APUSH CHAPTER 13

corrupt bargain

Alleged deal between presidential candidates John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay to throw the election, to be decided by the House of Representatives, in Adams' favor. Though never proven, the accusation became the rallying cry for supporters of Andrew Jackson, who had actually garnered a plurality of the popular vote in 1824.

Bank War

Battle between President Andrew Jackson and Congressional supporters of the Bank of the United States over the bank's renewal in 1832. Jackson vetoed the Bank Bill, arguing that the bank favored moneyed interests at the expense of western farmers.

Andrew Jackson won the election of 1828 by compromising his earlier attacks on eastern elites and promising to establish a sound financial system.

False

South Carolina attempted to block the tariff laws by leading the Deep South states into secession from the Union.

False

The Whigs nominated General William Henry Harrison in 1840 because he had risen from humble origins and continued to live the life of a simple frontier farmer.

False

The destruction of the Bank of the United States enabled President Jackson to create a stable financial system based on states banks and hard money gold and silver.

False

Anti-Masonic Party

First founded in New York, it gained considerable influence in New England and the mid-Atlantic during the 1832 election, campaigning against the politically influential Masonic order, a secret society. Anti-Masons opposed Andrew Jackson, a Mason, and drew much of their support from evangelical Protestants.

Trail of Tears

Forced march of 15,000 Cherokee Indians from their Georgia and Alabama homes to Indian Territory. Some 4,000 Cherokee died on the arduous journey.

Alamo

Fortress in Texas where four hundred American volunteers were slain by Santa Anna in 1836. "Remember the Alamo" became a battle cry in support of Texan independence.

President John Quincy Adams aroused southern and western hostility partly because he...

attempted to deal fairly with the Indians and opposed their removal from Georgia and elsewhere.

What was the Cherokee strategy for dealing with white encroachment?

b. Accommodation

Which of these statements about the election of 1828 is NOT true?

b. Adams refused to engage in the negative campaign tactics that Jackson used.

In simplest terms, the Nullification Crisis that began with South Carolina in 1828 describes

b. South Carolina's effort to declare the tariff void within its boarders.

The primary cause of the Panic of 1837 was

b. widespread speculation and get-rich-quick schemes.

The most fundamental and unifying political perspective underlying the organization of the Whig Party was...

hostility to Andrew Jackson and his followers.

What is meant by the term corrupt bargain in reference to the 1824 presidential election?

c. An alleged private deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay to ensure Adam's presidency.

President Andrew Jackson revealed his deep hostility to eastern elites and moneyed interests by...

vetoing the bill to re-charter the Bank of the United States.

Under President Jackson and his successors, the fundamental requirement for holding federal officials was...

political support of the president and his party.

All of the following were true of the Election of 1836 EXCEPT...

the Whigs easily coalesced around one candidate.

Tariff of Abominations

Noteworthy for its unprecedentedly high duties on imports. Southerners vehemently opposed the Tariff, arguing that it hurt Southern farmers, who did not enjoy the protection of tariffs, but were forced to pay higher prices for manufactures.

Indian Removal Act

Ordered the removal of Indian Tribes still residing east of the Mississippi to newly established Indian Territory west of Arkansas and Missouri. Tribes resisting eviction were forcibly removed by American forces, often after prolonged legal or military battles.

Compromise Tariff of 1833

Passed as a measure to resolve the nullification crisis, it provided that tariffs be lowered gradually, over a period of ten years, to 1816 levels

Force Bill

Passed by Congress alongside the Compromise Tariff, it authorized the president to use the military to collect federal tariff duties.

spoils system

Policy of rewarding political supporters with public office, first widely employed at the federal level by Andrew Jackson. The practice was widely abused by unscrupulous office seekers, but it also helped cement party loyalty in the emerging two-party system.

pet banks

Popular term for pro-Jackson state banks that received the bulk of federal deposits when Andrew Jackson moved to dismantle the Bank of the United States in 1833.

Battle of San Jacinto

Resulted in the capture of Mexican dictator Santa Anna, who was forced to withdraw his troops from Texas and recognize the Rio Grande as Texas's Southwestern border.

The Texas rebels won their independence with their victory in the Battle of...

San Jacinto.

Black Hawk War

Series of clashes in Illinois and Wisconsin between American forces and Indian chief Black Hawk of the Sauk and Fox tribes, who unsuccessfully tried to reclaim territory lost under the 1830 Indian Removal Act.

Nullification Crisis

Showdown between President Andrew Jackson and the South Carolina legislature, which declared the 1832 tariff null and void in the state and threatened secession if the federal government tried to collect duties. It was resolved by a compromise negotiated by Henry Clay in 1833.

Goliad

Texas outpost where American volunteers, having laid down their arms and surrendered, were massacred by Mexican forces in 1836. The incident, along with the slaughter at the Alamo, fueled American support for Texan independence.

In the election of 1824, Andrew Jackson won the popular vote but failed to win a majority of electoral votes.

True

Specie Circular

U.S. Treasury decree requiring that all public lands be purchased with "hard," or metallic, currency. Issued after small state banks flooded the market with unreliable paper currency, fueling land speculation in the West.

The Whig victory in the election of 1840 demonstrated that the...

Whig Party could duplicate the noisy campaign style and popular appeal of the Democrats.

panic of 1837

a world wide depression that began in the United States when one of the nation's largest banks abruptly declared bankruptcy, leading to the collapse of thousands of banks and businesses. The crisis intensified debtors' calls for inflationary measures such as the printing of more paper money and the unlimited coinage of silver. Conflicts over monetary policy greatly influenced politics in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.

The election of 1832 changed the face of American politics by

a. beginning the tradition of nominating conventions.

John Quincy Adams was largely an unpopular president for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that

a. replaced existing officeholders with his political supporters

The Cherokees and other southeastern Indian tribes attempted to stop the pressure of white encroachment on their lands by...

adopting practices like settled agriculture, education, and democratic constitutional government.

What was the main difference between the Whigs and Democrats, the two parties that took hold in the late 1820s and 1830s?

c. Democrats favored states' rights; Whigs sought federal involvement, including tariffs, schools, internal improvements, and a national bank.

What was the major significance of the spoils system, as employed by Andrew Jackson?

c. It became an important tool of the emerging two party system.

The Texas Revolution and independence posed a thorny issue for the US because

c. Texans sought annexation by the US.

The Trail of Tears is best described as

c. the forced march of the Five Civilized Tribes from their eastern homelands to resettlement in the West

The Seminole Indians of Florida...

carried out the strongest military resistance to the Indian removal.

Southerners hated the so-called Tariff of Abominations (1828) for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that they

d. thought it would stall their thriving economy.

Which of these was NOT among Andrew Jackson's reasons for vetoing the bill to recharter the Bank of the US in 1832?

e. He wanted to win over wealthy voters from the North and East in his reelection campaign.

In his famed book about his tour through America, Democracy in America, Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville was most impressed by

e. the general equality of the American people.

All of the following were true of the Trail of Tears EXCEPT...

it successfully regained Indian land taken during the Black Hawk War.

All of the following were true of the panic of 1837 EXCEPT...

it was quite mild compared with other Panics of the 1800s.

All of the following were true of the Electron of 1824 EXCEPT...

none of the four candidates-Adams, Clay, Crawford, or Jackson-associated themselves with the Republican Party.

President John Quincy Adams...

proved to be an inept politician who pushed unpopular measures like a national university and a national astronomical observatory.

All of the following were true of the Jacksonians EXCEPT they...

remained consistent to their belief that political deals made behind closed doors were an appropriate way to select the President