Arch 411 Final

Vakko Fashion Center by REX

"X" into each pane, the glass's strength is increased, its need for perimeter mullions is eliminated, and its thickness is reduced. The result is an ultra-thin sheath of glass that wraps the existing skeleton. This ethereal "Saran Wrap" subtly reveals the pre-existing concrete skeleton and suggests the Showcase behind.

at what point is a vapor retarder impermeable?permeable?

0.1 or less, 10 perms or more

the amount of vertical height gained every foot traveled must be less than or equal to __of run

1 foot

minimum tread depth?

11"

maximum height between stair landings?

12'

what is the width of an escalator?

24"-39"

slope of an escalator is ___ from horizontal

30 degrees

handrail height

36"

minimum stair width for accessible stairs?

4'-6'

guardrail height, where necessary

42"

minimum head height clearance?

6'-8"

what is the typical cab size of an elevator?

6-8' x 4'-6' clear

what is the height of an escalator?

60'

maximum riser height?

7"

Time Warner Center by SOM

A multistory cable-net atrium intersects the Center's two 55-story towers. Spanning 30 meters across and 50 meters tall, the cable structure was the largest in North America at the time of its completion.[12]

Toledo Museum of Art Glass Pavilion by SANAA

All exterior and nearly all interior walls consist of large panels of curved glass, resulting in a transparent structure that blurs the boundaries between interior and exterior spaces.

water wants to move from __ to __ humidity

HIGH TO LOW

Elbphiliharmonie by HdM

IGU's with curved edges, fritted glass, ventilation pports, GFRP balcony "tuning forks"

Ryerson University Student Learning Centre by Snohetta

The lightweight and transparent glass skin of the 155,000 sq.ft. Center features a surface design that creates varying light qualities within the interior spaces. As a further demonstration of Ryerson's long-time leadership in sustainability, the building is LEED® Silver compliant. At least 50 per cent of the roof is a dedicated green roof.

Hydra Pier by Asymptote

The pumping of water through and onto the roof and the subsequent formation of a 3.5 m high curtain of water as an entry threshold celebrates this rich history.The "liquid" roof, accommodating a plane of cascading water, reflects and distorts the large sky overhead where large body airplanes are in constant states.

Prada Aoyama by HdM

The rhomboid-shaped grid on the façade is clad on all sides with a combination of convex, concave or flat panels of glass. These differing geometries generate facetted reflections, which enable viewers, both inside and outside the building, to see constantly changing pictures

Norwegian National Opera by Snohetta

The roof of the building angles to ground level, creating a large plaza that invites pedestrians to walk up and enjoy the panoramic views of Oslo. the angled exterior surfaces of the building are covered with Italian marble and white granite and make it appear to rise from the water.

CCTV by OMA

a loop of six horizontal and vertical sections, creating an irregular grid on the building's facade with an open center

Mirror House by Johan Selbing

a private villa with a facade consisting entirely of reflective glass, which acts as a camouflage and an obstruction of the view of its interior.

IAC Building by Gehry

about 1:45 cold bending

what is a principal plane of airtightness, with minimal joints to discourage leaks?

air barrier

this property of glass is cooled rapidly then heated then cooled slowly to relieve the internal stresses. It is brittle and workable.

annealed

while this material has a controllable R-value, moisture resistance and low cost, it is difficult to fill all voids and gaps and can harbor moisture

batt insulation

what different forms can insulation come in?

batts/blankets, semi-rigid boards, loose fill

while this material has fast installation and no need to form around pipes,etc it requires equipment and containment?

blown-in insulation

Palm House/Crystal Palace

built by Decimus Burton and iron maker Richard Turner. It was the first large scale use of wrought iron and 1844. It's the world's most important surviving victorian glass and iron structure.

Seagram Building by Mies van der Rohe and Johnson

built of a steel frame, from which non-structural glass walls were hung. Concrete hid the structure of the building — something Mies wanted to avoid at all costs — so Mies used non-structural bronze-toned I-beams to suggest structure instead. These are visible from the outside of the building, and run vertically, like mullions, surrounding the large glass windows.

