APUSH Fall Final

Martin Van Buren

"The Little Magician"

Karl Marx

"Without slavery, you have no cotton"

*(4 Things)* What were some characteristics of the Middle Colonies?

*(Economy):* *(Religion):* *(Class Structure):* *(Life Expectancy):*

*(4 Things)* What were some characteristics of the New England Colonies?

*(Economy):* *(Religion):* *(Class Structure):* *(Life Expectancy):*

*(4 Things)* What were some characteristics of the Southern Colonies?

*(Economy):* *(Religion):* *(Class Structure):* *(Life Expectancy):*

*(Definition)* Whiskey Rebellion

1791 tax protest on the taxing of whiskey by farmers, who used whiskey as a means of storing corn over time

The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in:

1816

William Crawford

1824 presidential candidate from Georgia

John Tyler

1840 Whig vice presidential candidate

Immigration into the United States increased most during the period from:

1845 - 1854

*(Definition)* Marbury vs. Madison

1st Supreme Court case to declare a federal law (Judiciary act of 1801) unconstitutional, led to John Adams' "midnight appointment" of Federalist judges

*(Definition)* Fort Sumter

1st battle of the Civil War, Confederates captured federal fort in Charleston after two days of shelling

The July after the creation of the Bear Flag Republic:

American troops landed on California shores and claimed it part of the United States

The Indian chief who resisted federal policy in Illinois and Wisconsin was:

Black Hawk

As a result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris:

Britain acquired Florida from Spain

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

Confederate general known for fearlessness and furious assaults

Robert Morris

Confederate superintendent of finance

*(T/F)* Andrew Jackson defeated the Cherokee at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend

False

*(T/F)* In his farewell address, Washington urged the United States to steer clear of permanent alliances with European nations, though alliances with Latin America were acceptable.

False

*(T/F)* Jay's Treaty of 1794 finally ended the XYZ affair.

False

*(T/F)* John Tyler favored Henry Clay's American System.

False

*(T/F)* Many westerners agreed with Jackson that the Bank of the United States was a "Monster," a monopoly controlled by a few wealthy men.

False

*(T/F)* Most southern whites owned at least one slave.

False

*(T/F)* New York was originally settled by French Huguenots.

False

*(T/F)* Peter Stuyvesant was the defiant governor of Rhode Island.

False

*(T/F)* Railroads increased the cost of transportation.

False

*(T/F)* Slaves who became baptized as Christians were set free.

False

*(T/F)* The Adena-Hopewell culture followed the Mississippian in pre-Contact North America.

False

*(T/F)* The Bank of the United States quickly ended the panic of 1819 by making credit more easily available.

False

*(T/F)* The Fourteenth Amendment recognized the validity of Confederate debts.

False

*(T/F)* The United States had caught up with Britains textile production by 1815.

False

*(T/F)* The birthrate was lower in the colonies than in England.

False

*(T/F)* The greatest proportionate influx of immigrants in the history of the United States came in the 1820s.

False

*(T/F)* William Lloyd Garrison advocated colonization as the solution to the evil of slavery.

False

*(T/F)* With the absence of southern congressmen during the war, Republicans blocked the National Banking Act of 1863.

False

The Alien Act of 1798 was aimed at:

French and Irish republicans

*(Definition)* XYZ Affair

French foreign minister Tallyrand's three anonymous agents demanded payments to stop French plundering of American ships in 1797

Founder of New Jersey

George Carteret

The least likely to become Whigs were:

German and Irish Catholics

*(Definition)* "Gag Rule"

House of Representatives adopted rule that prevented discuss of any petitions of abolishing slavery

*(Definition)* Manifest Destiny

Imperialist phrase used to urge annexation of Texas in 1845 and used thereafter to encourage American settlement of European colonial and Indian lands in the Great Plains and Far West

When Congress recharted the Bank of the United States in 1832:

Jackson vetoed the recharter

The president responsible for obtaining Texas, Oregon Territory, and California was:

James Knox Polk "Young Hickory"

The central figure of the Constitutional Convention was:

