ARCH 218 Lecture 7
Fatehpur
Sikri, India new political and religious center Akbar famed for his patronage of the arts, political and military abilities celebrate the birth of his son Became holy place; women came from all around because they wanted to have kids too Invited hidus, janes, jews, jesuits to create a multicultural cosmopolitan city Advisors with many different perspectives
Madrasa
Suleymaniye Mosque Istanbul, Turkey Sinan
Madrasa
Suleymaniye Mosque Istanbul, Turkey Sinan Mosque complexes typically contain various other functions communal facilities, tombs, mosque, schools
jali
Tomb of Shaik Salim Chishti Fatehpur Sikri, India stone lattice screens based on local wooden screens craftsmanship suggests central Asian workers
Mimar Sinan
born a Christian peasant raised Muslim entered the infantry and trained as an engineer became architect and engineer to Suleyman the magnificent May have known of Palladio's treatise
Timurids
central Asia Silk road ran through Samarkand; crossroads of trade and culture India, iran, turkey, china Desire create great works of architecture under Timur Invites artists and artisans from all over his empire especially from Persia Cycle of influence between Persia and Timurid
Chattri
column pavillion with dome on top
iwan
deep, vaulted recess
Pishtaq
rectangle frame
How did the Hagia Sophia influence Ottoman mosques in Istanbul? In what ways did Sinan ultimately depart from the model of the Hagia Sophia?
study question
In what ways did the architecture of the Mughal Empire incorporate both local and imported architectural elements and concepts?
study question
What distinctive mosque plan was common in Isfahan? How does it differ from other mosques we've seen?
study question
What influence did the architecture of the Timurids have on later builders and patrons?
study question
Cenotaphs
taj mahal
Diwan-I Khas
Fatehpur Sikri, India
Anup Talao
Fatehpur Sikri, India Akbar multi-ethnic empire Hindu majority Muslims hold political power Emperor at the center of the universe Bridges to where emperor sits Outdoor meeting hall Everyone would come to the center to meet with the great emepror Jesuits were new order part of rome dome pavilion on top local, not islamic
Diwan-I Khas
Fatehpur Sikri, India audience hall for Akbar eclectic nature of Mughal architecture chattris decorative stone brackets come from wooden Indian architecture Plan is unique Center square atrium Round platform approach on second floor
Khanqah plan
Fatehpur Sikri, India religious section great courtyard
Tomb of Shaik Salim Chishti
Fatehpur Sikri, India Constructed inside the mosque complex for the religious advisor who had predicted the birth of Akbar's son White marble comes from central asian and mediterranean
Tomb of Shaik Salim Chishti
Fatehpur Sikri, India Materials and elements show influence of Indian traditions: many forms come from wooden architecture of the region, but material is white marble rather than local red sandstone
Taj Mahal
Floral motifs refer to the flowers of paradise Flowers are also used in Persian poetry to describe the features of the beloved Represent flowering of culture under Shah Jahan Techniques of inlaid stone originate in italy
Hagia Sophia
Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey great challenge and inspiration for builders in Istanbul remodeled as a mosque with minarets added Front façade brick butresses not as integrated as it could be Very utilitarian
Hagia Sophia
Istanbul, Turkey
Suleymaniye Mosque
Istanbul, Turkey Sinan
Suleymaniye Mosque
Istanbul, Turkey Sinan Vocabulary of circles and squares Geometric rigor Nine square grid
Suleymaniye Mosque
Istanbul, Turkey Sinan more open than Hagia Sophia monumental but simplistic plan pendentives more light with windows in apse, dome, and clerestory
Gur Emir
Persian influence stilted arch
Maydan-I Shah
Royal Square Isfahan, Iraq monumental commercial, religious, and political center Larger than any urban space in europe Public mosque, royal mosque, royal residence Long distance trade network made it prosper
Gur Emir
Samarkand, Uzbekistan Importance of basic geometric forms square and equilateral triangle Round but tall, bulbous, pointy dome becomes influential in all of islamic architecture Slender minarets Becomes great center of learning, in math basic geometry is very important
Gur Emir
Samarkand, Uzbekistan Ribbed Decoartion covering the entire surface Blue tile came from persia but is used on a larger scale, even drum has tile on it too Double dome inside is lower than outside Tall to be impressive, shallow inside for better proportions
Gur Emir
Samarkand, Uzbekistan calligraphy and geometric ornament, the latter based on grids of squares, triangles, and/or radial shapes.
Taj Mahal
Agra, India Carved in floral and geometric designs Calligraphic passages emphasize rewards promsed to believers Inlaid stone is not a local technique Materials from all over india, egypt.... Wealth and span of political power of mughals
Taj Mahal
Agra, India Shah Jahan tomb for his wife and himself Akbar's grandson brick faced with marble Large dome flanked by smaller ones, shape mimicked by door Symmetry and repeated elements at different scales proportion Low dome inside to create beautiful proportions inside High dome outside for impressiveness Shape doesn't require flying buttresses
Taj Mahal mosque
Agra, India Taj Mahal flanked by mosque and hotel/guest house on each side bookend buildings
Taj Mahal gate
Agra, India calligraphy and ornamentation You enter here into paradise Inscriptions are very specific and carefully placed Pavilions with roof are local Indian motif White marble and inlay imported
Taj Mahal garden
Agra, India dome shape seen in Samarkand and Isfahan connection between Safavids and Mughals Based on a nine square grid Great central space, space in the corners, space on the sides Similar to palladio Central room, eight paradises around it
Taj Mahal
Agra, India mausoleum, a char bagh garden, and several other large buildings. Inlaid stone Floral motifs Great accomplishment of the mughal empire eight chambers replicate levels of paradise
Isfahan
Iran organic layout with long axis series of connected spaces and monuments Even the popes in Rome never attempted anything this long/big Gardens, noble palace, plaza city planned on a larger scale than anything in the mediterranean avenue lined with trees
Masjid-I Shah
Isfahan, Iran
Masjid-I Shah
Isfahan, Iran Four iwan plan Covered prayer hall
Ali Qapu
Isfahan, Iran Maydan I Shah gate to the palace site for audiences and assemblies emphasizes the presence of the ruler pleasure and entertainment Reflect bright surroundings around them with glass
Ali Qapu
Isfahan, Iran Vaulted spaces Paper mache!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11 Music room Break up the wall to break up reflections Create more appealing acoustics
Masjid-I Shah
Isfahan, Iran royal mosque Unusual form iwan around each of the four sides of the courtyard Flanking minarets Little vaults in large vaults
Safavids
Isfahan, Iran took power after Timurid fall influenced by Timurids
Chahar Bagh Avenue
Isfahan, Iraq lined by gardens and palaces Four quadrants and four rivers Center, four quadrants Based on idea of paradise in quran and historical gardens
Masjid-I Shah
Isfsahan, Iraq blue tile
Suleymaniye Mosque
Istanbul Sinan Directly inspired by hagia sophia but more integrated Half dome helps buttress dome Two sets of minarets Alternating red and white classical arches, arched windows, similar column proportions dome and half domes flying buttresses