APUSH MIDTERM UNIT 1
"Be therefore ordered and enacted...That whatsoever person or persons within this Province...shall henceforth blaspheme God, that is curse Him or shall deny our Savior Christ to be the Son of God or shall deny the Holy Trinity...shall be punished with death and confiscation of property. And whereas that no persons thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be in any way troubled, molested or discountenanced for in respect of his or her religion nor in free exercise thereof within this province or the islands thereunto belonging nor in any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent." -The Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649 1. Which of the following religious groups were most likely the authors the above document? a. Jews b. Puritans c. Quakers d. Roman Catholics
D
"And it is further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that...no sugars, tobacco, cotton-wool, indigo, ginger, fustic or other dying wood, of growth, production, or manufacture of any English plantations in America, Asia, or Africa, shall be shipped, carried conveyed or transported, from any of the said English plantations to any land, island, territory, dominion, port or place whatsoever, other than to such other English plantations as do belong to his Majesty...under the penalty of the forfeiture of said goods, or the full value thereof, and also the ship, with all her guns, tackle, apparel, ammunition and furniture." The Navigation Act of 1660 12. What accounts most for the scant success of the above law in modifying English colonial behavior in North America? a. Weak economic growth and the lack of external competition b. Decades of the British government's relative indifference to colonial governance c. The presence of slavery and growing colonial wars d. The rejection of Anglicanism in the colonies
a
"Be therefore ordered and enacted...That whatsoever person or persons within this Province...shall henceforth blaspheme God, that is curse Him or shall deny our Savior Christ to be the Son of God or shall deny the Holy Trinity...shall be punished with death and confiscation of property. And whereas that no persons thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be in any way troubled, molested or discountenanced for in respect of his or her religion nor in free exercise thereof within this province or the islands thereunto belonging nor in any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent." -The Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649 Which religious denomination would have been most threatened by this so-called Act of Toleration? a. Jews b. Puritans c. Quakers d. Roman Catholic
a
"First, although this Realm be already exceedingly rich by nature, yet might it be much increased by laying the waste grounds (which are infinite) into such employments as should no way hinder the present revenues of other manured [cultivated] lands, but hereby to supply ourselves and prevent the importations of Hemp, Flax, Cordage, Tobacco, and divers other things which now we fetch from strangers to our great impoverishing. 2. We may likewise diminish our importations, if we would soberly refrain from excessive consumption of forraign wares in our diet and rayment,...which vices at this present are more notorious amongst us than in former ages. Yet might they easily be amended by enforcing the observation of such good laws as are strictly practiced in other Countries against the said excesses; where likewise by commanding their own manufactures to be used, they prevent the coming in of others.... 3. The value of our exportations likewise may be much advanced when we perform it ourselves in our own Ships, for then we get only not the price of our wares as they are worth here, but also the Merchants gains, the charges of insurance, and freight to carry them beyond the seas... Thomas Munn, English Economist, 1664 27. The economic policies being asserted above would have been most consistent with a. Mercantilism b. Socialism c. Capitalism d. Communism
a
"In excelsis gloria. Within a lodge of broken bark The tender babe was found A ragged robe of rabbit skin En-wrapped His beauty round But as the hunter braves drew nigh The angel song rang loud and high [Refrain] Jesus your King is born Jesus is born The earliest moon of wintertime Is not so round and fair As was the ring of glory On the helpless Infant there The chiefs from far before Him knelt With gifts of fox and beaver pelt [Refrain]" Huron Tribe Christmas Carol or "Twas in the moon of wintertime," composed by Jean de Brébeuf in the Native American language of the Huron people in 1643, translated by Jesse Edgar Middleton 9. The European colonization model evidenced by the song above a. used trade alliances and intermarriage with American Indians to acquire products for export to Europe. b. established tight control over the colonization process to convert and/or exploit the population. c. sent colonists to acquire land and populate their settlements while having relatively hostile relationships with American Indians. d. integrated a coherent hierarchal imperial structure and pursued economic aims.
a
13. Which of the following had the most impact in shaping colonial resistance to the above law (navigation act 1660)? a. Political thought shaped by the Enlightenment b. Conflicts with American Indian groups c. The growth of the African slave trade d. Colonial dedication to mercantilist principles
a
19. By the mid-18th century, the fervor illustrated in the image above a. contributed to resistance toward imperial control. b. stimulated the growth of ideas on race, leading to racial stereotyping. c. led to the growth of autonomous political communities based on English models. d. supported accommodation with some aspects of American Indian culture.
