APES Unit 1B Test

parasitism

When one organism benefits at the expense of the other (Humans and mosquitoes)

commensalism

When one organism benefits while the other is unaffected (Owls nesting in a tree)

interspecific

When the competition occurs between different species

intraspecific

When the competition occurs within members of the same species

Mutalism

When the relationship benefits both organisms, (Polination: Bee and flower)

Aphotic

Absence of light (Bathal zone... Benthic zone... dead matter from sky becomes food source)

Zooplankton

(Capepod) animal like organisms like jellyfish or single celled protists.

Benthos

Bottom-dwellers-Sea Stars, Lobsters, Mussels

Mangrove swamps

Coastal Wetland that with salt tolerant trees that help protect from erosion and storm damage. Usually found in tropical to subtropical areas of the world and are very nutrient rich environments.

Barnacles are sea creatures that create a home by attaching themselves to whales. The whales are unaffected by the barnacles. Which term best describes this symbiotic relationship?

Commensalism

Coral reefs

Earth's most diverse biome that can be found along warm, shallow waters. Coral are colonial animals secrete Calcium carbonate as a skeleton and has a symbiotic relationships with algae to feed and produce oxygen. Usually nutrient poor water but it provides a ton of habitat space and brings other species to the area.

A species that plays a far more important in its community than its relative abundance might suggest.

Keystone Species

Nitrogen fixing bacteria, lives in nodules on the root of a plant called

Legumes

Where is carbon stored in the environment?

Most carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, while the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere, and living organisms. These are the reservoirs, or sinks, through which carbon cycles.

Evidence shows that some grasses benefit from being grazed. Which of the following terms would best describe this plant-herbivore interaction?

Mutualism

Ostriches and gazelles are two animals that live in Africa. They graze for food near each other because they help each other spot predators. The gazelle has excellent eyesight, but poor hearing, and the ostrich has excellent hearing, but poor eyesight. These two animals will alert one another when danger is near. Which term best describes this relationship?

Mutualism

A cuckoo and a warbler are both birds. A cuckoo will find the nest of warbler instead of building her own, and she harms the warbler by knocking a warbler egg out of nest and laying her own. When the warbler mother returns, she isn't aware of the switch. The warbler will then raise the baby cuckoo bird instead of her own baby. Which term best describes this relationship?

Parasitism

A relationship between two species where one benefits while the other is harmed.

Parasitism

Photic

Receives light (where photosynthesis occurs)

A particular golf course is using large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. What process could move this nitrogen into a local stream?

Runoff

Nekton

STRONG swimmers and consumers-Fish, sea turtles, etc.

What is the largest reservoir for nitrogen?

The atmosphere

Benthic zone

The bottom

symbiosis

The closest relationships of all are symbiosis. These involve a lot of close contact between two species.

What is the largest reservoir for water?

The ocean

Limnetic zone

The open water zone Sunlight reaches both of these since they are measure as distance from the shore

The ecological niches of three bird species are shown in the diagram. What is the advantage of each bird species having a different niche?

There is less competition for food.

Estuaries

These are bodies of water that are partially enclosed and can consist of a number of different ecosystems. Coastal Wetlands are areas of land that are fully saturated at least part of the year. -Salt Marshes-Sea Grass beds-Mangrove Forests

Sea grass beds

These are found in shallow coastal waters and resemble a grassland that is underwater. Found in salty and brackish waters.Sea Grasses are flowering plants that have long stems and live in a 3 to 9 foot depth range since productivity is super high.

Salt Marshes

These are going to be wetlands that are regularly flooded by tides and dominated by non-woody plants. Extremely productive ecosystems due to high nutrient organic material that is being delivered through tidal system. Important filtration and habitat site.

Food plain zone

These are where the river widen and become slower. Water is often warmer and we have deposition from upstream. Nutrients and sediments are highest here.

The Coastal Zone

This is going to extend from your high tide mark to the end of the Continental Shelf.-This is the most biodiverse location of the ocean. -Sunlight and Nutrients are abundant and plentiful here

Mouth

This is where freshwater opens to a larger body of water, usually the ocean.

Profundal Zone

This is where sunlight stops reaching. Nutrients are low due to no plants and decomposers live here so they can recycle dead things. Dissolved oxygen is low as well.

Profundal zone

This is where sunlight stops reaching. Nutrients are low due to no plants and decomposers live here so they can recycle dead things. Dissolved oxygen is low as well.

Nitrogen fixation is the process in which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas into

ammonia

What converts nitrogen into a useable form for plants and animals?

bacteria

Decomposers

break down dead organisms into reusable nutrients.

Plankton

free floating or WEAK swimming organisms (Jellyfish)

Source zone

generally cold, clear, rich water that is low in nutrients. Usually swift moving.

Turbidity

how cloudy the water is due to various particles in it

Salinity

how much salt has broken down -Water Temperature-Amount of Sunlight-Availability of Dissolved Oxygen-Nutrients

A relationship between two species in which both species compete for limited resources such that both species are negatively affected by the relationship

interspecific competition

Eutrophic lakes

lakes with high amounts of nutrients and high productivity

Oligotrophic Lakes

lakes with low nutrients and little biological productivity

Which cycle DOESN'T have an atmosphere component (part)?

phosphorus

What is the only process that removes carbon from the atmosphere?

photosynthesis

Phytoplankton

plant like organisms that include algae

A coyote captures, kills, and eats a rabbit. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?

predation

The differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community is known as

resource partitioning

Littoral zone

shallow part of the zone and the most biodiverse. Plants and fish congregate here. Most photosynthesis occurs here

Transition zone

streams become wider, deeper, and are warmed by the sun allowing a greater productivity. Contains more sediments and more nutrients than source zone.

Brackish water

the mixture of freshwater and saltwater

The carbon in coal, oil, and natural gas came from

the remains of dead organisms

The Intertidal Zone

this is the zone that exists between the tides, which is about every 6 hours. this is the zone that exists between the tides, which is about every 6 hours. This area changes in its conditions because part of the time it is submerged, and others it is exposed.