James Madison

Founder of Georgia

James Oglethorpe

One of the first English explorers of America was:

John Calvin

Founder of Virginia

John Smith

The Confederates were inspired to bombard Fort Sumter as a result of:

Lincoln's decision to resupply it

Founder of Maryland

Lord Baltimore

The Protestant Reformation was launched in Europe by:

Martin Luther

By 1850 the largest Protestant denomination was:

Methodism

Southern efforts to re-create a society that looked similar to the Confederacy caused:

Moderate Republicans to move in to support the Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies

Joseph Brant

Mohawk leader that led Iroquois against Americans in the Revolutionary War

The Louisiana Purchase was made possible by:

Napoleon's disastrous setback in Haiti

What city did the British capture and hold onto for the duration of the American Revolution?

New York

Founder of New Netherland

Peter Minuit

The largest city at the end of the colonial period was:

Philadelphia

A city that was an early center of iron production:

Pittsburgh

*(Definition)* Emancipation Proclaimation

President Abraham issued preliminary proclamation on September 22, 1862 freeing slaves in the Confederate states as of January 1, 1863

The "high priest" of Transcendentalism was considered to be:

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Founder of Rhode Island

Roger Williams

In Latin America by the early 1820s:

Spain had lost nearly all of its colonies

*(Definition)* Francisican Missions

Spanish missions established in 1769 that ran from San Diego to San Francisco and were intended to convert Indians to Catholicism

*(Definition)* Freeport Doctrine

Stephen Douglas' attempt to reconcile the Dred Scott ruling with "popular sovereignty"

*(Definition)* Dred Scott v. Sandford

Supreme Court case that ruled that slaves could not sue for freedom and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories, on the grounds that such a prohibition would violate the 5th Amendment rights of slaveholders

*(Definition)* Tejanos

Texas settlers of Spanish or Mexican descent

The French played a vital role in the colonists' victory at:

The Battle of Yorktown

Founder of Connecticut

Thomas Hooker

Washington's secretary of state was:

Thomas Jefferson

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were drafted by:

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Liliburn Lewis

Thomas Jefferson's nephew who killed a rebellious slave in front of others as a warning

*(T/F)* 1st: Battle of Saratoga 2nd: Capture of Charleston 3rd: Battle of Yorktown

True

*(T/F)* As a result of the Compromise of 1850, California entered the Union as a free state.

True

*(T/F)* Certain enumerated goods such as tobacco and sugar had to be shipped directly to England from the colonies.

True

*(T/F)* Chinese immigrants in the United States often did construction work.

True

*(T/F)* Church attendance and temperance were enforced among early workers at Lowell

True

*(T/F)* Citizen Genet made plans to outfit ships against the British navy and schemed with frontiersmen to launch an attack on Spanish Florida.

True

*(T/F)* Copperheads were members of the extreme fringe of peace wing of the democratic party.

True

*(T/F)* General Grant's strategy was to relentlessly attack the Confederates, grind down their numbers, and reduce their will to fight.

True

*(T/F)* In 1492, Columbus believed that he had reached Asia.

True

*(T/F)* Irish immigrants tended to join the Democratic party.

True

*(T/F)* Jacksonians believed in equality of opportunity rather than equality of result

True

*(T/F)* Many railroad companies bought support from state and local governments through bribes.

True

*(T/F)* Most German immigrants in the 1850s were Catholic.

True

*(T/F)* Most of the growth of the Catholic Church in America in the mid-nineteenth century can be attributed to immigration from Ireland.

True

*(T/F)* President Madison's wife, Dolley, managed to save many national treasures as the British approached Washington, DC and burnt the capital city.

True

*(T/F)* Steamboats helped make farming commercial.

True

*(T/F)* The British controlled New York throughout the American Revolution.

True

*(T/F)* The Denmark Vasey plot was a slave insurrection in Charleston, South Carolina.

True

*(T/F)* The Dutch colony of New Netherlands accepted the first Jewish settlers to North America.

True

*(T/F)* The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts as infractions on constitutional rights.

True

*(T/F)* The Know-Nothing party was a political party that demanded the exclusion of Catholics and immigrants from public office.