Rose Center by Polshek Partnership

cable truss system the building consists of a six-story high glass cube enclosing the 87-foot (27 m) illuminated Hayden Sphere, which appears to float, although it is actually supported by truss work. Polshek has referred to this work as a "cosmic cathedral".[4]

Les Serres at Cite of Science and Industry by RFR/Adrien Fainsilber

cable truss systems, struts and cables compress and tension from truss The building is constructed around the vast steel trusses of an abattoir sales hall

Klarchek Information Commons by Solomon Cordwell Buenz

cablenet system active double-skin façade The results indicated that an integrated façade and mechanical design were needed to mitigate heat gains from the rising and setting sun. Each facade was analyzed and different enclosures were designed to meet the unique orientation to the sun.

this type of glass is 23' long by various widths, has multiple finishes/translucencies available, installable as curtain walls, storefronts or rainscreens (ex is Lorcan o'Herlihy Gardner 1060)

channel glass

Nelson-Atkins Museum by Steven Holl

channel glass The lenses' multiple layers of translucent glass gather, diffuse and refract light, at times materializing light like blocks of ice.

Casa de Musica by OMA

channel glass corrugated glass facades unique curtain-like glass walls at either end of the Grand Auditorium, the walls are clad in plywood with enlarged wood patterns embossed in gold, giving a dramatic jolt in perspective;

Kunsthaus by Peter Zumthor

clamped system These panels form a free-standing, light-diffusing skin, independent of the actual building, that serves to initially refract the incident daylight and conduct it to the light ceilings in the exhibition halls. At dark, the artificial lighting from the interior shines through inner light bands and outer skin to show the building's interior life.

Willis Faber Dumas by Norman Foster

clamped system The centre of the building is constructed from a grid of concrete pillars. The exterior is clad in 890 dark smoked glass curtain wall. Roof garden.

this glass system is edge supported at points and the clamps pass between pieces of glass and gaps are filled with sealant

clamped systems

A process where glass is physically bent/cracked into place, 1:1000 thickness to curvature ratio, pretty cheap

cold bending

These stairs need be accesible with at least 48" clearance to 54" width. They have 7" max risers, 11" min treads

egress stairs

Glass Farm by MVRDV + Glass

entirely covered by a glass facade. By coincidence, the maximum envelope that was defined by the town planners had the form of a traditional Schijndel farm. his image was printed using fritted procedure onto the 1800m2 glass facade, resulting in an effect such as a stained glass window in a cathedral. The print is more or less translucent depending on the need for light and views.

what materials can be used for fibrous insulation?

fiberglass, mineral wood, cellulosic from recycled paper, wood, sugar cane, recycled fabric

what's the most predominant type of glass used today which is molten and smoothness comes from gravity?

float glass

this material is usually blue or pink, R-value is R-5, XPS is between polyiso and expanded polystyrene in price. 2x8 and 4x8 are common board sizes. water resistant and can be buried to insulate foundations

foamed insulation-Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) rigid foam

this material has the highest R-value per in R-6 of any rigid insulation, has a reflective foil facing on both sides so can serve as a radiant barrier

foamed insulation-Polyisocyanurate (polysio) foam

Pfaffenholz Sports Center by HdM

fritted glass------- The building's load-bearing structure is, in part, prefabricated, in part, made of locally cast concrete. The hall's cube is sheathed in large format green glass plates. Through special imprinting the plates function as a filter for daylight penetrating into the hall's inner spaces.

this property of glass is halfway between annealed and tempered. Its not safety glass, but used in areas with large thermal stresses like facade spandrel.

heat strengthened

this is a durable water resistive barrier formed by fine interconnected fibers together with heat and pressure. "Housewrap". They should have at least 2 layers of this building paper.

high density polyethylene fiber sheet

a process which flat anealed glass is heated to soften, formed, then cooled

hot bending

type of elevator that is slower, less expensive, limited height, penthouse not required?

hydraulic

what is an IGU?

insulating glass units

This is a type of glass that is hermetically encapsulated and filled with air or gas, up to 1/2" of air gap, aluminum spacer removes moisture, two layers of seals, 1" overall thickness.

insulating glass units (IGU)

one must use this because thermal is the primary concern at the building envelope. It resists conductive heat transfer and radiant heat transfer

insulation

This type of glass reduces UV light transmission, provides acoustic benefits, and provides ballastic resistance?

laminated glass

This type of glass has removed the impurity of iron oxide which causes green cast?

