APUSH Chapter 13: Identification and Matching

William Henry Harrison

"Old Tippecanoe," who was portrayed by Whig propagandists as a hard-drinking common man of the frontier

David Crocket

A frontier hero, Tennessee Congressman, and teller of tall tales who died in the Texas War for Independence

John Quincy Adams

Aloof New England statesman whose elitism made him an unpopular leader in the new era of mass democracy

Whigs

Anti-Jackson political party that generally stood for national community and an activist government

Cherokee, Chikasaw, Choctaw, Seminoles, or Creek

Any two of the southeastern Indian peoples who were removed to Oklahoma.

Sequoyah

Cherokee leader who devised an alphabet for his people

"corrupt bargain"

Contemptuous Jacksonian term for the alleged political deal by which Clay threw his support to Adams in exchange for a high cabinet office

Sam Houston

Former Tennessee governor whose victory at San Jacinto in 1836 won Texas its independence

John C. Calhoun

Former vice president, leader of South Carolina nullifiers, and bitter enemy of Andrew Jackson

Black Hawk

Illinois-Wisconsin area Sauk leader who was defeated by American regulars and militia in 1832

Henry Clay

Jackson's rival for the presidency in 1832, who failed to save the Bank of the United States

Santa Anna

Mexican general and dictator whose large army failed to defeat Texas rebels

national conventions

New, circus-like method of nominating presidential candidates that involved wider participation but usually left effective control in the hands of party bosses

secretary of state

Office to which President Adams appointed Henry Clay

Moses Austin

Original leader of American settlers in Texas who obtained a huge land grant from the Mexican government

Whigs

Political party that favored a more activist government, high tariffs, internal improvements, and moral reforms

Democrats

Political party that generally stressed individual liberty, the rights of the common people, and hostility to privilege

Log Cabin and hard cider

Popular symbols of the bogus but effective campaign the Whigs used to elect "poor boy" William Henry Harrison in 1840

evangelical protestants

Religiously believers, originally attracted to the Anti-Masonic party and then to the Whigs, who sought to use political power for moral and religious reforms

masons

Ritualistic secret societies that became the target of a momentarily powerful third party in 1832

Osceola

Seminole leader whose warriors killed fifteen hundred American soldiers in years of guerrilla warfare

Anti-Masonic Party

Small, short-lived third political party that originated a new method of nominating presidential candidates in the election campaign of 1831-1832

Nicholas Biddle

Talented but high-handed bank president who fought a bitter losing battle with the president of the United States

Bank of the United States

The "moneyed monster" that Clay tried to preserve and that Jackson killed with his veto in 1832

Martin Van Buren

The "wizard of Albany," whose economically troubled presidency was served in the shadow of Jackson

Mexico

The nation from which Texas won its independence in 1836.

spoils system

The popular idea that public offices should be handed out on the basis of political support rather than special qualifications

Trail of Tears

The sorrowful path along which thousands of southeastern Indians were removed to Oklahoma

nullification

Theory promoted by John C. Calhoun and other South Carolinians taht said states had the right to disregard federal laws to which they objected

Tariff of Abominations

scornful southern term for the high Tariff of 1828