APUSH Midterm

Area in the Dakotas where a second gold rush led to the ignoring and breaking of previously made treaties with the natives

Black Hills

The harsh Southern state laws of 1865 that limited black rights and imposed harsh restrictions to ensure a stable black labor supply

Black codes

Who was the last African-American to serve in the senate until 1966?

Blanche L. Bruce

Animal so crucial to the Plain Indians, but slaughtered by settlers and the army

Buffalo

The Freeman's Bureau was also known as

Bureau of Freedom, Refuses and Abandoned Lands

Famous school in Pennsylvania where they tried to assimilate Native children to white culture, often using brutal tactics in an attempt to wipe out traces of language and culture

Carlisilie Indian School

Derogatory term for Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction and sometimes took part in Republican state governments

Carpetbaggers

Beaten in the Senate chamber before the Civil War, he became the leader of the Senate Republican radicals during Reconstruction

Charles Sumner

In 1883, the Supreme Court struck down the

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Huge silver and gold deposit that brought wealth and statehood to Nevada

Comstock Lode

Nickname given to the battle in the valley of he Little Big Horn River, where an arrogant cavalry officer led his troops to doom

Custor's Last Stand

Federal law that attempted to dissolve tribal landholding and establish Indians as individual farmers

Dawes Act

The first time African-American males were allowed to vote after the Civil War was in

District of Columbia

All of the following concepts were purposed by the joint committee on reconstruction EXCEPT

former Confederate leaders should be allowed to join Congress

Lincoln and some Republicans argued throughout the war that the southern states

had never left the Union

The flaws in the 15th amendment allowed for

literacy tests for foreign-born citizens disfranchisement of women literacy tests for African-Americans in the south

The enforcement act of 1870

made it a federal crime to deny the right to vote because of race

Southern whites who supported the Republican Party were known as

scalawags

The Ku Klux Klan was originally formed as a

social club

The Southern urban police forces were used to enforce the laws and

terrorize African-Americans

Under the sharecropping system

the owner supplied a place to stay, materials and a piece of land to grow cotton

Former slaves were usually unable to purchase land because

they had no savings

Under President Johnson's reconstruction plan, the confederate states were readmitted as soon as

they ratified the 13th amendment

The term "comancheros" was applies to what group and why?

New Mexicans because of their cattle trading with the Comanche

Pro-black general who led an agency that tried to assist the freedmen

Oliver O. Howard

General term for the herding of cattle from the grassy plains tot he railroad terminals of Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming

Open Range

Swift, Hammond, Armour, and Morris are names of what type of companies and in what city were they located?

Packing companies in Chicago

There was controversy over the starting and ending destinations of the railroad. What four cities were considered for the ending of the railroad?

Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego

Who ended the land distribution to former slaves?

President Johnson

The concept of standardized time became an important one when the transcontinental railroads began to run. Three of the reason are listed below EXCEPT

Pullman car passengers demanded timely arrivals and departures

Buffalo Bill Cody's "Wild West, Rocky Mountain, and Prairie Exhibition" was very successful. It gave citizens living in the eastern part of the country and in Europe the unrealistic, untrue, romanticized, spectacle of the West they wanted. All of the following statements provide reasons why any other type of show would not have been successful EXCEPT

Realism was what people came to the show to see

In 1865 Civil War veterans who had been cattlemen prior to the war returned to their families and what remained of their ranches. One of their first acts was to organize a "cow-hunt." What statement best describes that term?

Reassembling cattle that had been part of family hers prior to the Civil War

Law of March 1867 that imposed military rule on the south and disenfranchised former thousands of former Confederates

Reconstruction

Laudatory term for white southerners who worked to overthrow Reconstruction and establish Home Rule regimes in the southern states

Redeemers

Invention by Gustavus Swift that allowed for the meat in the West to safely make it to the east without spoiling

Refrigerator carts

The Democratic platform for the 1872 presidential election focused on

Republican corruption and civil service reform

All are newly founded black colleges in the South EXCEPT

Richmond

Derogatory term for white Southerners who cooperated with the Republican Reconstruction governments

Scalawags

Nickname given to land purchase of Alaska as it was thought to be worthless

Seward's Folly

System of farming where blacks and poor whites worked farm land in exchange for a portion of the crop

Shared cropping

Precious metal that soft-money advocates demanded be coined again to compensate for the Crime of '73

Silver

Major northern Plains Indian nation that fought and eventually lost a bitter war against the U.S. Army, 1876-1877

Sioux

Where did the idea of forty acres and a mule come from?

Special Field Order No. 15

President Andrew Johnson's angry, disastrous political trip attacking Congress in the campaign of 1866

Swing around the circle

System of farming where blacks and poor whites rented land on which to grow crops

Tenant farming

Leader of the radical Republicans in the House of Representatives

Thaddeus Stevens

The romanticizing of certain outlaws by writers made these men appear more Robin Hood like than they actually were. They robbed banks and trains and not for philanthropic reasons. However, in many cases they had unspoken support and some admiration from small farmers. All of the following would have been reasons for that support EXCEPT

They could count on the outlaws sharing the money with them

The following statements describe the benefits of raising Texas Longhorn cattle EXCEPT

They could easily be confined to pens

The 14th amendment included all of the following concepts EXCEPT

equality of gender

How many votes did Congress come short of impeachment?

