APES Exam Unit 3
Population change is calculated using which of the following formulas?
(births + immigration) − (deaths + emigration)
The world population is currently about
7.6 billion people
The exponential rate of growth of the total human population over the past 100 years has been a result of ____.
sharp drop in death rates
What shape in an age-structure chart would best illustrate the effects of the baby-boom in the United States in 2012?
stable base with a slight bulge near the top
Total fertility refers to
the average total number of children born per woman over her lifetime.
Under which conditions would a population grow?
the birth rate exceeds the death rate and no net migration
Countries are grouped in developed and developing countries primarily on the basis of:
wealth, income, and degree of industrialization
A population increases through birth and ____.
immigration
A high incidence of AIDS in a country is least likely to result in a(n) ____.
increase in life expectancy
Which of the following is true of children in developing countries?
they can contribute to family income even at an early age.
Women are least likely to have fewer and healthier children when ____.
they marry at a young age
The table below shows the age of reproductive maturity of various organisms. Which would be MOST prone to becoming extinct based on the data: Organism Age of Reproductive Maturity Cockroach 3 months Tortoise 5 years Horse 12 months Elephant 13 years Mouse 35 days Rabbit 4 months
Elephant
Which country is currently facing a declining population?
Germany
The area in the world where fertility rates are still the highest are in
Sub-Saharan Africa
One key demographic statistic is the percentage of people in a region that are under 15 years of age. Why is this statistic important?
Young people are poised to move into their prime reproductive years.
Infant mortality rate refers to the number of children per 1,000 births that die ____.
before their first birthday
What concept describes the maximum number of people who can live in reasonable comfort and freedom indefinitely?
cultural carrying capacity
Emigration is the ____.
departure movement of individuals from a population to another area
The United States has one of the highest infant mortality rates of developed countries. What is the primary reason for this?
drug addiction among women
In the demographic transition model, death rates fall while birth rates remain high ____.
during the transitional stage
Which factor below is least likely to affect birth and fertility rates today?
number of people 60 or older
Which stage does not belong in the demographic transition model?
pre-transitional
The population profile of a developing country such as Iraq has the shape of a
pyramid.
The crude birth rate is the number of live births per ____ persons in a given year.
1000
Replacement level fertility for a couple is
2.1
The replacement-level fertility rate is ____ for developed countries and ____ for developing countries.
2.1; 2.5
The average TFR in developing countries is usually in the range of
3 to 6
An elected official states that their country will double their population in 14 years! What is the rate at which their population is growing?
5%
According to the demographic transition model, what trend is true of countries in Stage 2: Transitional?
Death rates drop, followed by birth rates.
An age structure diagram has a very wide base and narrow top and looks like a pyramid. Which of the following characteristics would fit a country with this type of age structure diagram?
High infant mortality rates
What circumstance would decrease the likelihood of a couple having a child?
Opportunities for women to participate in education and employment
The rule of 70 is used to estimate
Population doubling time
In developing countries, demographic transition is least likely to be hindered by ____.
an increase in education opportunities for women
The total fertility rate is the ____.
average number of children born to women in their reproductive years
Which statistic is not true of women globally? a. Women own less than 2% of the world's land. b. Women have more children if they are educated. c. Women account for 66% of all hours worked but receive only 10% of world's income. d. Women make up 70% of the world's poor.
b. Women have more children if they are educated.
Population growth rates are high in developing countries because
children are often an important economic advantage
Environmental refugees typically migrate to ____.
escape water or food shortages
What is replacement level fertility?
fertility rate that replaces the parents
Which of the following best describes world population growth over the last few decades?
growth rate has declined but population continues to increase.
Rapidly growing countries have an age structure diagram that ____.
has a broad-based pyramid
Countries that have reached zero population growth have an age structure diagram that ____.
has little variation in prereproductive and reproductive age groups
Which of the following is true of the status of women in developing countries? a. women are given equal opportunities in education and employment. b. women are not interested in further education or employment. c. lack of education and discrimination limit economic opportunities for women. d. lack of education does not limit economic opportunities for women.
lack of education and discrimination limit economic opportunities for women.
Two useful indicators of overall health in a country or region are ____.
life expectancy and infant mortality rate
Too much or too little of any physical or chemical factor can prevent the growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimum conditions. What is this ecological principle?
limiting factor
An age structure diagram plots the number or percentage of ____.
males and females among age groups in a population
Which factor is more likely to increase the likelihood of a couple having a child (rather than decrease the likelihood)?
need for child to be part of the labor force