a
30 Which region of British North American would have been the producer of the most valuable export? a. The Chesapeake b. New England colonies c. The Middle Colonies d. The Southern Colonies
a
"Be therefore ordered and enacted...That whatsoever person or persons within this Province...shall henceforth blaspheme God, that is curse Him or shall deny our Savior Christ to be the Son of God or shall deny the Holy Trinity...shall be punished with death and confiscation of property. And whereas that no persons thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be in any way troubled, molested or discountenanced for in respect of his or her religion nor in free exercise thereof within this province or the islands thereunto belonging nor in any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent." -The Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649 Which of the following leaders would have been the inspiration behind the above edict? a. William Berkeley b. Cecilius Calvert c. George Fox d. The Duke of York
b
"First, although this Realm be already exceedingly rich by nature, yet might it be much increased by laying the waste grounds (which are infinite) into such employments as should no way hinder the present revenues of other manured [cultivated] lands, but hereby to supply ourselves and prevent the importations of Hemp, Flax, Cordage, Tobacco, and divers other things which now we fetch from strangers to our great impoverishing. 2. We may likewise diminish our importations, if we would soberly refrain from excessive consumption of forraign wares in our diet and rayment,...which vices at this present are more notorious amongst us than in former ages. Yet might they easily be amended by enforcing the observation of such good laws as are strictly practiced in other Countries against the said excesses; where likewise by commanding their own manufactures to be used, they prevent the coming in of others.... 3. The value of our exportations likewise may be much advanced when we perform it ourselves in our own Ships, for then we get only not the price of our wares as they are worth here, but also the Merchants gains, the charges of insurance, and freight to carry them beyond the seas... Thomas Munn, English Economist, 1664 29. Which commodity list by the author would ultimately been most valuable? a. Hemp b. Tobacco c. Flax Cordage
b
"In excelsis gloria. Within a lodge of broken bark The tender babe was found A ragged robe of rabbit skin En-wrapped His beauty round But as the hunter braves drew nigh The angel song rang loud and high [Refrain] Jesus your King is born Jesus is born The earliest moon of wintertime Is not so round and fair As was the ring of glory On the helpless Infant there The chiefs from far before Him knelt With gifts of fox and beaver pelt [Refrain]" Huron Tribe Christmas Carol or "Twas in the moon of wintertime," composed by Jean de Brébeuf in the Native American language of the Huron people in 1643, translated by Jesse Edgar Middleton 8. The song above was most likely a 17th-century artifact from European colonization efforts of the a. English. b. French. c. Portuguese. d. Spanish.
b
"Objection 5: But what warrant have we to take that land, which is and has been of long time possessed of others, the sons of Adam? "Answer: That which is common to all is proper to none. This savage people rule over many lands without title or property; for they enclose no ground, neither have they cattle to maintain it, but remove their dwellings as they have occasion, or as they can prevail against their neighbors. And why may not Christians have liberty to go and dwell amongst them in their waste lands and woods....Secondly, there is more than enough for them and us. Thirdly, God has consumed the natives with a miraculous plague, whereby the greater part of the country is left void of inhabitants. Fourthly, we shall come in with good leave of the natives." John Winthrop, General Considerations for the Plantation in New England with an Answer to Several Objections..., 1629 14. Which European approach to colonization is most consistent with the arguments in the excerpt above? a. Using trade alliances and intermarriage with American Indians to acquire products for export to Europe b. Establishing tight control over the colonization process to convert and/or exploit the native populations c. Sending men and women to acquire land and populate settlements while having relatively hostile relationships with the native inhabitants d. Integrating a coherent hierarchal imperial structure and pursing economic aims
b
"Objection 5: But what warrant have we to take that land, which is and has been of long time possessed of others, the sons of Adam? "Answer: That which is common to all is proper to none. This savage people rule over many lands without title or property; for they enclose no ground, neither have they cattle to maintain it, but remove their dwellings as they have occasion, or as they can prevail against their neighbors. And why may not Christians have liberty to go and dwell amongst them in their waste lands and woods....Secondly, there is more than enough for them and us. Thirdly, God has consumed the natives with a miraculous plague, whereby the greater part of the country is left void of inhabitants. Fourthly, we shall come in with good leave of the natives." John Winthrop, General Considerations for the Plantation in New England with an Answer to Several Objections..., 1629 16. The North American colonial settlements referenced in the passage above tended to a. be economically, religiously, and ethnically diverse. b. establish like-minded, close-knit, homogeneous communities. c. be dedicated to converting American Indians to Christianity. d. develop staple crop economies based on slave labor.
