APES MIDTERM

Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean is a model for balancing nature and human needs because in the eighteenth century a french governor

ordered sensitive areas such as steep slopes to be preserved in forests

the second law of thermodynamics states that as energy moves through different forms and systems, it gradually

dissipate and becomes unavailable

the idea of stewardship is that humans have a _______ the environment

duty to care for

to say that environmental scientists is a mission oriented means it is

oriented toward solving problems

If everybody in the world used resources at the rate that people in the United States do,

our current resources would run out quickly

in general as per capita GDP rises both ______ and _______ inverse

percentage of safe drinking water adult literacy

water vapor, water and ice are examples of

phases of matter

in the fourth century BC the philosopher plato wrote of the erosion and deforestation that _______ greece

had stripped the fine soils and forests of

which of the filling is an ecosystem

high biodiversity water purification Production of food decomposition of waste

the fundamental basis of environmental science as a decline is the

human impact on the earth

sustainable development means

improving people's lives in the present in a way that can continue far into the future

the first Novel Prize for environmental action was awarded

in 2004 to wangari maathai

critics of sustainable development suggest that we are limited by

non-renewable resources and the capacity of the biosphere to absorb waste

which of the following has the highest quality energy

a rock rolling downhill

About ___ of the world's people currently lack access to clean water, adequate diet, basic sanitation, and other essential needs

1.4 billion

there is concerting over the contained ability to provide adequate food for our rowing population because

2/3 of all agricultural lands show signs of dergation

the worlds populations is now more than

7 billion

DNA contains billions of atoms and it is very large. it would be considered a

compound

In chemical terms water (H2O) would best be described as a(n)

compound

supplies of fossil fuels are

Being steadily depleted

the national park service reflects a _______ approach wile the first service reflects a __________ approach

Biocentric preservationist Pragmatic utilitarian conservationist

Environmental justice can be seen as

Both a local and an international issue

one way to dearest the size of our ecological footprint is to

Decrease consumption rates

the issue that racial and ethnic minorities face unusually high exposure to environmental hazards is a central argument to

Environmental justice

lead poisoning in children is an example that exemplifies the problem of _______ for minority children in the United states

Environmental racism

metabolism is a collective term for thousands of

Enzymatic reactions necessary for life

which have the most diverse diet

Omnivores

the earliest documented recognition that misses of the natural environment can have nasty consequences was

Plato's writing 2500 years ago

ecologists study

Relationships between organisms and their environment

which countries listed are in the top 5 with respect to sustainable development

Sweden Finland new zealand

the second law of thermodynamics states that

Whenever energy is used, some becomes converted to a form less available to do work

evidence of progress in reducing overpopulation and the increased strain on the environment it causes is best illustrated by

a decrease in the average number of children born to each women

biocentric preservationists first led by John muir advocate saving natural areas for there

aesthetic an spiritual values and wildlife habitat

Nobel laureate Paul trutzen estimate that at least 3 million people die each year from diseases triggered by

air pollution

Biocentric preservation is a philosophy that supports the belief that

all living thins have a fundamental right to exist and pursue their own interests

the productivity of an ecosystem refers the the

amount of biological material produced during a certain period of time

some of today's leading environmental thinkers, such as Dr. Wangari Maathai of Kenya

are linking impoverish environmental quality with social progress

DNA molecules

are unique to every individual

the world's poorest people typically ________ environmental degradation

are victims and causes of

the smallest particle exhibiting the characteristics of an element is an

atom

the smallest particle that exhibits the characteristics of a chemical element is know as an

atom

A compound is composed of

atoms

proponents of sustainable development argue that

development can proceed with minimal costs to the environment

the position that nature deserves to be protected in its own right is called

biocentric preservation

the conservation of matter principle is that matter

can neither be created nor destroyed

Photosynthesis and respiration are most significant in the _______ cycle

carbon

the distinction between and organic compound and an inorganic compound is that organic compounds contain

carbon-carbon bonds

another word for "steward" is

caretaker

molecules which regulate chemical processes without being used up are called

catalysts

an enzyme _______ a chemical reactions and ________ so it is ready to preform the reaction again