1

The impact of railroads on the length of time it took to cross the country was dramatic. In 1849 it took 6 to 8 weeks to travel to California. How long did it take in the 1870s?

10 days

Lincoln's 1863 program for a rapid Reconstruction of the South

10% plan

Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery

13th amendment

The constitutional amendment granting citizenship rights to freed slaves

14th amendment

Constitutional amendment guaranteeing blacks the right to vote

15th Amendment

Support for a transcontinental railroad began in the

1850s

The United States Justice Department was created in

1870

The Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty gave what two provisions to the Comanche tribe?

A Comanche reservation and the right to hunt on open plains below the Arkansas River in Oklahoma

Author of the moderate 10 percent Reconstruction plan that ran into Congressional opposition

Abraham Lincoln

Former Confederate vice president whose election to Congress in 1865 infuriated northerners

Alexander Stephens

Born a poor white southerner, he became the white South's champion against Radical Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson

Went on a tour of states "swinging around the circle" to promote his ideas and anti-Congress beliefs

Andrew Johnson

Southwestern Indian tribe led by Geronimo that carries out some of the last fighting against white conquest

Apache

Invention that closed the plains to free grazers

Barbwire

The president pro tempore of the Senate who hoped to become president of the United States after Johnson's impeachment conviction

Benjamin Wade

Dismissal of this Secretary of War promoted Johnson's impeachment proceedings

Edwin S. Stanton

Who was the first Native American Commissioner of Indian Affairs?

Ely S. Parker

The finding of gold and other minerals sent many ethnic groups to California and Montana. It also brought ethnic conflicts and allowed the displacing of some ethnic groups. Which of the following answers is NOT supportive of this statement?

European miners did not displace any workers when they were hired to work in the mines

Supreme Court ruling that military tribunals could not try civilians when the civil courts were open

Ex parte Milligan

Blacks who moved west during Reconstruction

Exodusters

The Homestead Act offered 160 acres to white settlers who could maintain their property for five years. All of the following were challenges to those moving West EXCEPT

Finding land to establish their homesteads

Acts of 1870 and 1871 passed by Congress in response to atrocities committed by the KKK

Force Acts

Federal agency that greatly assisted blacks educationally but failed in other aid efforts

Freedman's Bureau

Generally poor areas where vanquished Indians were eventually confined under federal control

Reservation

The first Southern state legislature to expel all the African-American members was

Georgia

Indian religious movement, originating out of the sacred Sun Dance that the federal government attempted to stamp out in 1890

Ghost Dance

Mark Twain's sarcastic name for the post-Civil War era, which emphasized its atmosphere of greed and corruption

Gilded age

Thaddeus Stevens and the Radical Republicans' plan for reconstruction focused on the clause that

Guaranteed each state a republican form of government

Despite the fact that Americans were eating more beef it was difficult to get the beef from the range to the table. What was the response of Joseph G. McCoy to the need for a shorter time for the food to reach people?

He founded Abilene, Kansas, near a railroad, so his cattle could board trains closer to where he herded them

Mexicanos empowered themselves against the newly arrived ranchers by forming the White Caps. The group took the following actions EXCEPT

Held on-going negotiations with the ranchers

Who was the only Southern leader to be tried for treason and executed?

Henry Wirz

Black Republican senator from Mississippi during Reconstruction

Hiram Revels

Federal law that offered generous land opportunities to poorer farmers but also provided the unscrupulous with opportunities for hoaxes and fraud

Homestead Act

Segregation laws were also known as

Jim Crow Laws

White supremacist organization that created a reign of terror against blacks until it was largely suppressed by federal troops

KKK

Short-lived third party of 1872 that attempted to curb Grant administration curruption

Liberal republican party

The Ghost Dance Movement that emerged prominently among the Sioux in 1890 promised the tribe what two things would happen if they returned to their ancient traditions?

The bison would return and white people would disappear

Tensions over fencing land caused conflicts in New Mexico between Mexicanos and newly arriving whites. All of the following were reasons for that conflict EXCEPT

There was not enough land available

Why were many former Confederate officers and leaders given parsons by President Johnson?

They declared their loyalty to the federal government

What were three goals of President Grant's Indian Peace Policy?

Treat the Indian with dignity, end the corruption in the Indian Bureau, and establish peace

The black political organization that promoted self-help and defense of political rights during Reconstruction

Union League

The congressional bill of 1864 requiring 50 percent of a state's voters to take an oath of allegiance before rejoining Union; vetoed by Lincoln, but eventually enacted by Congress

Wade-Davis Bill

The symbol of the Republican political tactic of attacking Democrats with reminders of the Civil War

Waving the bloody shirt

Secretary of state who arranged an initially unpopular but valuable land deal in 1867

William Seward

Women were represented in the West as homesteaders. However, marital status was the determining factor as to whether homesteading was an option. What factor determined whether women could file homestead claims?

Women had to be single

Site of a massacre of surrendering natives in 1890 that for years was marked as a battle

Wounded Knee

The 13th Amendment

abolished slavery

The 15th amendment guaranteed the right to vote to

all male citizens

To get the economy of the Southern states back on track, the federal government turned to

cotton

The Tenure of Office Act was passed by Congress to

ensure that Secretary of State Stanton would stay in office ensure that a person in a position requiring senate approval could not be replaced until the senate approved the successor ensure the President could not replace a Cabinet member or an ambassador without senate approval