APUSH Period 4 Study Guide

"The committee [of the South Carolina Legislature] have bestowed on the subjects referred to them the deliberate attention which their importance demands; and the result, on full investigation, is a unanimous opinion that the act of Congress of the last session, with the whole system of legislation imposing duties on imports, not for revenue, but the protection of one branch of industry at the expense of others, is unconstitutional, unequal, and oppressive, and calculated to corrupt the public virtue and destroy the liberty of the country; which propositions they propose to consider in the order stated, and then to conclude their report with the consideration of the important question of the remedy." -- South Carolina Exposition and Protest, 1828 What issue does the South Carolina legislature have with Congress? What region(s) of the country would agree with the message? What region(s) of the country would disagree with the message? Does this document support the American System? How do you know? What is the Historical Circumstance of this document? Who is the Intended Audience of this document? What is the Point of View of the document? What is the Purpose of this document?

Congress putting out the Tariff of Abominations The Northeast The South and Midwest No this document does not support the American System because when you oppose the tariff, it results in the entire system being opposed. The Nullification Crisis The Federal government John C. Calhoun and his followers To protect South Carolina from the Tariff of Abominations and the economic failure it would bring.

How did African Americans protect their dignity and family structures?

Creating and joining political movements designed to protect them

Would the following support or oppose Garrison's message? Why? American Colonization Society Southern Plantation Owners Those that supported the Women's Rights Movement

American Colonization Society: They wanted slavery to decrease slowly, so they didn't want a fast outbreak of emancipation. Southern Plantation Owners: Slave owners didn't like the idea of emancipation, because they might have lost their property. Those that supported the Women's Rights Movement: Abolitionist and women's rights movements were closely related so they would probably favor the message.

What were reasons for the growth of the Second Party System? (Democrats and Whigs).

Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay were strong politicians, and needed a lot of supporters to achieve their goals.

What is nativism? What are examples of this during Antebellum America?

Fear, distrust, and hatred of foreigners. People would post help wanted signs that said "No Irish need apply."

What two groups immigrated in large numbers to America in the 1830s and 1840s? Where did they tend to settle?

Germans and Irish. They tended to settle in large cities in the Northeast, like Boston and New York

Identify and describe three different abolitionists.

Harriet Beecher Stowe - Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, which showed the evils of slavery Grimke Sisters - Advocated abolitionism and women's rights Harriet Tubman - Former slave who helped slaves escape via the Underground Railroad

How does Garrison justify his approach towards slavery?

He thinks he deserves to be heard and that it is really important.

Identify and briefly explain three impacts of the Second Great Awakening? (Check out THIS video for a recap of the Second Great Awakening)

Inspired perfectionism, reform movements grew; abolitionism, women played a more significant role

What was the message of the Monroe Doctrine?

It warned European nations that the US would not allowed interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

How did the following Supreme Court Cases help establish the supremacy of federal over state laws? McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): It dealt with the 2nd BUS (Maryland didn't like it), so the Supreme Court sues Maryland, showing the federal government is supreme over state governments. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): Can a state control interstate trade? Marshall said no, only congress has control over interstate trade.

What were the three parts of the Missouri Compromise? Why was it important for both the North and South to have the balance of states equal at 12?

Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine was admitted as a free state, and slavery disallowed in future territories north except within Missouri itself.

What happened to the amount of Americans able to vote under Andrew Jackson's Presidency? What groups were still not able to vote?

More people (white males) could vote. Blacks and women could still not vote.

Identify and explain two examples of slave rebellions between 1800 and 1848.

Nat Turner's Rebellion - In Virginia he and his followers killed every white person they encountered for twelve hours. Fort Blount - Three hundred fugitive slaves and Florida Indians battled U.S. Army troops at Apalachicola Bay in Florida.

Identify and briefly explain two new technological innovations ruling the Market Revolution.

Steamboat - Allowed boats to travel against the current Cotton Gin - Drastically increased cotton production because it separated the cotton from the seeds.

How were tensions?

Tensions were high because of things like the Nullification Crisis

What were arguments used by the South to counter Garrison's message?

The "Positive Good" argument.

What document was the Declaration of Sentiments inspired by? How do you know? Why might the authors chosen to have done this?

The Declaration of Sentiments was inspired by The Declaration of Independence, because it is similar to the List of Grievances. I think the author did this to show the un-appeal of not being an American.

"[T]his momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it, at once as the [death] knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper." -- Source: Thomas Jefferson to John Randolph, April 22, 1820 What is the Historical Context of this document? What is the Purpose of this document?

The Missouri Compromise as well as the growing divisions between the free north and the slave South. The purpose was to get support about the splitting of America

How were Native Americans impacted as a result of westward ex

The Native Americans were forced to move to based on the Indian Removal Act and didn't want to, resulting in things like the Trail of Tears.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness..... The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpation on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world..." What is the Historical Circumstance of this document? Who is the Intended Audience of this document? What is the Point of View of the document? What is the Purpose of this document?

The Seneca Falls Convention American citizens, especially women Those who went to the the Seneca Falls convention, or those who supported women's rights. To give a statement of women's rights and talk about things for those who opposed.

What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

The case established the principle of judicial review, and the Supreme Court got the ability to declare laws unconstitutional.

*Political cartoon about Europe messing with America* What is the Historical Circumstance of this document? Who is the Intended Audience of this document? What is the Point of View of the document? What is the Purpose of this document?

The foreign policy of the early 19th century, mostly with Europe interfering with America American citizens Someone who advocates for the Monroe doctrine To convince Americans to favor the Monroe doctrine.

What was the goal of Henry Clay's American System? Was it successful?

The goal of the American System was to make the United States economically independent. Yes it was successful.

What was the goal of the Seneca Falls Convention? Did they achieve this goal?

The goal was to give women's rights and show the unfair treatment. Yes they achieved this goal, as this convention sparked the women's rights movement which soon gained national attention.

*Picture of King Andrew The First, aka Andrew Jackson, the president* What is the point of view of the cartoon? (Positive? Negative? How do you know?) What political party would support the image above? What political party would oppose the image above? Would the following people/groups agree or disagree with the depiction of Andrew Jackson in the image? Why? Native Americans such as the Cherokees Individuals that opposed the BUS John C. Calhoun and his supporters

What is the point of view of the cartoon? (Positive? Negative? How do you know?) The Whigs The Democrats Native Americans such as the Cherokees: Agree because they think Jackson has too much power as he is forcing them to move. Individuals that opposed the BUS: Disagree because Jackson vetoed the BUS John C. Calhoun and his supporters: Agree because Calhoun and his supporters didn't like federal power.