catalyzes: is not consumed as it is used

what country uses the most coal to produce electricity

china

most of the early scientific studies of environmental damage were done by

colonial administrators who were ofter trained scientists

Modern Environmentalism in part led by David brewer and Barry Commoner is becoming all established in the United States. One of the main reasons for this is probably the _______ in the modern moment

combinations of activism and research

most environmental problems result from

complex, interrelated problems

a population

consists of all individual of a given species living in the same area

organic compounds are those substances

containing and rings of carbon atoms

one major difference affecting the scope of environmental issues of the past and present is the

current ability to alter the natural world though technology

the final breakdown and recycling of organic material is accomplished by

decomposers

A(n) _______ is a tabulation of the demands placed on nature by individuals or nations

ecological footprint

which of the following is a form of energy

electricity, food, heat, light

Ethics should guide decisions made regarding

environmental issues economic issues Development issues social justice issues

the branch of philosophy concerned with the distinction between right and wrong and the ultimate worth of actors of things is

ethics

there's are problems being addressed by environmental sciences

finding resources for a human population growing almost 80 million a year providing clean drinking water assessing and finding solutions to climate change creating processes that promoter sustainability in everyday life

utilitarian conservationists tend to believe that resources should be saved because there are important

for a strong economic system

sustainable development ideally improves living conditions

for generations in the future

which of the filling presently provides 80 precent of the energy used in industrialized colonies

fossil fuels

If everyone in the world lived a lifestyle similar to the average US citizen we would need _____ more planets to support everyone

four

nucleic acid is to ______ as lipid is to______

genetic storage cellular membrane structure

at the end of the twentieth century ________ have been added to environmental thinking

global concerns

the mineral king valley court is important in environmental history because it was a cause that argued for the

inherent value of trees rocks and wildlife

a carbon skin is a a place where carbon

is stored after removal form the atmosphere

the law of conservation of matter tells us that matter

is used repeatedly

atoms of the same element that have different atomic mass are called

isotopes

Pragmatic conservationists, including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt, supported forest conservation in order to protect

jobs and homes for people

the motion of a rock rolling downhill is known as ______ energy

kenetic

a fat or oil is to a _______ as an enzyme is to a _______

lipid protein

sustainable development differs from traditional economic development in that in emphasizes economic development in the

long term

how are matter and mass related

mass is a component of matter

According to the UN Environment Programme how many species have gone extinct in the past century?

more then 800

the _____ cycle is the most dependent on a variety off types of bacteria that shift the element among several different chemical forms

nitrogen

environmentalism stemming from the publications of Rachel Carson's silent spring differed from earlier North American conservation perspectives by

placing more emphasis on pollution problems

which two kinds of organisms introduce energy to an ecosystem

plants and algae

which of the filling areas does environmental science draw informations from to anilin soling problems

political science, chemistry, ecology, and sociology

the approach that reflects the philosophy that there is waste in neglecting the development an Duse of certain natural resources would best be described as

pragmatic utilitarian conservation

which of the following is a type of organic molecule

proteins lipids nucleic acids Carbohydrates

Which of the following factors will lead to violent conflicts

racial antagonisms access to water natural resource degradation religious conflicts

cellular respiration is that process by which organisms

release energy fro sugar for metabolic use

the world "environment" as used in environmental science does not include

solutions to problems

a group of individuals of a particular type that are able to successfully interbreed is called a

species

potential energy is

stored

environmental science is a _____

systematic approach in learning about the environment

The term "toxic colonialism" has been used in describing

the exportation of toxic wastes to poor communities

property is usually passed form one generation to the next through

the lack of viable opportunities

a cell is

the smallest unit in which life processes go on

------- constitutes 4.6 precent of the world's people yet produces about 50 precent of all toxic waste

the united states

the word "environment" comes from a French word that means

to surround

the history of conservators and environmentalism is

traceable will back into human history

the first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter are similar in that

under normal circumstances neither energy nor matter created nor destroyed

What implication(s) does the law of conservation of matter have for humans?

we cannot create energy because it is neither created nor destroyed as matter is recycled it looses some of its integrity so we need to be careful when we dispose of goods natural resources are unlimited because they are used and rescued by living organisms disposable goods are not going "away" when we throw them out

Pollution problems

were recognized at least as early as the eleventh century