APES Chapter 11 Practice Questions

No till farming will most likely to lead to all of the following EXCEPT a. Decrease in the use of herbicides b. Decrease in wind erosion c. Decrease in water erosion d. Regeneration of natural soil horizons e. Reduction in CO2 emissions from the soil

a. Decrease in the use of herbicides

Worldwide, the largest component of the human diet is • Grain Products • Meat Products • Dairy Products • Raw and processed sugars • Fruits and vegetables

• Grain Products

What is the main problem with expanding farmland? • There is no place to expand • It is too labor intensive • It is too expensive to expand land • You can not expand on federal land • there is no problem with expanding land

• There is no place to expand

Place the following in order of increasing energy subsidy I. Hunting & Gathering II. Corn III. Eggs IV. Beef a. I, II, III, IV b. I, III, II, IV c. II, I, III, IV d. IV, I, III, II e. IV, III, II, I

a. I, II, III, IV

What is the general relationship between meat consumption and affluence a. More affluent nations tend to consume more meat products b. More affluent nations tend to be net exporters of meat products c. Less affluent nations tend to consume more meat because poultry are so easy to raise d. Less affluent nations tend to consume less meat because meat is thought of as a trading commodity e. There is no apparent relationship between meat consumption and affluence

a. More affluent nations tend to consume more meat products

Industrial Agriculture has many benefits. Which of the following is NOT a benefit associated with industrial agriculture? a. The ratio of energy input to calorie output is low b. Larger food production per hectare c. Monoculture can be more efficient d. Economy of scale can make the food less expensive :e. None of the above

a. The ratio of energy input to calorie output is low

Monocropping has a number of disadvantages. These include all of the following EXCEPT a. Erosion due to exposure of large areas of soil during planting b. Nutrition and pesticide needs should be similar throughout a single crop c. Pests are more likely to attack a monocrop due to the high concentration d. Loss of habitat for natural pest predators e. Reduction of productivity due to loss of nutrient-rich topsoil

b. Nutrition and pesticide needs should be similar throughout a single crop

The root cause of starvation worldwide is a. Poor farming habits in developing nations b. Unequal distribution of food resources c. Extreme poverty in developed nations d. Lack of infrastructure in developed nations to distribute food resources e. Lack of political will to help developing nations

b. Unequal distribution of food resources

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide 250,000 children go blind annually due to a lack of a. Caloric nutrition b. Vitamin A c. Vitamin B d. Vitamin C e. Riboflavin

b. Vitamin A

Early scientists and farmers relied on _______________ to increase the yields of particular plant species a. Genetic Engineering b. Transmodification c. Selective Breeding d. Natural Selection e. Animal Husbandry

c. Selective Breeding

Under what conditions do nomadic grazing and shifting agriculture work? a. Large human populations where economy of scale works in their favor b. Large human populations where conventional agriculture can be applied more easily c. Small human populations where subsistence farming is used d. Small populations where conventional agriculture is used e. Nomadic grazing and shifting agriculture cannot work due to the negative environmental impacts that they have

c. Small human populations where subsistence farming is used

One common definition of famine is a. A large hunger event brought on by natural disaster such as a plague of locusts b. A large hunger event brought on by extreme poverty in developing nations c. Lack of economically available food for more than 25% of the population d. Five deaths per day per 10,000 people due to a lack of food e. Five deaths per day per 1,000,000 people due to lack of food

d. Five deaths per day per 10,000 people due to a lack of food

A steady diet of high calorie, low nutrition fast food may lead to I. Overnutrition II. Malnutrition III. Undernutrition a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I & II e. I, II & III

d. I & II

Which of the following problems is directly associated with irrigation? I Fishery Collapse II Waterlogging III Salinization a. I b. III c. I and II d. II and III e. I, II, and III

d. II and III

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) make meat more economical, but may have some negative environmental impacts. These include all of the following EXCEPT a. High concentrations of animal waste b. Increase in nutrients in stormwater runoff c. Increase in sediments in stormwater runoff d. Increased use of land area over other types of animal farming e. Increase in strains of antibiotic resistant microorganisms

d. Increased use of land area over other types of animal farming

Synthetic fertilizers have many advantages over traditional "organic" animal waste fertilizers. These include all of the following EXCEPT: a. ease of application b. Highly adjustable nutrient content c. Bioavailability of nutrients d. Lack of nutrient runoff problem e. Highly concentrated when produced

d. Lack of nutrient runoff problem

Which of the following statements about sustainable agriculture is NOT true? a. Sustainable agriculture is often based on traditional agriculture techniques b. A key component of sustainable agriculture is soil protection c. Sustainable agriculture is more labor intensive than conventional agriculture, and so cost is an issue in areas with high labor costs d. Sustainable agriculture does not take into account the economic viability of the farmer e. Sustainable agriculture uses techniques such as crop rotation, intercropping, and agroforestry to protect soil substrate and nutrients

d. Sustainable agriculture does not take into account the economic viability of the farmer

