APES MIDTERM
Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean is a model for balancing nature and human needs because in the eighteenth century a french governor
ordered sensitive areas such as steep slopes to be preserved in forests
the second law of thermodynamics states that as energy moves through different forms and systems, it gradually
dissipate and becomes unavailable
the idea of stewardship is that humans have a _______ the environment
duty to care for
to say that environmental scientists is a mission oriented means it is
oriented toward solving problems
If everybody in the world used resources at the rate that people in the United States do,
our current resources would run out quickly
in general as per capita GDP rises both ______ and _______ inverse
percentage of safe drinking water adult literacy
water vapor, water and ice are examples of
phases of matter
in the fourth century BC the philosopher plato wrote of the erosion and deforestation that _______ greece
had stripped the fine soils and forests of
which of the filling is an ecosystem
high biodiversity water purification Production of food decomposition of waste
the fundamental basis of environmental science as a decline is the
human impact on the earth
sustainable development means
improving people's lives in the present in a way that can continue far into the future
the first Novel Prize for environmental action was awarded
in 2004 to wangari maathai
critics of sustainable development suggest that we are limited by
non-renewable resources and the capacity of the biosphere to absorb waste
which of the following has the highest quality energy
a rock rolling downhill
About ___ of the world's people currently lack access to clean water, adequate diet, basic sanitation, and other essential needs
1.4 billion
there is concerting over the contained ability to provide adequate food for our rowing population because
2/3 of all agricultural lands show signs of dergation
the worlds populations is now more than
7 billion
DNA contains billions of atoms and it is very large. it would be considered a
compound
In chemical terms water (H2O) would best be described as a(n)
compound
supplies of fossil fuels are
Being steadily depleted
the national park service reflects a _______ approach wile the first service reflects a __________ approach
Biocentric preservationist Pragmatic utilitarian conservationist
Environmental justice can be seen as
Both a local and an international issue
one way to dearest the size of our ecological footprint is to
Decrease consumption rates
the issue that racial and ethnic minorities face unusually high exposure to environmental hazards is a central argument to
Environmental justice
lead poisoning in children is an example that exemplifies the problem of _______ for minority children in the United states
Environmental racism
metabolism is a collective term for thousands of
Enzymatic reactions necessary for life
which have the most diverse diet
Omnivores
the earliest documented recognition that misses of the natural environment can have nasty consequences was
Plato's writing 2500 years ago
ecologists study
Relationships between organisms and their environment
which countries listed are in the top 5 with respect to sustainable development
Sweden Finland new zealand
the second law of thermodynamics states that
Whenever energy is used, some becomes converted to a form less available to do work
evidence of progress in reducing overpopulation and the increased strain on the environment it causes is best illustrated by
a decrease in the average number of children born to each women
biocentric preservationists first led by John muir advocate saving natural areas for there
aesthetic an spiritual values and wildlife habitat
Nobel laureate Paul trutzen estimate that at least 3 million people die each year from diseases triggered by
air pollution
Biocentric preservation is a philosophy that supports the belief that
all living thins have a fundamental right to exist and pursue their own interests
the productivity of an ecosystem refers the the
amount of biological material produced during a certain period of time
some of today's leading environmental thinkers, such as Dr. Wangari Maathai of Kenya
are linking impoverish environmental quality with social progress
DNA molecules
are unique to every individual
the world's poorest people typically ________ environmental degradation
are victims and causes of
the smallest particle exhibiting the characteristics of an element is an
atom
the smallest particle that exhibits the characteristics of a chemical element is know as an
atom
A compound is composed of
atoms
proponents of sustainable development argue that
development can proceed with minimal costs to the environment
the position that nature deserves to be protected in its own right is called
biocentric preservation
the conservation of matter principle is that matter
can neither be created nor destroyed
Photosynthesis and respiration are most significant in the _______ cycle
carbon
the distinction between and organic compound and an inorganic compound is that organic compounds contain
carbon-carbon bonds
another word for "steward" is
caretaker
molecules which regulate chemical processes without being used up are called
catalysts
an enzyme _______ a chemical reactions and ________ so it is ready to preform the reaction again
catalyzes: is not consumed as it is used
what country uses the most coal to produce electricity
china
most of the early scientific studies of environmental damage were done by
colonial administrators who were ofter trained scientists