b
"These at the head of the James River grew impatient at the many slaughters of their neighbors and rose for their own defense, who choosing Mr. Bacon for their leader, sent oftentimes to the Governor...beseeching a commission to go against the Indians at their own charge; which His Honor as often promised but did not send....During these protractions people were often slain. This day lapsing and no commission to come they marched into the wilderness in quest of these Natives. The Governor denounced the rebels but Mr. Bacon, with 57 men proceeded...They fired and slew 150 Indians." Sam Kercheval, Virginia author and lawyer, On Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia, 1833 21. Based upon the excerpt what is the point of view of Sam Kercheval toward Bacon and his followers? a. They were wild-eyed rebels who threatened the stability of the colony. b. They were frustrated men who were taking action because their grievances were no redressed by the governor. c. They were allies of the Governor acting upon his orders to attack the Natives. d. They were primarily political supporters of Bacon's attempt to become the new Governor of Virginia
b
22. Bacon's Rebellion was initiated by a group of men who felt most threatened by a. An increase in royal taxation b. The power of the planter aristocracy c. Conflicts with Natives d. The growth of the slave trade in Virginia
b
6. Which of the following concepts was responsible for a large wave of migration to Virginia by the 1630s? a. The land grants as part of the Restoration of the Stuart Monarchy b. The granting of head rights by the House of Burgesses c. The end of the English Civil War and establishment of the Protectorate under Cromwell . d. The initiation of primogeniture in the Chesapeake
b
"And I have nothing to comfort me, nor is there nothing to be gotten here but sickness and death, except [in the event] that one had money to lay out in some things for profit. But I have nothing at all no, not a shirt to my back but two rags (2), nor clothes but one poor suit, nor but one pair of shoes, but one pair of stockings, but one cap, [and] but two bands [collars]. My cloak is stolen by one of my fellows, and to his dying hour [he] would not tell me what he did with it; but some of my fellows saw him have butter and beef out of a ship, which my cloak, I doubt [not], paid for. So that I have not a penny, nor a penny worth, to help me too either spice or sugar or strong waters, without the which one cannot live here. For as strong beer in England doth fatten and strengthen them, so water here doth wash and weaken these here [and] only keeps [their] life and soul together. But I am not half [of] a quarter so strong as I was in England, and all is for want of victuals; for I do protest unto you that I have eaten more in [one] day at home than I have allowed me here for a week. You have given more than my day's allowance to a beggar at the door; and if Mr. Jackson had not relieved me, I should be in a poor case. But he like a father and she like a loving mother doth still help me...." RICHARD FRETHORNE, 1632 Virginia 7. In addition to Virginia one might find sources similar to the above passage in studying the history of which of the following future states? a. North Carolina b. South Carolina c. Maryland d. Pennsylvania
c
"Be therefore ordered and enacted...That whatsoever person or persons within this Province...shall henceforth blaspheme God, that is curse Him or shall deny our Savior Christ to be the Son of God or shall deny the Holy Trinity...shall be punished with death and confiscation of property. And whereas that no persons thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be in any way troubled, molested or discountenanced for in respect of his or her religion nor in free exercise thereof within this province or the islands thereunto belonging nor in any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent." -The Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649 2. Which of the following best summarizes the attitude toward religious beliefs expressed in this document? a. All individuals should be free to believe or not believe in God as wished. b. Religion was a private personal matter that the government should not try and influence c. Christians should be able to practice their faith without fear of prosecution d. The Colony should be reserved for the one specific type of Christianity approved by local government.