True

*(T/F)* The Middle Passage, the voyage from Africa to the Americas, led to the deaths of one out of every six slaves.

True

*(T/F)* The Portuguese had a monopoly on colonies in the New World throughout the 1500s.

True

*(T/F)* The Spanish conquistadores took their pay in the form of the plunder, including any slaves that they could seize.

True

*(T/F)* The essays that made up "The Federalist" were originally published in New York newspapers during the fight for ratification.

True

*(T/F)* The first Englishmen who established a fort at Jamestown expected to find gold and make profits for the Virginia company through trade; they did not expect to plant crops.

True

*(T/F)* The halfway covenant was a form of partial church membership that arose during the Great Awakening.

True

*(T/F)* The minstrel show was a uniquely American form of mass entertainment.

True

Most carpetbaggers were:

Union veterans

*(Definition)* Webster-Hayne Debate

United States Senate debate of January 1830 between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina over states' rights

The significance of the Battle of Trenton was:

Washington's ambush of the Hessians at the Delaware River gave the Patriots a chance in the war

Founder of Plymouth

William Bradford

Founder of Pennsylvania

William Penn

Anti-Federalist Leaders wanted:

a Bill of Rights to protect individuals from the new government

Irish immigrants came to the United States after:

a deadly potato famine

John C. Calhoun proposed his theory of nullification in reaction to:

a new tariff

The womens' rights movement originated in:

a split in the anti-slavery movement

*(5 Things)* Some of the results of the War of 1812 were:

a. "The Star-Spangled Banner" b. Andrew Jackson's victory at the Battle of New Orleans c. encouragement of the growth of manufacturing in the United States d. a greater sense of economic independence from Britain e. favorable settlement of most issues that caused the war

Winfield Scott

a. American general that captured Mexico City, ending the Mexican-American war b. presidential Whig candidate

*(3 Things)* Some womens' rights leaders included:

a. Elizabeth Cady Stanton b. Sojourner Truth c. Susan B. Anthony

Pontiac's rebellion involved:

a. Indian attacks on the British frontier b. British use of germ warfare against Indians c. the leadership of an Ottawa chief named Pontiac d. Indian rejection of the terms of the Treaty of Pairs

*(4 Things)* The election of 1800 resulted in:

a. Jefferson elevating to the presidency b. the first time an opposition party had come to power c. the emergence of more democratic politics d. slave holding Republicans coming to power

*(4 Things)* Candidates in the election of 1824:

a. John Quincy Adams b. William Crawford c. Andrew Jackson d. Henry Clays

Benjamin Franklin

a. Pennsylvania printer b. advocated the Plan of Union (1754) c. was a major American peace negotiator d. oldest member at Constitutional Convention

Abraham Lincoln

a. Republican president responsible for the Emancipation Proclamation b. desired to stop the spread of slavery and not end all slavery

Alexander Hamilton

a. Secretary of Treasury b. briefly represented New York at Constitutional Convention

*(Definition)* Anaconda Strategy

a. Union General Winfield Scott developed three-pronged strategy b. Union army would exert pressure on Richmond, blockade Confederate ports, and divide the South by invading its major waterways

James Madison

a. Wrote "Federalist Number 10" b. wrote "Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions" with Thomas Jefferson

*(4 Things)* The American Revolution resulted in:

a. a spirit of social equality b. lower property requirements to vote c. greater participation in politics d. American independence

*(3 Things)* The 3 points of the American System are:

a. a tariff to protect and promote American industry b. a national bank to foster commerce c. federal subsidies for internal improvements

*(3 Things)* John Locke's theories:

a. appealed to colonial Americans b. viewed government as a guardian of people's natural rights c. justified overthrowing a government under certain conditions

*(Definition)* Battle of the Alamo

a. at San Antonio, Texas, William B. Travis defended the an abandoned mission b. Mexican victory, only Texan women, children, and slaves survived c. became a rallying cry for the Texans

Sam Houston

a. commander and chief of Texas forces during fight for Texan independence b. first president of the Lone Star Republic

