APUSH Unit 1 Key Terms and People
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
an agreement between spain and portugal to settle conflicts over new world
What sparked the Great Awakening?
"sinners in the hands of an angry god"
What was a Huguenot?
A member of the Protestant minority in France; john calvin
What was the triangular trade?
A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa
What were the names of the three main empires developed in northern america before European settlement?
Aztec, Inca, and Mayan
Who started the Great Awakening?
Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield
Who were the conquistadors?
Spanish explorers and conquerors of the new world
What was the Iroquois Confederacy?
Strongest Native American organization made up of 5 groups (later 6)
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of plants, animals, ideas, slaves, and diseases between the old world and new world
What was the Middle Passage?
The journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas
Why did King Philip's War begin?
The natives disliked the forced way of living by the English settlers. The natives fount it as a threat and the war began. Also, Metacomet wanted to get avenge his brother
What is a joint-stock company?
a company where investors buy part ownership for a return of its future profits
Who is Roger Williams?
a puritan that founded rhode island and believed in separation of church and state
What were the Salem Witch Trials?
a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts
What were the Navigation Acts?
a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies
What was the caravel and when was it created?
a ship that sailed easily and better in wind; late 15th century
What was the encomienda system?
a system in which the Spanish had the right to demand labor from Native Americans; said they were protecting the lower class natives
What was the headright system?
a system of land grants used in virginia to encourage immigration to the colony; gave land to people who brought indentured servants to land
What was Bacon's Rebellion?
an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley
What was the Pueblo Revolt?
an uprising of many pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico
What were indentured servants?
colonists who agreed to work for a master in exchange for payment of their passage to America; some would die from hard labor or never be released by their master
What was the Barbados Slave Code?
denied the most fundamental rights to slaves, gave masters virtually complete control over them, adopted in Carolina in 1661
What was the Mayflower Compact?
document signed by men on the Mayflower that led to self-government in the colonies
What did Prince Henry the Navigator do?
encouraged and sponsored navigation to the west
Who is Christopher Columbus?
first European credited with discovering the Americas in 1492; looking for Indies and found Americas; sailed for Spaniards but was Italian
Who was Vasco de Gama?
first European to reach India by sea
What is the thesis of Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond?
geography is destiny; Europeans lived with more germs so better immunity, lived close to fertile crescent so knew more about metal tech, and were already equipped with guns because of this
What are the three main motives for exploration of the new world?
god: converting people to Christianity gold: to find gold and gain wealth glory: compete/beat other countries/monarchies
Who was John Winthrop and what is he known for?
governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony who gave "City on a Hill" sermon (thought Puritans were above everyone else)
Who were the Mound Builders?
hunter-gatherers who built mounds called cahokias
What was the first successful settlement in the new world?
jamestown (roanoake was first but unsuccessful)
What was a major cash crop in the first settlements?
maize/corn
What is the system of mercantilism?
opposite of free trade; many restrictions on trading and focused on country's own wealth/growth
What was Beringia?
prehistoric land bridge connecting Asia and North America but did not exist after ice age because of large amounts of water melting into oceans; explains how people got to America before Europeans sailed
Who was William Penn? What did he do?
quaker who founded Pennsylvania colony and made it a place of religious freedom
Who is Anne Hutchinson?
she did not follow the strict puritan religion and was therefore tried, convicted, and banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony
What is predestination?
the belief that God has already decided who would go to heaven or hell
What was the House of Burgesses?
the first legislative assembly in the American colonies in Virginia
What was the Great Migration?
the mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North
What is historiography?
the study of historical writing
What was three sisters farming?
the three main agricultural crops were corn (maize), squash, and climbing beans
Who were the Puritans and what did they believe?
they fled from England to find religious freedom but did not accept others in the new world; they wanted to purify the Anglican church and remove things that weren't in the Bible; predestination
What does nomadic mean?
to move from place to place because they have no home or set place to live
What was the result of the Glorious Revolution?
to overthrow the James II and put someone else in power of England (William of Orange); no blood shed
What was a cash crop? Example?
tobacco was a major cash crop in the colonies; crops that was in high demand and traded easily