APES

A. Immediately downstream from the paper plant B. Immediately upstream from the paper plant C. At an upstream tributary to the river D. At a downstream tributary to the river

A

A. In moderately developed regions such as China and Latin America, an individual's health is more or as likely to be affected by urban outdoor pollution than by indoor pollution. B. Developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa are less affected by indoor air pollution because there is no source of radon in the region. C. Indoor air pollutants decrease and urban outdoor pollutants increase as countries become more industrialized. D. The amount of both indoor and outdoor air pollution is directly linked to the size of each region.

A

A. Location AA has the greatest need for remediation because the radon levels in the building are the highest and exceed the EPAEPA action level. B. Location BB has the lowest need for remediation because the radon levels in the building are below the suggested action level. C. Location CC has the greatest need for remediation because the radon levels in the soil are the highest. D. Location DD has the lowest need for remediation because there is no measurable radon in the air or the soil samples.

A

A. Oil tanker spill B. Farm field C. Golf course D. Parking lot

A

Which of the different components of smog depicted in the graph are most likely released from automobile exhaust? A. A and B B. B and C C. A, B, and C D. B, C, and D

A

A. Construction of homes with more efficient insulation and increased ventilation B. Use of biomass fuel sources such as wood and charcoal for cooking C. Industrial power plants burning fossil fuels for electrical energy generation D. Use of chemical pesticides on croplands

B

A. The peaks for every data line would be at a lower concentration. B. Concentrations for component CC would be higher throughout the graph. C. Concentrations for all the data lines would be the horizontal throughout the day. D. Components AA, BB, and DD would peak in the afternoon instead of in the morning.

B

A. There is sufficient evidence that exposure to noise induces some health risks in humans. B. There is insufficient evidence to support that noise exposure induces birth defects in humans. C. Noise exposure can induce hearing impairment and decreased school performance. D. A high-priority study subject is the effect of noise on children.

B

A. cool air, cooler air, warm air B. warm air, cool air, cooler air C. cooler air, warm air, cool air D. cooler air, cool air, warm air

B

A. Dobson units B. Percent saturation C. Parts per million D. pH

C

A. Install catalytic converters at the plant. B. Install vapor recovery nozzles at the plant. C. Install electrostatic precipitators at the plant. D. Burn lignite coal instead of bituminous coal at the plant.

C

A. Small pieces of plastic washed in by local currents B. Runoff of oil from nearby urban highway systems C. Oil released from the broken hull of a shipwrecked tanker D. Excess nutrients introduced by fertilization of farmland

C

A. The air layer that is the second closest to the Earth's surface is less dense than the layer above it. B. The inversion layer is warmer than the air layer that is farthest from the Earth's surface. C. The air layer closest to the Earth's surface is denser than the layer above it. D. The air layer that is farthest from the Earth's surface contains the coolest air.

C

A. The amount of dissolved oxygen B. The total suspended solids C. The amount of hydrogen ions D. The species richness

C

A. The plan encourages the transition from electricity generation from nuclear power to electricity generation from cleaner-burning natural gas. B. The plan focuses on increasing regulation on installation and maintenance of catalytic converters in vehicle exhaust systems. C. The plan supports phasing out traditional coal power plants and transitioning to sources like hydroelectricity, wind, and solar power. D. The plan provides a strategy for reducing the amount of plastic wastes in landfills through the production of long-lasting and durable plastics.

C

A. There is no representation of decomposition in the model environment. B. There is no representation of cellular respiration in the model environment. C. There is no representation of photosynthesis in the model environment. D. There is no representation of ingestion in the model environment.

C

A. There is sufficient scientific evidence that noise exposure can induce hypertension and heart disease. B. The relationship of noise with annoyance that negatively impacts human health is a subject for future research. C. Most public health impacts of noise were already identified in the 1960s. D. It is unclear whether negative cognitive effects are reversible in humans.

C

A. Warm sea breeze →→ Cool →→ Warm B. Warm sea breeze →→ Warm →→ Cool C. Cool sea breeze →→ Warm →→ Cool D. Cool sea breeze →→ Cooler →→ Coolest

C

Which of the curves on the graph depicts the concentration of ozone, which requires sunlight to form? A B C D

C

A. A factory smokestack and a sewage overflow B. Runoff from city streets and pesticides from agricultural fields C. Waste from animal feedlots and sediment from construction sites D. Fertilizer from suburban lawns and wastewater from a water treatment plant

D

A. A sample of distilled water B. A sample of water from a nearby river C. A sample of water downstream from the same river D. A sample of water upstream from the same river

D

A. By 1990, all new model cars were equipped with internal fabric filters that effectively filtered car exhaust and reduced lead emissions. B. Beginning in 1975, The Clean Air Act required new cars to have catalytic converters, which effectively converted the lead found in gasoline to water vapor. C. New air-scrubber technologies were introduced in the late 1970s that effectively removed lead in the air and converted it into water vapor. D. Unleaded gasoline was first introduced in 1974, and amendments to the Clean Air Act required cars with the model year 1975 or later to use only unleaded gasoline.

D

A. Photosynthesis B. Cellular respiration C. Decomposition D. Volcanoes

D

A. There is sufficient evidence to support that noise exposure negatively impacts the immune system. B. Further research is needed concerning the mechanisms underlying noise-induced cardiovascular disorders. C. There is insufficient evidence to support that noise exposure induces sleep disturbance in humans. D. Noise exposure is on the increase in both industrialized nations and in developing regions.

D