*(4 Things)* The Radical state governments in the South:

a. constructed railroads b. established public schools c. built roads and bridges d. provided opportunities for ex-slaves

*(4 Things)* Factors that contributed to the panic of 1837 included the:

a. depression in Britain b. withdrawal of European investments c. waves of failure of state banks d. failure of 1836 wheat crop

Thomas Jefferson

a. designed capital and University of Virginia b. elected president in 1804

Some popular leisure activities in the 1800s were:

a. drinking b. cockfighting c. dogfighting d. boxing

Daniel Webster

a. favored protective tariff in 1828 b. was Massachusetts senator who said "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseperable"

*In the Federalist Party:* a. the power rested with... b. led by... c. members typically... d. preferred economy... e. national debt... f. Constitutional interpretation... g. territorial expansion... h. foreign alliances...

a. federal government b. Alexander Hamilton c. bankers and businessmen d. industrious e. pay all of at face value f. "implied powers" g. centralization h. Great Britian

*(Definition)* Battles of Bull Run (First and Second Manassas)

a. first land engagement of Civil War on July 21, 1861 at Manassas Junction, Virginia at which Union troops retreated b. August 29, 1862 Confederates captured the federal supply depot and forced Union troops back to Washington

*(Definition)* Free-Soil Party

a. formed in 1848 to oppose slavery in the territory acquired from the Mexican War b. nominated Martin Van Buren for president c. by 1854 most of party was absorbed into Republican party

*(Definition)* Thirteenth Amendment

a. freed all slaves in the United States b. at the end of the Civil War, the former Confederate states were required to ratify this amendment before they could return to the union.

Zachary Taylor

a. general in charge of American forces during Mexican-American war b. became president under Whig party

*(2 Things)* By the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico had to:

a. give up all claims to Texas above the Rio Grande b. cede California and New Mexico

*(3 Things)* In matriarchal societies, such as that of the Iroquois, women:

a. headed the clans b. did most of the agricultural labor c. selected the chiefs

*(4 Things)* Trade associations in the early 1800s attempted to:

a. improve working conditions b. influence politicians to support protective tariffs c. uphold standards of quality production d. maintain decent wage levels

*(Definition)* Mountain Men

a. inspired by fur trade, these men left civilization to work as trappers b. first whites to find routes through Rocky Mountains and later pioneered trails used to get to Oregon country and California in the 1840s

Hamilton's plan to fund the national debt:

a. involved paying it all at full face value b. would most benefit speculators

*(4 Things)* Hamilton encouraged manufacturing because:

a. it would diversify an agricultural economy b. it would improve productivity c. it would provide jobs for women and children d. it would encourage immigration

George Washington

a. led Virginia troops against the French in the northwest b. held the army together at Valley Forge c. believed Constitution would last no more than 20 years d. issues neutrality proclamation in 1793

Andrew Jackson

a. led war agains the Seminoles b. offered as a toast at Jefferson Day Dinner: "Our Union-- it must be preserved!"

*(4 Things)* Various Workingmen's parties failed because:

a. major parties took over their issues b. labor politicians were inexperienced c. they were vulnerable to charges of radicalism d. courts were often pro-management

*(4 Things)* After the panic of 1837, working-class Americans could expect:

a. massive joblessness b. wage cuts c. high prices for food and clothes d. numerous bank failures

*(Not Definition)* Indentured servants:

a. occupied a rank between slaves and free men b. could not own property c. could not trade d. could be whipped

*(2 Things)* By the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States had to:

a. pay $15 million b. assume the claims of United States citizens up to $3.25 million

Jefferson Davis

a. president of Confederacy during Civil War b. refused to surrender when defeat was inevitable in 1865, was captured that May

Charles Finney

a. rejected doctrine of predestination b. emphasized good faith and good works c. generated 1k conversions d. was active in New York's burned-over district

John C. Calhoun

a. resigned vice presidency in 1832 b. pro-slavery senator from South Carolina c. wrote "Carolina Exposition and Protest"

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

a. seized control of Mexico and became a dictator b. 1835, Texas defeated his armies and became independent

