Apes Unit 2

The zone that has the greatest biodiversity

A - look for the greatest amount

Describe the role of pioneer species an early succession

Pioneer species have very few basic needs light water they can colonize barren land by breaking down rock to obtain minerals

Which of the following ecosystem services is categorized as regulating?

Pollination, decomposition, and water purification

Long-term differences in which two variables are the primary determinants of climate?

Precipitation and temperature

Succession that occurs in an area with NO SOIL

Primary succession

Ecosystems provide the conditions for growing food.

Provisioning

Species richness

Refers to the number of different species found in an ecosystem

Ecological tolerance

Refers to the range of conditions, such as temperatures, salinity, flow rate, and sunlight that an organism can endure before injury or death results

Ecosystems and living organisms create buffers against natural disasters, thereby preventing possible damage.

Regulating

Erosion prevention and maintenance of soil fertility: Soil erosion is a key factor in the process of land degradation and desertification.

Regulating

Speciation, the formation of a new species, requires

Reproductive isolation within a population

What is an succession?

Series of gradual changes that occur after a disturbance

Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?

Small islands have fewer resources and as a result may have fewer species

The relative abundance of individuals within each species refers to the

Species Evenness

Habitats provide everything that an individual plant or animal needs to survive: food; water; and shelter.

Supporting

Some habitats have an exceptionally high number of species which makes them more genetically diverse than others and are known as "biodiversity hotspots.

Supporting

What is speciation?

The change from one species into two or more distinct species.

Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming?

The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification

Soil organisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi, impact the rate of succession in ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi have a mutualistic relationship with the various species of plants and increase the plants growth and survival. Sand dunes often like mycorrhizal fungi, and a researcher wanted to determine the effect of adding mycorrhizal species to sand on disturbed beaches on grass growth. The researcher set up various mycorrhizal communities at disturbed beaches in different locations on the East Coast of the United States identify the independent variable in the study

The independent variable in the study would be the mycorrhizal fungi species

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following best predicts the effect of the introduction of an invasive species on Easter Island compared to Madagascar?

The native species on Madagascar are more likely to survive because the island is larger and provides a greater diversity of habitats and resources.

Identify the oldest stage of succession shown in the figure above example of above is forest , scrubland, grassland , bare sand beach, lake

The oldest would be the bear sand beach or the forest

Succession in a disturbed ecosystem will affect the what?

The total biomass, species richness, and net productivity overtime

Introduced or invasive species are often difficult because:

They often lack natural predators

What is the most important function of pioneer species?

To create soil and add nutrients to the environment

Soil organisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi, impact the rate of succession in ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi have a mutualistic relationship with the various species of plants and increase the plants growth and survival. Sand dunes often like mycorrhizal fungi, and a researcher wanted to determine the effect of adding mycorrhizal species to sand on disturbed beaches on grass growth. The researcher set up various mycorrhizal communities at disturbed beaches in different locations on the East Coast of the United States identify the dependent variable in the study

To see the grass growth changes in the different locations by adding the fungi

lichens, mosses, grasses, and other low-growing plants are common vegetation in this biome due to the permafrost, low rainfall, and very cold temperatures

Tundra

The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are....

Water and temperature

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem service that would provide protection from a hurricane storm surge?

An intact coastal wetland

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it?

An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland

An island off the coast of Africa contains a larger percentage of specialist species than generalist species. Which of the following describes the most immediate effect If an invasive generalist species is introduced to the island?

As competition for resources increases, the population size of the island's specialist species will decrease

Ecosystems and biodiversity play an important role for many kinds of tourism which in turn provides considerable economic benefits and is a vital source of income for many countries.

Cultural

Explain one adaptation that helps grasses succeed in grasslands rather than forests

Weather can be one of adaptation of grass succession another of example could be how soil can adapt to be healthier nutrients for the plants

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation found in plants living in the desert?

Breaking down stored fats to produce needed water

a stable ecological community that has reached equilibrium

Climax community

When a population changes in response to changes in another species, this is known as...

Coevolution

Which of the following aquatic ecosystems has the highest biodiversity (per m?)?

Coral reef

Which biome is represented by the climatograph?

Desert

Based on the information above, which ecosystem most likely experienced a recent population bottleneck?

Ecosystem A, because its lOw genetic diversity could have resulted from an event that reduced the variation in The gene pool

A team of ecologists are studying four different ecosystems with varying levels of biodiversity. The ecologists categorize the different levels of biodiversitv for the four ecosvstems Genetic Diversity species Diversiy habitat diversity Ecosystem A LOW LOW medium Ecosvstem B Medium High Medium Ecosystem C High LOW LOW Ecosvstem D Medium Low high Based on the information above, which ecosystem would most likely recover the rastest from a natural disruption?

Ecosystem B medium genetic diversity high species medium habitat

Which kind of ecosystems would more likely recover from disruptions?

Ecosystems that have a large number of species are more likely to recover from disruptions

The eutrophication that has taken place in Chesapeake Bay, the Gulf of Mexico, and other locations appears to be due to

Excess nutrients from fertilizers

What do the areas between the Equator and the lines of latitude 30 degrees north and south have?

Hot tropical climates

This species is often the first to suffer when the environmental conditions begins to decline

Indicator Species

The study of rates of colonization and extinction of species on islands or other isolated areas is known as

Island biogeography

Which is NOT a factor in the theory of island biogeography?

Islands farther from the continent have more species due to increased speciation

Why is biodiversity important in fighting disease in food crops?

It prevents one disease from wiping out an entire food crop.

a species that influences the survival of many other species is known as a...

Keystone species

After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?

Lichens > Grasses Shrubs -> Trees

Which of the following does NOT have an affect on a region's climate?

Longitude

Loss of habitat leads to a

Lots of specialist species, followed by a loss of general species. It also leads to reduced numbers of species that have large territorial requirements

Which of the following is true regarding mangroves?

Mangrove plants are salt tolerant and protect the shoreline from erosion.

Identify a pioneer species that could be found in an ecosystem

Moss/algae/ lichens only give one example when asked

What are examples of pioneer species in a primary succession?

Mossess and Lichens

Individuals with favorable traits survive, reproduce, and pass their traits onto their offspring. This is called:

Natural Selection

Which of the following tends to be the limiting factor in terrestrial biomes?

Nitrogen and Phosphorous in the soil

Based on the information above, which of the following best describes Ecosystem C?

Nsiow habitat aversity indicates that Ecosvstem o most iikely has a low number of specialist specles and few species that utilize large terrtories.

What is an organism's niche?

an organisms role in an environment

This figure shows three warblers with different niches in a spruce tree habitat. The warblers are feeding in different areas of the tree which allows them to avoid

competing with one another for food

Which area would have less biodiversity?

desert

The three types of biodiversity are

genetic, species and ecosystem

Tropical rainforests

have soils that have relatively low levels of nutrients

Which statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection?

some bacteria were resistant to penicillin and their population spread rapidly, without competition from bacteria that were killed by penicillin