c
"First, although this Realm be already exceedingly rich by nature, yet might it be much increased by laying the waste grounds (which are infinite) into such employments as should no way hinder the present revenues of other manured [cultivated] lands, but hereby to supply ourselves and prevent the importations of Hemp, Flax, Cordage, Tobacco, and divers other things which now we fetch from strangers to our great impoverishing. 2. We may likewise diminish our importations, if we would soberly refrain from excessive consumption of forraign wares in our diet and rayment,...which vices at this present are more notorious amongst us than in former ages. Yet might they easily be amended by enforcing the observation of such good laws as are strictly practiced in other Countries against the said excesses; where likewise by commanding their own manufactures to be used, they prevent the coming in of others.... 3. The value of our exportations likewise may be much advanced when we perform it ourselves in our own Ships, for then we get only not the price of our wares as they are worth here, but also the Merchants gains, the charges of insurance, and freight to carry them beyond the seas... Thomas Munn, English Economist, 1664 28. Which line from the passage would be consistent with the concept of a nation having a "balance of trade?" a. "although this Realm be already exceedingly rich by nature, yet might it be much increased by laying the waste grounds." b. "The value of our exportations likewise may be much advanced when we perform it ourselves in our own Ships." c. We may likewise diminish our importations, if we would soberly refrain from excessive consumption of forraign wares in our diet and rayment" d. "But hereby to supply ourselves and prevent the importations of Hemp, Flax, Cordage, Tobacco, and divers other things which now we fetch from strangers to our great impoverishing."
c
"Objection 5: But what warrant have we to take that land, which is and has been of long time possessed of others, the sons of Adam? "Answer: That which is common to all is proper to none. This savage people rule over many lands without title or property; for they enclose no ground, neither have they cattle to maintain it, but remove their dwellings as they have occasion, or as they can prevail against their neighbors. And why may not Christians have liberty to go and dwell amongst them in their waste lands and woods....Secondly, there is more than enough for them and us. Thirdly, God has consumed the natives with a miraculous plague, whereby the greater part of the country is left void of inhabitants. Fourthly, we shall come in with good leave of the natives." John Winthrop, General Considerations for the Plantation in New England with an Answer to Several Objections..., 1629 17. The attitude expressed by Winthrop in this document would one day lead to which of the following? a. Queen Anne's War b. Bacon's Rebellion c. The Powhatan War d. The Stono Rebellion
c
20. Which of the following would NOT have been a core value that was part the theology of the "New Lights?" a. Salvation by Faith Alone and not good works b. All people are sinful yet they can all be save through their own free will. c. God has already determined at the beginning of time the sinners from the "elect." d. One must maintain a close personal connection with Christ as one's Savior
c
23. Which of the following led the opposition to Bacon's Rebellion? a. Leaders of the Anglican Church b. Members of the House of Burgesses c. The Colonial Governor d. Members of the British Army
c
"And I have nothing to comfort me, nor is there nothing to be gotten here but sickness and death, except [in the event] that one had money to lay out in some things for profit. But I have nothing at all no, not a shirt to my back but two rags (2), nor clothes but one poor suit, nor but one pair of shoes, but one pair of stockings, but one cap, [and] but two bands [collars]. My cloak is stolen by one of my fellows, and to his dying hour [he] would not tell me what he did with it; but some of my fellows saw him have butter and beef out of a ship, which my cloak, I doubt [not], paid for. So that I have not a penny, nor a penny worth, to help me too either spice or sugar or strong waters, without the which one cannot live here. For as strong beer in England doth fatten and strengthen them, so water here doth wash and weaken these here [and] only keeps [their] life and soul together. But I am not half [of] a quarter so strong as I was in England, and all is for want of victuals; for I do protest unto you that I have eaten more in [one] day at home than I have allowed me here for a week. You have given more than my day's allowance to a beggar at the door; and if Mr. Jackson had not relieved me, I should be in a poor case. But he like a father and she like a loving mother doth still help me...." RICHARD FRETHORNE, 1632 Virginia 5. Which of the following best describes the social status of Richard Frethorne based upon the above source? a. A prosperous land owner b. A tobacco shipper c. An African slave d. An indentured servant
d
"And it is further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that...no sugars, tobacco, cotton-wool, indigo, ginger, fustic or other dying wood, of growth, production, or manufacture of any English plantations in America, Asia, or Africa, shall be shipped, carried conveyed or transported, from any of the said English plantations to any land, island, territory, dominion, port or place whatsoever, other than to such other English plantations as do belong to his Majesty...under the penalty of the forfeiture of said goods, or the full value thereof, and also the ship, with all her guns, tackle, apparel, ammunition and furniture." The Navigation Act of 1660 11. The policies stated in the above law can best be seen as an example of a. Enlightenment thinking. b. capitalism. c. communism. d. mercantilism.
