APEC ch 24

Russo Japanese war

A confrontation with Japan led to their surprise attack on Russia. Russia was defeated by the Japanese navy and sued for peace.

Pan German league

Nationalistic group that stressed strong German nationalism and advocated imperialism to unite all classes. Anti-Semitic

Commodore Matthew Perry

Navy officer who forced the Japanese to grant the United States trading and diplomatic privileges

New imperialism

Revival of imperialism in 1880 when European nations established colonies all over Asia and Africa

Leo Tolstoy

Russian Realist; wrote War and Peace; human love, trust, family ties are life's enduring values

Sergei Witte

Russian minister of finance from 1892-1903. Pushed gov't towards massive railroad construction and industrialization. Also imposed protective tariffs

Aryans

A race of people from ancient India and Pakistan, but whom Hitler believed became the first Germans. The Nazis called all Germans by this name.

Pablo Picasso and Cubism

A re-creator of reality, ____ was important in the development of _____, which used geometric designs as visual stimuli to create a new reality.

Open door policy

Agreement pushed by American sec of state John Hay, in which they agreed one country wouldn't restrict the trade of commerce of other countries around it

Entente Cordiale

Agreements between England and France that stopped the ongoing small conflicts between the nations and started a regime of peace that still exists

1st & 2nd Balkan Wars

1- the Balkan League defeated the Ottomans 2- caused because the Balkan League couldn't decide how to divide the conquered Ottoman territory.

Congress of Berlin

1878 Congress to Resolve the Russo-Turkish war

Henri Bergson

A French philosophy professor who said that personal experiences and intuition were more important than rational thought and thinking

Fabian Socialists

A group of intellectuals who started a movement for laborers and stressed the need for the workers to use their vote to capture the House of Commons and pass legislation the would benefit the laboring class.

anti-Semitism

A mindset that people of Jewish heritage are inferior to other races

David Livingstone and Henry M Stanley

A missionary and a British America journalist who both explored central Africa

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I

Post-Impressionism

An artistic movement that expressed world that could not normally be seen, like dreams and fantasy.

Impressionism

An artistic movement that sought to capture a momentary feel, or impression, of the piece they were drawing

Wassily Kandinsky and Abstract Expressionism

Avoiding any and all representation whatsoever, Kandinsky's work sought to speak to the soul, and concentrated on color.

Hong Kong

Britain gained the rights to this island through war

Cecil Rhodes

British imperialist who got rich through mining in South Africa and wanted to link all British African colonies by railroad

Suez Canal

British saw it as their "lifeline" to their Indian colony. They took control of Egypt to ensure their control of it

"slave morality"

Christianity obliterated the human impulse for life and crushed the human will; religion was only an illusion created by the mind in order to give us meaning

Afrikaners and the Boer war

Descendants of Dutch colonists. The Boer war was a result of conflict b/w the British and the Boers, the latter being overwhelmed by the British army

"Bloody Sunday"

Discontent that surfaced during the war with Japan led Russians to approach the Winter Palace with a list of grievances. The tsar opened fire on the peaceful demonstration and launched a revolution

Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Englishman who was strongly influenced by an anti-Semitic; thought that the Germanic race was superior and their archenemies were the Jewish people; Hitler and the Nazis got ideas from him

Revolution of 1905

Ethnic groups and peasants revolted, leading to the creation of the Duma. Satisfied the moderates, but soon Nicholas II ignored the Duma and used bureaucracy to rule

Emmeline Pankhurst and the "suffragettes"

Founded the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903, she favored a more radical approach to securing the right to vote; her followers used unusual publicity stunts to call attention to her cause

Triple Entente

France, Russia, and GB

Emile Zola

French naturalist writer who wrote a 20 volume series of novels about the difficulties encountered by working class people. openly supported Dreyfus

Georges Sorel

French socialist who considered Marxist socialism an inspiring but improvable religion. Thought a socialist society should be run by a revolutionary elite.

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism

He said that sociologists should keep their hands off society because societies go through a natural evolution.called this principle the survival of the fittest now called _______

Leopold II and the Belgian Congo

His brutal treatment of the Africans as he set up Belgian colonies alarmed the other European countries

Pius IX's Syllabus of Errors

In an outright rejection to modern thought, this papal encyclical condemned things such as nationalism, socialism, religious toleration, and freedom of speech and press.

Ernst Renan's Life of Jesus

In his work he saw Jesus as a human being whose value was in the example he set through his life and teachings.

Maria Montessori

Italian physician who gained international fame for her philosophy of teaching, which allowed students to learn in a noncompetitive and relaxed atmosphere.

Alfred Dreyfus and The Dreyfus Affair

Jewish captain in the French army, was falsely accused and convicted of treason. This case split France apart: army, anti-Semites, and Catholics vs. civil libertarians and most of the more radical republicans. This lead to him being declared innocent as well as all ties between the state and the Catholic church. Nearly everything with the church changed.

Duma

Legislative assembly elected directly by broad franchise

David Lloyd George

Liberal who tried to help the Welsh by increasing the tax burden on the wealthy and fought the House of Lord's opposition

Bismarckian System

Made alliances with the great powers to ensure that there was no war and that peace was established all over the continent and Germany would be fine.

ubermensch (superman)

Nietzsche said god died 1882, growth in science powerful people would become God themselves, new enlightened person opposed to the incarnation of God as supreme being

Theodor Herzl and Zionism

One of the founders of the world Zionist movement. He wanted support from a major power, like Palestine to create an Israeli homeland. He used a gradual approach.

Boxer rebellion

Outbreak of violence in China when members of a secret society began attacking foreigners and Chinese who had converted to Christianity

Rudyard Kipling's the White Man's Burden

Poem that justified European's belief that whites were the superior race and had the responsibility to raise ignorant native peoples to their level of civilization

Peter Stolypin

The tsar's chief advisor who was assassinated in 1911. Dissolved village ownership of land and opened up the opportunity for private property by peasants

Leo XIII's De Rerum Novarum

Upheld individual's right to private property, and criticized "naked" capitalism for the poverty and degradation which left for the working classes.

Paul Cezanne and Vincent van Gogh

_____ rejected Impressionism and expressed the underlying geometric shapes in what he painted. ___ ___ was particularly interested in colors, and used it as a language of its own.

Camille Pissarro and Claude Monet

______ was a founder of Impressionism, and his aspirations are exemplified in the work of _____ where his fascination with water sought to capture the interplay of light, water, and atmosphere.

the Symbolists

believed reality was all a collection of symbols that reflected the human mind, and that art should function for its own sake.

Sigmund Freud psychoanalysis

he laid the foundation for modern psychiatry and questioned the rationality of human nature. a method developed by Freud to resolve a patient's mental conflicts

George Eastman

invented the lightweight Kodak camera that make photography an affordable pastime and history is documented in pictures

Max Planck and quanta

rejected that a body creates a steady stream of heat and said that it is radiated discontinuously in irregular packets called ________

Albert Einstein - the Theory of Relativity

space and time are not absolute but relative to the observer; human experience is the reason that time/space exists

Meiji Restoration

the Japanese underwent an amazing period of modernization in only 50 years

id, ego, and superego "Oedipus Complex"

the three parts that make up the mind. basic inborn drive to survive, mediator, and rules and society values. "loving" the opposite gender parent and hating the other

Friedrich Nietzsche

this philosopher glorified the irrational, wrote "God is dead" and believed that most people were members of the "herd" and believed people should be ruled by a new elite

Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring

wrote music as primitive sounding. Composed the ballet Russe and revolutionized the world of music. Wrote the _____ and many others based on Russian folk tales.