Apes Unit 2
The zone that has the greatest biodiversity
A - look for the greatest amount
Describe the role of pioneer species an early succession
Pioneer species have very few basic needs light water they can colonize barren land by breaking down rock to obtain minerals
Which of the following ecosystem services is categorized as regulating?
Pollination, decomposition, and water purification
Long-term differences in which two variables are the primary determinants of climate?
Precipitation and temperature
Succession that occurs in an area with NO SOIL
Primary succession
Ecosystems provide the conditions for growing food.
Provisioning
Species richness
Refers to the number of different species found in an ecosystem
Ecological tolerance
Refers to the range of conditions, such as temperatures, salinity, flow rate, and sunlight that an organism can endure before injury or death results
Ecosystems and living organisms create buffers against natural disasters, thereby preventing possible damage.
Regulating
Erosion prevention and maintenance of soil fertility: Soil erosion is a key factor in the process of land degradation and desertification.
Regulating
Speciation, the formation of a new species, requires
Reproductive isolation within a population
What is an succession?
Series of gradual changes that occur after a disturbance
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands have fewer resources and as a result may have fewer species
The relative abundance of individuals within each species refers to the
Species Evenness
Habitats provide everything that an individual plant or animal needs to survive: food; water; and shelter.
Supporting
Some habitats have an exceptionally high number of species which makes them more genetically diverse than others and are known as "biodiversity hotspots.
Supporting
What is speciation?
The change from one species into two or more distinct species.
Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming?
The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification
Soil organisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi, impact the rate of succession in ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi have a mutualistic relationship with the various species of plants and increase the plants growth and survival. Sand dunes often like mycorrhizal fungi, and a researcher wanted to determine the effect of adding mycorrhizal species to sand on disturbed beaches on grass growth. The researcher set up various mycorrhizal communities at disturbed beaches in different locations on the East Coast of the United States identify the independent variable in the study
The independent variable in the study would be the mycorrhizal fungi species
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following best predicts the effect of the introduction of an invasive species on Easter Island compared to Madagascar?
The native species on Madagascar are more likely to survive because the island is larger and provides a greater diversity of habitats and resources.
Identify the oldest stage of succession shown in the figure above example of above is forest , scrubland, grassland , bare sand beach, lake
The oldest would be the bear sand beach or the forest
Succession in a disturbed ecosystem will affect the what?
The total biomass, species richness, and net productivity overtime
Introduced or invasive species are often difficult because:
They often lack natural predators
What is the most important function of pioneer species?
To create soil and add nutrients to the environment
Soil organisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi, impact the rate of succession in ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi have a mutualistic relationship with the various species of plants and increase the plants growth and survival. Sand dunes often like mycorrhizal fungi, and a researcher wanted to determine the effect of adding mycorrhizal species to sand on disturbed beaches on grass growth. The researcher set up various mycorrhizal communities at disturbed beaches in different locations on the East Coast of the United States identify the dependent variable in the study
To see the grass growth changes in the different locations by adding the fungi
lichens, mosses, grasses, and other low-growing plants are common vegetation in this biome due to the permafrost, low rainfall, and very cold temperatures
Tundra
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are....
Water and temperature
Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem service that would provide protection from a hurricane storm surge?
An intact coastal wetland
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it?
An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland
An island off the coast of Africa contains a larger percentage of specialist species than generalist species. Which of the following describes the most immediate effect If an invasive generalist species is introduced to the island?
As competition for resources increases, the population size of the island's specialist species will decrease
Ecosystems and biodiversity play an important role for many kinds of tourism which in turn provides considerable economic benefits and is a vital source of income for many countries.
Cultural
Explain one adaptation that helps grasses succeed in grasslands rather than forests
Weather can be one of adaptation of grass succession another of example could be how soil can adapt to be healthier nutrients for the plants
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation found in plants living in the desert?
Breaking down stored fats to produce needed water
a stable ecological community that has reached equilibrium
Climax community
When a population changes in response to changes in another species, this is known as...
Coevolution
Which of the following aquatic ecosystems has the highest biodiversity (per m?)?
Coral reef
Which biome is represented by the climatograph?
Desert
Based on the information above, which ecosystem most likely experienced a recent population bottleneck?
Ecosystem A, because its lOw genetic diversity could have resulted from an event that reduced the variation in The gene pool
A team of ecologists are studying four different ecosystems with varying levels of biodiversity. The ecologists categorize the different levels of biodiversitv for the four ecosvstems Genetic Diversity species Diversiy habitat diversity Ecosystem A LOW LOW medium Ecosvstem B Medium High Medium Ecosystem C High LOW LOW Ecosvstem D Medium Low high Based on the information above, which ecosystem would most likely recover the rastest from a natural disruption?
Ecosystem B medium genetic diversity high species medium habitat
Which kind of ecosystems would more likely recover from disruptions?
Ecosystems that have a large number of species are more likely to recover from disruptions
The eutrophication that has taken place in Chesapeake Bay, the Gulf of Mexico, and other locations appears to be due to
Excess nutrients from fertilizers
What do the areas between the Equator and the lines of latitude 30 degrees north and south have?
Hot tropical climates
This species is often the first to suffer when the environmental conditions begins to decline
Indicator Species
The study of rates of colonization and extinction of species on islands or other isolated areas is known as
Island biogeography
Which is NOT a factor in the theory of island biogeography?
Islands farther from the continent have more species due to increased speciation
Why is biodiversity important in fighting disease in food crops?
It prevents one disease from wiping out an entire food crop.
a species that influences the survival of many other species is known as a...
Keystone species
After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?
Lichens > Grasses Shrubs -> Trees
Which of the following does NOT have an affect on a region's climate?
Longitude
Loss of habitat leads to a
Lots of specialist species, followed by a loss of general species. It also leads to reduced numbers of species that have large territorial requirements
Which of the following is true regarding mangroves?
Mangrove plants are salt tolerant and protect the shoreline from erosion.
Identify a pioneer species that could be found in an ecosystem
Moss/algae/ lichens only give one example when asked
What are examples of pioneer species in a primary succession?
Mossess and Lichens
Individuals with favorable traits survive, reproduce, and pass their traits onto their offspring. This is called:
Natural Selection
Which of the following tends to be the limiting factor in terrestrial biomes?
Nitrogen and Phosphorous in the soil
Based on the information above, which of the following best describes Ecosystem C?
Nsiow habitat aversity indicates that Ecosvstem o most iikely has a low number of specialist specles and few species that utilize large terrtories.
What is an organism's niche?
an organisms role in an environment
This figure shows three warblers with different niches in a spruce tree habitat. The warblers are feeding in different areas of the tree which allows them to avoid
competing with one another for food
Which area would have less biodiversity?
desert
The three types of biodiversity are
genetic, species and ecosystem
Tropical rainforests
have soils that have relatively low levels of nutrients
Which statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection?
some bacteria were resistant to penicillin and their population spread rapidly, without competition from bacteria that were killed by penicillin