Modern Environmentalism in part led by David brewer and Barry Commoner is becoming all established in the United States. One of the main reasons for this is probably the _______ in the modern moment
combinations of activism and research
most environmental problems result from
complex, interrelated problems
a population
consists of all individual of a given species living in the same area
organic compounds are those substances
containing and rings of carbon atoms
one major difference affecting the scope of environmental issues of the past and present is the
current ability to alter the natural world though technology
the final breakdown and recycling of organic material is accomplished by
decomposers
A(n) _______ is a tabulation of the demands placed on nature by individuals or nations
ecological footprint
which of the following is a form of energy
electricity, food, heat, light
Ethics should guide decisions made regarding
environmental issues economic issues Development issues social justice issues
the branch of philosophy concerned with the distinction between right and wrong and the ultimate worth of actors of things is
ethics
there's are problems being addressed by environmental sciences
finding resources for a human population growing almost 80 million a year providing clean drinking water assessing and finding solutions to climate change creating processes that promoter sustainability in everyday life
utilitarian conservationists tend to believe that resources should be saved because there are important
for a strong economic system
sustainable development ideally improves living conditions
for generations in the future
which of the filling presently provides 80 precent of the energy used in industrialized colonies
fossil fuels
If everyone in the world lived a lifestyle similar to the average US citizen we would need _____ more planets to support everyone
four
nucleic acid is to ______ as lipid is to______
genetic storage cellular membrane structure
at the end of the twentieth century ________ have been added to environmental thinking
global concerns
the mineral king valley court is important in environmental history because it was a cause that argued for the
inherent value of trees rocks and wildlife
a carbon skin is a a place where carbon
is stored after removal form the atmosphere
the law of conservation of matter tells us that matter
is used repeatedly
atoms of the same element that have different atomic mass are called
isotopes
Pragmatic conservationists, including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt, supported forest conservation in order to protect
jobs and homes for people
the motion of a rock rolling downhill is known as ______ energy
kenetic
a fat or oil is to a _______ as an enzyme is to a _______
lipid protein
sustainable development differs from traditional economic development in that in emphasizes economic development in the
long term
how are matter and mass related
mass is a component of matter
According to the UN Environment Programme how many species have gone extinct in the past century?
more then 800
the _____ cycle is the most dependent on a variety off types of bacteria that shift the element among several different chemical forms
nitrogen
environmentalism stemming from the publications of Rachel Carson's silent spring differed from earlier North American conservation perspectives by
placing more emphasis on pollution problems
which two kinds of organisms introduce energy to an ecosystem
plants and algae
which of the filling areas does environmental science draw informations from to anilin soling problems
political science, chemistry, ecology, and sociology
the approach that reflects the philosophy that there is waste in neglecting the development an Duse of certain natural resources would best be described as
pragmatic utilitarian conservation
which of the following is a type of organic molecule
proteins lipids nucleic acids Carbohydrates
Which of the following factors will lead to violent conflicts
racial antagonisms access to water natural resource degradation religious conflicts
cellular respiration is that process by which organisms
release energy fro sugar for metabolic use
the world "environment" as used in environmental science does not include
solutions to problems
a group of individuals of a particular type that are able to successfully interbreed is called a
species
potential energy is
stored
environmental science is a _____
systematic approach in learning about the environment
The term "toxic colonialism" has been used in describing
the exportation of toxic wastes to poor communities
property is usually passed form one generation to the next through
the lack of viable opportunities
a cell is
the smallest unit in which life processes go on
------- constitutes 4.6 precent of the world's people yet produces about 50 precent of all toxic waste
the united states
the word "environment" comes from a French word that means
to surround
the history of conservators and environmentalism is
traceable will back into human history
the first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter are similar in that
under normal circumstances neither energy nor matter created nor destroyed
What implication(s) does the law of conservation of matter have for humans?
we cannot create energy because it is neither created nor destroyed as matter is recycled it looses some of its integrity so we need to be careful when we dispose of goods natural resources are unlimited because they are used and rescued by living organisms disposable goods are not going "away" when we throw them out
Pollution problems
were recognized at least as early as the eleventh century