*(4 Things)* The Convention of 1818:

a. settled the northern limit of the Louisiana Purchase b. opened Oregon to joint occupation by the United States and Great Britain c. Acknowledged the right of Americans to fish off Newfoundland and Labrador d. settled several points of contention between the United States and Britain

Stephen A. Douglas

a. sponsor and author of Kansas-Nebraska Act b. senator from Illinois

*In the Democratic-Republic Party:* a. the power rested with... b. led by... c. members typically... d. preferred economy... e. national debt... f. Constitutional interpretation... g. territorial expansion... h. foreign alliances...

a. states b. Thomas Jefferson c. farmers, mechanics, tradesmen d. agrarian e. lower debt gradually f. strict interpretation g. expand territory, decentralization h. France

*(3 Things)* Among the advantages the English over its rival empires had in colonization were:

a. the compact nature of their settlements b. welcoming of people of various nationalities and religious outlook c. a degree of self-government

Henry Clay

a. war hawk b. wrote "South Carolina Exposition and Protest" c. Jackson's opponent for the presidential election in 1832

*(4 Things)* Women during the colonial period:

a. were valued more in North America because of the shortage of women b. had laws that protected them from domestic violence and permitted divorce in Puritan communities c. had some rights to the property they brought into marriage d. could manage property upon the deaths of their husbands

Enlightenment thinkers such as Isaac Newton stressed the:

ability of reason to discover the laws of the universe

The Liberty Party advocated:

abolitionism

John Brown

abolitionist that led a raid on a family, murdering them all

Dorothea Lynde Dix

advocated for the reform of insane asylums

*(Definition)* Secession

after Abraham Lincoln was elected, southern states began to dissolve ties with the United States as they believed the Republican party and Lincoln were a threat to slavery

*(Definition)* Lone Star Republic

after winning independence from Mexico, Texas became the Lone Star Republic; drafted a constitution and elected Sam Houston president

*(Definition)* Kansas-Nebraska Act

allowed settlers in Kansas and Nebraska territories to decide slavery issue for themselves, nullifying Missouri Compromise

*(Definition)* Popular Sovereignty

allowed settlers in a disputed territory to decide the slavery issue for themselves

Mercantilism involves:

an expectation that colonies will supply raw materials to the mother country

Just before leaving office, John Adams:

appointed John Marshall chief justice

The first Jews in the colonies:

arrived in New Netherland

Hariet Beecher Stowe

author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin"

A major objective of the Tea Act of 1773 was to:

bail out the East India Company

The result of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 was:

barred settlement by colonists west of the Appalachians

Oliver H. Perry

became an American naval hero during the War of 1812

Jefferson's inauguration speech was notable for:

being the first in Washington D.C.

Jackson's veto of the Maysville Road bill demonstrated his:

belief that the federal government should not fund purely local projects

The result of Thomas Paine's "The American Crisis" was:

bolstered American morale

During the growth of internal improvement, the federal government:

bought stock and gave land grants to transportation companies

John Quincy Adams

came second in 1824 presidential election

Tituba

confessed to witchcraft in Salem

Francisco Pizarro

conquered the Incan Empire

Jay Gould and James Fisk triggered a scandal with their scheme to:

corner the gold market

The first American factories produced:

cotton textiles

New state governments created during the Revolution:

created governments based on written constitutions

*(Effect)* Gibbons v. Ogden

decided that the federal government has supremacy in regulating interstate commerce

In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court:

declared a federal law unconstitutional

Americans were reluctant to accept it as a new state in the union because:

desired to become a slave state

Daniel Shays

destitute and disgrunteled Massachusetts farmer that started Shay's rebellion

*(Effect)* McCulloch v. Maryland

determined states cannot tax the federal government

Tecumseh

died at the Battle of Thames in 1813

Nicholas Biddle

director of the Bank of the United States

James Monroe

elected as president after 1816 election

Edmond Genet

encouraged Americans to attack Spanish territory on the frontier

After the War of 1812, President Madison:

endorsed a national university

Under President Adams, the United States and France:

engaged in an undeclared naval conflict

*(Definition)* Oregon Fever

enthusiasm for emigration to the Oregon Country in the late 1830s and early 1840s

