APHYS Exam 2 Review Questions

At a heart rate of 60 beats/minute, a cardiac cycle lasts

1 second

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart.

1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is 4, 3, 2, 5, 1.

The first heart sound is heard when the

AV valves close.

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the ECG's

P wave.

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.

QRS complex

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

QRS complex

In an ECG recording, which of the following coincides with ventricular repolarization?

T wave

Which is true regarding coronary function?

The semilunar valves close before the AV valves open.

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? blood viscosity vascular resistance turbulence vessel diameter ALL OF THE ABOVE

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located

between the left atrium and left ventricle.

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are

both repolarizing and relaxing.

A slower-than-normal heart rate is called ________.

bradycardia

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called ________.

diastole

The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.

endocardium

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

epicardium

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.

equal to

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain

fat, arteries and veins (vessels)

Arteriosclerosis can lead to

hypertension. coronary artery disease. stroke.

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue, except

increased hematocrit.

Which of the following would increase heart rate?

increased levels of norepinephrine and/or epinephrine increased sympathetic stimulation of SA node decreased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential ALL OF THE ABOVE

Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output, except

increased parasympathetic stimulation.

Turbulence:

increases resistance

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the

medulla oblongata.

The muscle layer of the heart is the ________. CH19

myocardium

Which layer of the heart wall contains cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves?

myocardium

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the

osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

Contractions of the papillary muscles

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

pulse

If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen?

regurgitation into the right atrium

Coronary veins empty into the

right atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

right atrium.

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the

sinoatrial node.

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the

stroke volume

If the connection between the vagus nerve and the heart is cut, which of these changes will occur?

stroke volume will decrease nodal fibers will depolarize more slowly cardiac output will decrease heart will beat slower NONE OF THE ABOVE

Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following, except the

stroke volume.

The right atrium receives blood from the

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called ________.

systole

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called ________.

tachycardia

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

tricuspid

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except

vasodilation

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

Which of the following is responsible for cardiac arrest?

ventricular fibrilation

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents

ventricular repolarization