APES unit 1

Which of the following best describes a terrestrial ecosystem that will have the highest net primary productivity?

Warm temperatures, high rainfall, and consistent sunlight

Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere

Photosynthesis

Select the key processes involved in the carbon cycle

Photosynthesis respiration and combustion

This process is responsible for most environmental problems of excess nitrogen and phosphorus entering streams, lakes and oceans

Agriculture and household runoff

Which of the following types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification?

Bacteria

This rate of reaction can be measured in the dark by determining the amount of oxygen gas consumed in a period of time.

Cellular respiration

Interspecific competition is most likely to happen between

Geographically similar species with similar niches

The rate at which photosynthetic primary producers incorporate energy from the sun is called

Gross Primary production

Which of the following is an atmospheric nitrogen

N2

Describe the process of primary productivity.

Primary productivity is the rate of photosynthesis in an ecosystem.

Identify a tertiary consumer

The gulls are tertiary consumers.

What is coral bleaching

When coral reefs expel their algae due to stress, exposing the polyps. They are unable to grow and repair themselves without the algae. corals become white due to various stressors, such as changes in temperature, light, or nutrients

Which of the following best describes what is represented by the arrows in the food web?

the flow of energy

Based on the second law of thermodynamics, how much biomass of phytoplankton would be needed to produce 1 kilogram (kg) of large fish in this food web?

1,000 kg

This is not a part of the phosphorus cycle

Atmospheric phosphate

Herbivores, carnivores , and scavengers all belong to which niche below

Consumers

No to species can occupy the same niche with that one being driven to extinction

Competitive exclusion

This biome is found in shallow waters off the coastline and is Earth's most biologically diverse marine biome

Coral reefs

In what zone of the ocean does photosynthesis occur

Photic zone

This biome contains a nutrient-rich environment created by falling leaves and trapped organic materials from the large trees, and it provides the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants from water.

Freshwater wetlands

Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage to the next. Which statement best explains how the energy is transferred?

If a primary producer stores 10,000kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer will have 10kcal of energy available.

Which of the following is true regarding mangroves

Mangroves are salt tolerant and protect the shoreline from erosion

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

Mutualism

Bacteria fix nitrogen in on plant roots plant roots provide sugar to bacteria this is example of

Mutualism

In reef ecosystems, corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients, and the coral give shelter to the algae. Which of the following interactions best describes the relationship between the corals and the algae?

Mutualism

What is the first step in the nitrogen cycle, in which gaseous nitrogen is converted to ammonia

Nitrogen fixation

Which of the following processes is illustrated by the downward arrows from the atmosphere that show the conversion of nitrogen gas into usable forms available to producers?

Nitrogen fixation

Identify a primary producer

On the food web , seaweed is a primary producer

Besides banning all harvest of crabs, describe one potential realistic strategy to increase the population of crabs.

One potential strategy to increase the population of crabs is limiting how much each person can catch.

Describe one short-term , direct effect that over harvesting crabs would have on the food web

One short term direct effect over overharvsting crabs would lead to an increase of the sea snail population.

Which biome contains the aphotic zone

Open ocean

Plants use this to create ATP it is subtracted from GPP to get them NPP

Respiration

This freshwater biome is characterized by fast-flowing water that can originate from underground springs or runoff, which carries sediment and organic material.

Rivers

What process is part of the Hydrological (water) cycle

Transpiration

Which of the following best identifies a key component of the hydrologic cycle that powers the movement of water and is missing from the diagram?

The sun

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity?

Tropical rain forest

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest primary productivity per unit area?

Tropical rain forest

Which biome covers most of the landmass near the earths equator

Tropical rainforest

Which of the following best describes an example of resource partitioning in an ecosystem?

Two different bird species feed from the same oak tree; one eats acorns, and the other eats insects in the bark.

The most important abiotic factors when setting biomes are

Water and temperature

Tropical trees that grow in coastal wetland areas and have roots with breathing pores

mangroves

The majority of the nitrogen on Earth can be found in which of the following reservoirs?

the atmosphere

What is an ecosystem ?

All living and nonliving things in a given area

Which trophic level has the least available energy in kilojoules in this food web?

Killer whale

Which of the following describes the most likely change to terrestrial biomes resulting from warmer average global temperatures?

The global distribution of midlatitude biomes, such as grasslands and temperate rain forests, would increase.

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not affected

Commensalism

The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area.

Gross primary productivity

Nitrogen is essential for living organisms to make

Proteins

birds live in eat in different areas of the same tree and avoid having the same niche. this is known as

Resource partitioning

Scientist have detected a dramatic decrease in usable nitrogen levels in the soil of a local ecosystem which of the following is a likely series explain this problem?

A decrease in bacterial colonies in the soil

How is the majority of usable energy within an ecosystem lost

Heat loss

The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis.

Net primary productivity

Which of the following statements is best supported by the diagram of the phosphorus cycle?

The phosphates absorbed by animal tissue through consumption eventually return to the soil.

Six white-tailed deer and six sika deer were enclosed in a pasture for observation during an eight-year study in central Texas. White-tailed deer are a native species to central Texas, while sika deer are a nonnative species to central Texas. White-tailed deer feed on flowering plants and the tips of trees and shrubs but do not eat grass. Sika deer feed on flowering plants, the tips of trees and shrubs, and grass. All other grazing animals were kept out of the pasture during the study. The number of sika deer more than doubled after the eight years, while the population of white-tailed deer decreased by 50 percent.

The sika deer out competed the white-tailed deer in consuming flowering plants and shrubs.

Farmers in a suburban coastal town started using no-till agriculture, a practice that reduces soil erosion from their farmland. Use the image above to determine which of the following long-term effects no-till agriculture will have on the ecosystem surrounding the farmland.

There will be less algal growth in the nearby ocean.

Of the following, which occupies the lowest trophic level

rabbit

Which of the following smaller reservoirs of freshwater are missing from the diagram?

Ice caps

The type of plant that hosts the bacteria in its roots nodules is a

Legumes

Which of the following trophic levels represents a primary producer in an aquatic food chain?

Phytoplankton

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in most terrestrial and near-surface marine ecosystems?

Producers use energy from the sun to make organic matter, such as sugars, from carbon dioxide and water and are then consumed by organisms higher in the food chain.

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles includes the processes of buffering ocean pH and photosynthesis, as shown in the diagram?

The carbon cycle

Identify two organisms that compete for the same food source

The urchins and limpets fight for the same food source.

What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

They recycle matter and nutrients to form fossil fuels

How is carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere

Through photosynthesis