Frederick Douglass

escaped slave who became leading anti-slavery advocate

Stephen F. Austin

established first American colony in Texas, attracting Americans

Meriwether Lewis

explored the Louisiana Purchase and Far West

John C. Fremont, "The Pathfinder"

explorer and surveyor who inspired Americans in California to rebel

Jean-Baptiste Le Monye

father of Louisiana

William Pitt

focused British attention on America during the Seven Years' War

During the submission of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, President Polk wanted to:

follow the growing movement to annex all of Mexico

The 15th Amendment instituted a law that:

forbids states to deny a person the right to vote on the grounds of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"

William Berkley

forced all non-Anglicans out of Virginia

In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the Massachutsetts Court ruled that:

forming a trade union was not illegal

John Humphrey Noyes

founded Oneida Community

William Lloyd Garrison

founded anti-slavery newspaper, "The Liberator"

Joseph Smith

founder of Mormonism

How did "salutary neglect" affect the colonies?

gave colonies greater independence in pursuing economic and political interests

*(Definition)* Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

gave federal government authority in cases involving runaway slaves, more punitive than the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793

Johnathan Edwards

gave the sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

The Crittenden Compromise proposed to:

guarantee continuance of slavery in the states where it existed

The 14th Amendment instituted a law that:

guarantees the rights of citizenship to former slaves

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo resulted in the transfer of:

half of Mexico

George III

halted British salutary neglect of the colonies

When the slave Celia killed her sexually abusive master in 1855 she was:

hanged

In Washington's farewell address:

he opposed permanent alliances

George B. McClellan

head of Army of Potomac and later chief of United States Army, tended to delay taking action even against orders

Physicians in the early 1800s:

included very few women

One result of the Revolution was:

increased emancipation of northern slaves

The result of Bacon's Rebellion was:

indentured servants and small farmers being brought together against the colony's rich planters and political leaders

James Tallmadge Jr.

introduced amendment to ban slavery from Missouri

Cyrus Hall Mcormick

inventor of the mechanical reaper

The major reason the South did not industrialize was that:

it lacked natural resources

The Dominion of New England is important because:

it marked an attempt to bolster the authority of the Crown

The significance of the Battle of Yorktown was:

it was the end of the major battling and marked the arrival of the French

The significance of the Battle of Saratoga was:

it was the first true victory of the Patriots

Under Thomas Jefferson's 1784 land ordinance, a territory became eligible for statehood when:

its population was equal to that of the smallest state

*(Effect)* Worcester v. Georgia

judged that Cherokee are a nation of sovereign powers, but still did not protect them from removal in the Southeast

A major goal of the Navigation Acts was to:

keep the shipping trade with the colonies under English control

In the American colonies:

land was cheap and labor was scarce

Anthony Wayne

led Americans at Battle of Fallen Timbers

Nat Turner

led a slave revolt in 1831 in rural Virginia

Jacques Cartier

led first French effort to colonize the New World

Oliver Cromwell

led the Puritan Commonwealth

The Second Bank of the United States was:

located in Philidelphia

John Burgoyne

lost at Saratoga

Tariffs passed by Congress in 1830 and 1832:

lowered duties on some items

The invention of the cotton gin:

made cotton a major export item

German immigrants settled in:

mainly rural areas

Texas declared independence from Mexico because:

many settlers moved to Texas to grow cotton, but Mexico had opposed slavery and banned immigration in 1830.

Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to:

map and explore well beyond the Mississippi

John Eaton

married to woman snubbed by cabin members' wives

During the American Revolution, Tories:

may have represented 20% of American society

Thomas Jefferson believed a large federal debt would:

mean high taxes and public corruption

*(Definition)* Compromise of 1850

mediated by Henry Clay that headed off southern secession over California statehood; to appease the South it included a stronger fugitive slave law and delayed termination of slave status of the New Mexico and Utah Territories

John Locke's contract theory of government argued that:

men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right to life, liberty, and property

*(Definition)* Radical Republicans

minority that pushed for confiscation of southern plantation, immediate emancipation of slaves, and a more vigorous prosecution of the war

Cyprien Ricard

mulatto slave owner from Louisiana

The dominant issues in national politics in the 1840s were:

nationalism and westward expansion

John Marshall

nationalist chief justice

In general, Alexander Hamilton's programs were based on his:

nationalist vision of a strong central government that encouraged economic growth

Robert R. Livingston

negotiated Louisiana Purchase

Thomas Pinckney

negotiated peace treaty with Spain

During the Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s:

new religious groups helped undermine state-supported churches

The Fugitive Slave Act outraged abolitionists by:

offering a strong temptation to kidnap free blacks in northern "free" states

German migrations in the United States:

often ended in St. Louis, San Antonio, or Milwaukee

*(Definition)* Bear Flag Republic

on June 14, 1846, Americans in California captured Sonoma from the Mexican Army and declared it the Republic of California.

*(Definition)* Pottawatomie Massacre

on May 24, 1856 John Brown and his fellow abolitionists hacked five men to death in the pro-slavery Settlement of Pottawatomie, Kansas which lead to a guerrilla war in the Kansas Territory

To be considered a planter:

one had to own over 20 slaves

The New Jersey Plan wanted:

one legislative body with equal representation for each state

The colony of Pennsylvania was:

open to all religious beliefs

Samuel Slater

opened a successful textile mill in Rhode Island

Queen Elizabeth

ordered the beheading of Mary, Queen of Scots

To avoid problems associated with parties running multiple candidates for presidential election, Congress:

passed the 12th Amendment providing that electors use separate ballots to vote for a president and vice president

The South's moral code was founded on:

personal honor

North Carolina's major agricultural product was:

pine resin

Mary Chestnut

plantation mistress who was a critic of the plantation system

Gabriel

plotted slave revolt near Richmond

James Madison

president at end of War of 1812

The 12th Constitutional Amendment involved:

presidential elections

Horace Mann

promoted statewide school systems

*(Definiton)* Wilmot Proviso

proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the Mexican-American War, southern senators led by John C. Calhoun defeated the measure in 1846 and 1847

Robert Sherman

proposed the "Great Compromise" at the Constitutional Convention

Admiral de Grasse

provided Washington key assistance at Yorktown

John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was intended to:

provoke slave insurrections

Lyman Beecher's anti-Catholic sermons in 1834:

provoked a mob to attack the Ursuline Convent in Charlestown, Massachusetts

The issue that the Democratic and Republican presidential candidates largely agreed on during the 1876 campaign was:

relaxing federal authority in the South

*(Definition)* Compromise of 1877

resolved the 1876 presidential election and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes (who lost the popular vote) was made winner in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, ending reconstruction

The Declaration of Independence primarily:

restated John Locke's contract theory of government

*(Definition)* Fort Laramie Treaty

restricted Plains Indians from using the Overland Trail and permitted the building of government forts

American trade with Britain after the American Revolution:

resumed

The 1765 Stamp Act made it so that:

revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents were required

Robert E. Lee

revered Confederate general

Francis Asbury

revivalist who initiated the "circuit rider" system

William III

rose to rule as a result of the Glorious Revolution

*(Effect)* Dartmouth College v. Woodward

ruled that states cannot make laws that impair the obligations of contracts (ex. business or institutional)

Francis Scott Key

saw British attacking Fort McHenry from Baltimore Harbor

In April 1775, the British marched to Concord Massachusetts in an effort to:

seize a stockpile of weapons

*(Definition)* Lincoln-Douglas Debates

senatorial 1858 debates on issue of slavery in the territories, held in Illinois between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas

William Tennent

set up "Log College" to train ministers

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

set up Seneca Falls Convention

*(Definition)* Webster-Ashburton Treaty

settled 1842 border dispute between the United States and Canada on the borders of Wisconsin territory, Maine, Vermont, and New York