d
"For I knew that they were a people who could be more easily freed and converted to our holy faith by love than by force, gave to some of them red caps, and glass beads to put round their necks, and many other things of little value, which gave them great pleasure, and made them so much our friends....It appeared to me to be a race of people very poor in everything....They have no iron, their darts being wands without iron, some of them having a fish's tooth at the end....They should be good servants and intelligent, for I observed that they quickly took in what was said to them, and I believe that they would easily be made Christians as it appeared to me that they had no religion." Christopher Columbus upon reaching the West Indies, 1492 The Journal of Christopher Columbus (during his First Voyage, 1492-93) and Documents Relating to the Voyages of John Cabot and Gaspar Corte Real (London: Hakluyt Society, 1893) 24. In the passage above, Columbus likely mentioned the American Indians' interest in glass beads and weapons a. to demonstrate the social diversification among societies in these areas. b. as an example of their largely mobile and nomadic lifestyles. c. to prove the cultural inferiority of racially mixed populations. d. because it exemplified the very different worldview of American Indians.
d
"For I knew that they were a people who could be more easily freed and converted to our holy faith by love than by force, gave to some of them red caps, and glass beads to put round their necks, and many other things of little value, which gave them great pleasure, and made them so much our friends....It appeared to me to be a race of people very poor in everything....They have no iron, their darts being wands without iron, some of them having a fish's tooth at the end....They should be good servants and intelligent, for I observed that they quickly took in what was said to them, and I believe that they would easily be made Christians as it appeared to me that they had no religion." Christopher Columbus upon reaching the West Indies, 1492 The Journal of Christopher Columbus (during his First Voyage, 1492-93) and Documents Relating to the Voyages of John Cabot and Gaspar Corte Real (London: Hakluyt Society, 1893) 26. The sentiments expressed by Columbus in the excerpt above best support which future Spanish goal? a. Shifting the Spanish economy from feudalism to capitalism b. Organizing new methods for conducting international trade c. Implementing a plantation-based agricultural system d. Attempting to change American Indians' beliefs and worldviews
d
"Objection 5: But what warrant have we to take that land, which is and has been of long time possessed of others, the sons of Adam? "Answer: That which is common to all is proper to none. This savage people rule over many lands without title or property; for they enclose no ground, neither have they cattle to maintain it, but remove their dwellings as they have occasion, or as they can prevail against their neighbors. And why may not Christians have liberty to go and dwell amongst them in their waste lands and woods....Secondly, there is more than enough for them and us. Thirdly, God has consumed the natives with a miraculous plague, whereby the greater part of the country is left void of inhabitants. Fourthly, we shall come in with good leave of the natives." John Winthrop, General Considerations for the Plantation in New England with an Answer to Several Objections..., 1629 15 The author of the excerpt above was most interested in a. participating in the fur trade with the native communities. b. generating great wealth for the king in England. c. converting American Indians to Christianity. d. justifying the takeover of American Indian lands.
d
(i can only put the pic on the definition side so go look at that) 18. Which colonial trend from the 17th and 18th centuries is best illustrated by the image above? a. The spread of Enlightenment thought b. The Anglicanization of the British colonies c. Puritans seeking to establish a community of religious believers d. Protestant evangelism
d
10. Which of the following is LEAST representative of 16th- and 17th-century European colonial practices? a. A desire for new sources of wealth, increased power and status, and converts to Christianity b. Attempts to change American Indian beliefs and worldviews on basic social issues such as religion, gender roles, and the family c. Rapid and substantial growth of evangelical and fundamentalist Christian churches and organizations d. The embrace of different social and economic goals, cultural assumptions, and folkways, resulting in varied models of colonization
d
25. After Columbus's arrival in the West Indies, Spanish religion and Christian conversion were often used as a rationale to a. racially mix populations. b. trigger extensive demographic change. c. transform the diverse environment. d. justify the subjugation of American Indians.
d