After many years of applying the selective pesticide provironex, a farmer notices that the applications seem less effective. This is likely due to a. The fact that provironex is fat soluble and has been bioaccumulating b. Provironex is selective, so other pests are filling the niche from the exterminated ones c. Provironex is persistent, and the farmer should apply less for better results d. The target species has begun to evolve resistance e. Provironex is a wide spectrum pesticide that needs to be fine tuned for the target species

d. The target species has begun to evolve resistance

Which areas of the world are most susceptible to desertification? a. Existing deserts b. Humid Equatorial regions c. Temporal Chaparral d. Areas adjacent to the poles e. Areas adjacent to existing deserts

e. Areas adjacent to existing deserts

Food Security involves I. Economic availability of food II. Social Availability of food III. Physical availability of food a. I only b. I & II c. II only d. II & III e. I, II & III

e. I, II & III

Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) in fisheries management are similar to cap and trade quotas in air pollution management. Which of the following is NOT true of ITQs? a. ITQs show favor to those who have long term histories in the fishery b. Fishermen with ITQs have a secure right to catch their quota c. If a fisherman with an ITQ cannot catch the quota he has the right to sell his quota at market prices d. If a fisherman with an ITQ chooses not to catch the quota he has the right to sell his quota at market prices e. ITQs often lead to intense competition, bigger boats, and more fishing hours

e. ITQs often lead to intense competition, bigger boats, and more fishing hours

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is likely to use all of the following techniques EXCEPT a. crop rotation b. intercropping c. planting herbicide resistant crops d. habitat creation for pest predators e. increased use of traditional pesticides

e. increased use of traditional pesticides

Use the figure. If you input at total of 3,000,000 calories of energy into small-scale corn farming, about how many calories of food will you produce? • 300,000 • 600,000 • 3,000,000 • 6,000,000 • 15,000,000

• 15,000,000

Use the figure. IF you eat 2000 calories of a typical U.S. diet, how many calories of energy was needed to produce the food? • 200 • 400 • 2000 • 10,000 • 20,000

• 20,000

The US accounts for about what percent of worldwide pesticide use? • 95 • 33 • 80 • 57 • 20

• 33%

Which of the following techniques in agriculture is sustainable because it reduces soil erosion by harvesting parallel to the topography of the land? • Nomadic Grazing • Agroforestry • Contour Plowing • No-till• Crop Rotation

• Contour Plowing

Scientists have inserted a gene for the production of vitamin A into rice. This practice of changing the genetic structure of agricultural products to improve desirable traits is known as. • Natural Selection • Animal Husbandry • Selective Breeding • Genetic Engineering • Transmodification

• Genetic Engineering

According to the Environmental Defense Fund, which of the following fish are "best" choices for sustainability? I. Wild Alaskan Salmon II. Chilean Sea Bass III. Farmed Rainbow Trout • I • II • I and II • II and III • I and III

• I and III

Far off shore fishing operations today have larger nets and can stay extended time out in deep ocean water. This could lead to fishery collapse . To prevent fishery collapse some countries are utilizing which of the following? I. Individual Transferable Quotas II. The Sustainable Fisheries Act III. Limited Fishing endangered Species such as Cod • I only • II only • I and III • II and III • I, II and III

• I, II and III

Which of the following are techniques used in the practice of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)? I. No use of pesticides II. Crop Rotation and Use of Pest-resistant Crops III. Providing habitat to encourage predators of the Pest • I only • II only • I and II • II and III • I, II and III

• II and III

What is the main cause of desertification that is causing the Sahara Desert to expand at a rate of 31 miles per year. • Irrigation causes salinization, which leads to shallow roots and topsoil erosion • Low productivity Nomadic Grazing turns feeding ground to desert • Mass conventional tilling turns the soil which leads to impermeable grounds • Synthetic fertilizers lead to decreases plant production • High-Density animal Farming that are raised in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO's)

• Irrigation causes salinization, which leads to shallow roots and topsoil erosion

Which one of the following is not a concern regarding aquaculture? • Use of antibiotics and chemicals • Polluted water water from the food or feces • Juvenile fish are too small and slip through the net • Increase disease of virus's, parasites and bacteria because of high density farming • It will decrease the economies of developing countries

• It will decrease the economies of developing countries

The best sustainable agriculture technique for soil types with low productivity is most likely • No till planting • Shifting Agriculture • Nomadic Grazing • Conventional Agriculture • Traditional Agriculture

• Nomadic Grazing

A substance that kills invertebrates that feed on crops and breaks down relatively rapidly is called a • Persistent insecticide • Pesticide treadmill • Nonpersisten herbicide • Persistent herbicide • Nonpersistent insecticide

• Nonpersistent insecticide

In the US, organic farming is regulated by • OFPA • FIFRA • FSA • CERCLA • TSDA

• OFPA

Which areas of the world are most susceptible to desertification? • Areas adjacent to the poles • Temperate climate with nutrient rich soil • Temporal Chaparral • Semi arid dry nutrient poor soils • Humid equatorial regions

• Semi arid dry nutrient poor soils

Farmers who practice organic agriculture has less of an impact on the environment than farmers who practice industrial agriculture because they... • use no-till agriculture exclusively • import soil to maintain soil fertility • maintain large farms with a single crop • avoid pesticides and synthetic fertilizers • have lower labor costs

• avoid pesticides and synthetic fertilizers

The process of accumulating toxins at higher and higher doses through the food chain is called • biofiltration • bioaccumulation • biodegredation • Concentration magnification • tragedy of the commons

• bioaccumulation

It has been projected that aquaculture could supply about one half the global demand for seafood by 2025. However, future production through aquaculture could be limited because... • concentrated waste from aquaculture facilities contaminates rivers and oceans spreading disease • raising fish in a protected environment could lead to fish population overshoot • the economy of developing countries could be negatively affected • ocean fishing operations would go out of business • the ITQ system would prohibit their expansion

• concentrated waste from aquaculture facilities contaminates rivers and oceans spreading disease

Currently the world's farmers grow enough grain to feed • about a quarter of the world's population • about a third of the world's population • about a half of the world's population • about 75% of the world's population • more than the world's population

• more than the world's population

Which of the following is true of genetically modified organisms? • they could be engineered to be be pesticide resistant leading to increase pesticide use • Increase of GMO's will lead to lower income for farmers and increase price in foods • there are no regulations in the United States that mandate the labeling of GMO's • GMO's are not a concern for human health and biodiversity • None of the following are true of GMO's

• there are no regulations in the United States that mandate the labeling of GMO's