According to the Northwest Ordinance, in the new territories:

slavery was banned

Free blacks in the South:

sometimes owned slaves

Ponce de Leon

sought the fountain of youth in Florida

Jefferson's Embargo Act sought to:

stop all American exports

Throughout the colonies, husbands expected from their wives:

submission to their authority

In dealing with internal improvements, Andrew Jackson:

supported federal funding only for interstate programs

Lord Cornwallis

surrendered at Yorktown

German immigrants in the 1850s:

tended to come as groups and families

As a result of Jay's Treaty:

the British agreed to evacuate their northwest posts by 1796

Jacques Cartier most importantly explored:

the St. Lawrence River

The Mexican War was caused by:

the annexation of Texas

One effect of the Hartford Convention was:

the death of the Federalist party

Aaron Burr's trial for treason established the constitutional precedent that:

the executive branch was independent of the courts

The Mexican American War ultimately deepened sectional divisions in the United States with:

the new territories being acquired, a violent debate over the extension of slavery into them was fueled

Nativism

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants

Spanish colonies in North America failed because:

the region lacked the gold and silver of South and Central America

Efforts by federal officials to return Anthony Burns to slavery following the 1854 passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act sparked intense controversy because:

the repeal of the Missouri Compromise inspired many northerners to actively oppose the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act

The major reason Charles II decided to wrest New Netherland from the Dutch was:

the threat of the colony's commercial success

Virginia Governor, William Berkley, oversaw:

the transition of his colony to Anglicanism

After the fall of Fort Sumter, partisans on both sides hoped:

the war would be quick, ending with one sudden bold stroke, like the capture of the enemy's capital

The most popular form of indoor entertainment during the first half of the 1800s was:

theater

After Shay's Rebellion:

there were numerous calls promoting a strong central government

After a succession of devastating defeats in 1863, Confederate leaders still believed they could achieve a favorable negotiated peace settlement because:

they hoped that by fighting a war of attrition, war-wary northerners would eventually agree to negotiate peace

Spain joined the American Revolution because:

they were allied with France

The new government's most critical need was:

to raise revenue

*(Definition)* Overland Trails

trail route of wagon trains bearing settlers from Independence, Missouri to the Oregon Country in the 1840s to 1860s

America's refusal to pay Tallyrand's agents resulted in:

two years of sea war with France from 1798 to 1800

*(Definition)* Bacon's Rebellion

unsuccessful 1676 revolt led by planter Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia governor William Berkeley's administration, because it had failed to protect settlers from Indian raids

Colonial royal governors had:

veto power over colonial assemblies

*(Definition)* "bleeding" Kansas

violence between pro- and anti-slavery settlers in Kansas Territory 1856

The "Leopard's" attack on the "Chesapeake" resulted in:

war fever in the United States

Philip II

was Queen Elizabeth's greatest foreign rival

John Cabot

was a Venetian who sailed to North America for England

Banastre Tarleton

was a brutal British leader in the South

John Marshall

was a chief justice

Chief Powhatan of the Powhatan Confederacy in Virginia:

was a leader of over 10,000 Indians

John Peter Zenger

was a newspaper editor tried for libel

James Davenport

was a revivalist preacher who shouted and stomped on the devil

William Marbury

was appointed justice of the peace in the District of Columbia

Lincoln's first cabinet:

was filled with strong leaders of above-average ability, several of whom had been Lincoln's rivals for the presidency

John Jay

was first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court

Montezuma

was stoned to death by his own people

Nathanael Greene

was the American commander in the South known as the "fighting Quaker"

John Adams

was the Federalist presidential candidate in 1800

Juan de Onate

was the Spanish ruler in New Mexico

Many of the Plains Indian societies encountered by Americans migrating westward:

were horse-borne nomads

During the 19th century, slave rebellions:

were rare

The Freeport Doctrine might be defined as the concept that:

whatever the Supreme Court said about slavery, it could not exist anywhere unless supported by local police regulations

Horatio Gates

won at Saratoga

William Henry Harrison

won presidential election of 1840 with his "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign.

John Locke

wrote "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" and "Two Treaties on Government"

Thomas Paine

wrote "The American Crisis"