Apes Chapter 6

If an incandescent lightbulb used for lighting has an efficiency rating of 5 percent, then for every 1.00 joule of electrical energy consumed by the bulb, which of the following is produced?

0.05 joules of light energy

A home uses ten 100-watt lightbulbs for five hours per day. Approximately how many kilowatt-hours of electrical energy are consumed in one year by using the lightbulbs?

1825

What was the approximate percent increase in consumption from 1986 to 1997 ?

20%

If the annual consumption of petroleum in the United States is about 23 barrels per capita, the total annual consumption of petroleum in the United States is closest to

6 billion barrels

Uranium-235 has a half-life of 710 million years. If it is determined that a certain amount of stored U-235 will be considered safe only when its radioactivity has dropped to 0.10 percent of the original level, approximately how much time must the U-235 be stored securely to be safe?

7.1 × 10^9 years

At the 1997 rate of consumption, about how long will the estimated 2,000 billion barrels of oil last?

75 years

Which of the following is an environmental problem associated with abandoned coal mines?

Acid drainage due to leaching of spoil heaps by rainwater

In the majority of less developed countries, the major source of energy for domestic use is which of the following?

Biomass

The source whose use is a direct cause of deforestation

Biomass

Which of the following countries has the largest coal reserves?

China

An industry uses natural gas for manufacturing and uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of which of the following processes?

Cogeneration

Which of the following energy sources is not derived directly or indirectly from solar energy?

Geothermal

Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following? I. Storage of water for agriculture and domestic use II. Controlling floods upstream III. Production of renewable energy

I and III only

Which of the following is a true statement about passive solar heating?

It is based in part on the principle of the greenhouse effect.

Negative environmental impacts associated with large-scale hydroelectric projects have been demonstrated in which of the following areas?

James Bay, Quebec

The source that produces long-lived hazardous wastes

Nuclear Fission

The source that is not renewable

Nuclear fission

Of the following sources, which supplies the most commercial energy in the world today?

Oil

Which of the following actions would reduce global greenhouse emissions?

Replacing coal-burning power plants with wind farms

Which of the following is a way for the government to encourage efficient energy use?

Requiring higher fuel economy standards for new cars

The source that is converted directly into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells

Sunlight

Which statement best describes the approximate global distribution of coal supplies?

The United States, the former Soviet Union, and China together contain 50% of proven reserves.

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?

The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase.

Which of the following metals is considered an energy resource?

Uranium

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All of the following substances are derived from petroleum EXCEPT

cellulose

One solution for reducing the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide would be to

decrease the use of fossil fuels

An advantage of using natural gas, rather than oil, as a fuel is that natural gas is

less expensive because most reserves are in the United States

There are various stages in the formation of coal as heat and pressure are increased and moisture content is decreased. These stages, in order, are

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

Environmentalists oppose the mining of antarctic mineral resources because

the antarctic environment is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbances that would accompany development

A sustainable society would emphasize

using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter