHCl3 e. SiH2Cl2
A
Which response contains all of the following molecules that can be described as bent or angular molecules and none that have other shapes? BeI2, SO2, H2S, PF3, CO2 a. SO2, H2S b. BeI2, SO2 c. BeI2, PF3, CO2 d. PF3, CO2 e. another combination
A
Which species is incorrectly matched with bond angles? Molecule / Bond Angles a. NCl3 / 120 b. BeBr2 / 180 c. CCl4 / 109.5 d. PCl5 / 120 and 90 (and 180) e. SeF6 / 90 (and 180)
A
Which one of the following molecules has a central atom that is sp2 hybridized? a. BeF2 b. BCl3 c. PCl3 d. H2O e. NH3
B
Which one of the following molecules has an octahedral electron geometry? a. BeCl2 b. SeF6 c. BF3 d. PF5 e. CF4
B
Which species is incorrectly matched with bond angles? Molecule / Bond Angles a. SiCl4 / 109.5 b. BeI2 / slightly less than 109 c. SF6 / 90 (and 180) d. AsF5 / 90, 120 (and 180) e. BF3 / 120
B
Which of the following statements concerning polar molecules is false? a. There must be at least one polar bond or one unshared pair of electrons on the central atom. b. If there are more than one polar bond, they must not be symmetrically arranged so that their polarities cancel. c. If there are more than one unshared pair of electrons on the central atom, they must not be symmetrically arranged so that their polarities cancel. d. There must be an odd number of polar bonds so that their polarities not cancel. e. A molecule with symmetrically arranged polar bonds can be polar if the central atom is bonded to atoms of different elements.
D
Which one of the following molecules is polar? a. BCl3 b. CdI2 c. CCl4 d. NCl3 e. BeBr2
D
Many simple molecules contain two lone pairs of electrons (unshared pairs) that occupy hybrid orbitals on the central element. Which of the following kinds of electron-electron repulsions are smallest in such molecules? a. bonding pair-bonding pair b. bonding pair-lone pair c. lone pair-lone pair d. depends on hybrid orbitals e. repulsions between all types of pairs of electrons are the same
A
Which of the following statements concerning HgI2 (a covalent compound) is false? a. HgI2 is a linear molecule. b. The hybridization of the central Hg atom is sp. c. The electronegativity difference between Hg and I is so large that HgI2 is an ionic compound. d. Because the bond angle is 180, the two bond dipoles cancel to give a nonpolar molecule. e. The Hg atom in HgI2 does not satisfy the octet rule.
C
Which statement for NH3 and NF3 is false? Electronegativities: N = 3.0, H = 2.1, F = 4.0. a. Both are sp3 hybridized at nitrogen. b. The bond angles in NF3 are smaller than those in NH3. c. The NF3 molecule is more polar than the NH3 molecule. d. Both molecules have one unshared pair of electrons in the outer shell of nitrogen. e. The bond dipoles of NF3 are directed toward fluorine, whereas those in NH3 are directed toward nitrogen.
C
Which molecule is incorrectly matched with the molecular geometry? Molecule / Molecular Geometry a. SeF6 / octahedral b. CCl4 / tetrahedral c. SO3 / pyramidal d. SF4 / tetrahedral e. SbH3 / pyramidal
D
Which of the following statements about PBr3 is false? a. It is a polar molecule. b. The PBr bonds are polar c. P is sp3 hybridized. d. The bond angles are slightly larger than 109.5. e. P has one lone pair.
D
Which one of the following pairs of molecules and molecular geometries is incorrectly matched? Compound / Molecular Geometry a. HBr / linear b. CBr4 / tetrahedral c. AsH3 / pyramidal d. BeBr2 / angular e. CH4 / tetrahedral
D
Which one of the following statements about compounds or polyatomic ions of the A group elements is false? a. All compounds in which the central atom is sp3d2 hybridized violate the octet rule. b. Sulfur hexafluoride is an example of a compound with a central atom that has sp3d2 hybridization. c. All molecules in which the central element is sp3d2 hybridized have octahedral electronic geometry. d. All molecules in which the central element is sp3d2 hybridized have octahedral molecular geometry. e. All ions in which the central atom is sp3d2 hybridized have octahedral electronic geometry.
D
Which response contains all the following statements that are true, and no others? I. A set of sp2 orbitals can be thought of as one s orbital one-third of the time and two p orbitals two-thirds of the time. II. A set of sp orbitals can accommodate a maximum of six electrons. III. The orbitals resulting from sp3d2 hybridization are directed toward the corners of an octahedron. IV. A set of sp3 orbitals results from the mixing of one s orbital and three p orbitals. a. II and IV b. I, II, and IV c. II, III, and IV d. III and IV e. all are true
D