low-iron glass

this skin isolates and regulates interior environments for comfort, health and protection

membrane

what is the max air permeance rate, required under many energy conservation codes and used to keep pollutants out of interior spaces?

no greater than 0.004 cfm/sf

what makes stairs illegal?

no guardrail, handrail and open risers

Palm Court by Sou Fujimoto

point system "crystallised showers of sunlight" with the blue glass fins, creating a curtain that partially encloses corridors in front of the boutiques on both floor

this glass system is usually mechanical connection thru glass plane usually monolithic or lam glass. Spider or other connections are either rigid or tension based. Glass fins, steel amature.

point-supported system

Glass Pavilion by Bruno Taut

prismatic glass dome structure at the cologne werkbund exhibition. The structure was a brightly colored landmark of the exhibition and was constructed using concrete and glass. The concrete had inlaid colored glass plates that acted as mirrors.

must be 1:12 slope or less to be accessabile, a landing must occur every 30" of vertical travel, landings are 5' if same direction and 6' at bottom?

ramp

Oscar Niemeyer, Contemporary Art Museum

ramp is not compliant

CNA Building by Langdon Wilson

reflective glass

these energy efficient airtight buildings mean environmental toxins are no longer flushed out through leaks. Its a great concern for indoor air quality.

sick building syndrome

a process which gravity forming is reheated glass against mold to produce complex shapes

slumping

this type of glass system is site manufactured bc of smaller components such as mullions, rails and frames assembled and site glazed. It is fully framed.

stick built system

these stairs have no turns, straight run?

straight stairs

Apple Store by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson

structural glazed exterior cube

TKTS by Perkins Eastman with Choi Ropiha

structural glazed, stairs triple-laminated heat-strengthened glass treads fabricated in Austria are illuminated by red LED lights housed below the treads. The treads are staggered and span several stringers thus providing lateral bracing for the structure. The red glass risers are removable for service access to the lights. The steps terminate in a large cantilevered canopy that protects the ticket buyers. 25 glass stringers, 28 feet long, span between glass load-bearing walls.

Pyramide du Louvre by IM Pei

structure entirely of glass segments

these stairs have two flights of steps parallel to each other with landings between flights. This is most common and used to save space?

switchback stairs

what should a membrane control?

temperature,moisture,air exchange

this property of glass is when annealed glass is heated and cooled quickly which locks in stresses. 4x bending strength of annealed and impact resistant. Breaks into squares not shards, so its safety glass. May see deformations in surface from tempering process. Not possible to cut, drill or polish.

tempered

Bauhaus by Walter Gropius

this building has curtain glass facades, horizontal windows.space dominated by the interplay between inside and outside through the glass wall.

This type of glass has introduction of minerals (salts) that absorb heat and can be used for thermal control?

tinted glass

Winspear Opera House by Foster + Partners

tinted glass-- The Annette and Harold Simmons Signature Glass Façade wraps around the building, creating a transparency between the opera house and the surrounding Performance Park.

type of elevator that is high speed, higher cost, and unlimited in height?

traction

Trutec by Barkow Leibinger

unitized glass folded glass facades, which take once-modular components of glass and steel and make them appear more malleable. modular and the folded by taking a regular rectangular grid and infilling the cells with a prismatic pattern of triangular and trapezoidal glass panes.

a material of low permeance (below 0.1) installed to prevent moisture from entering an assembly or space and reaching a point where it can condense to a liquid.

vapor retarder

aluminum foil, paper backed aluminum, polyethylene plastic sheet, polymeric housewrap, asphalt coated kraft building paper, metallized film, extruded polystrene or foil faced foam board insulation, exterior grade plywood, most sheet type monolithic roofing membranes, glass in windows and doors

vapor retarders

what is the traditional means to allow for removal of water and water vapor that gets into an assembly?

ventilation

what is WRB?

water resistive barriers- resist water, prevent water infiltration under effects of gravity, air pressure, and capillary action. It is a continuous surface, concealed and protected by building cladding.

these stairs are pie shaped for turning direction and are used when available space is not sufficient for stairs with a landing to turn?

winder stairs

the temperature at which water vapor in a volume of humid air at a constant barometric pressure will condense into water.

Dew Point

what does a tempering roller wave do?

During the heating process, glass will sag very slightly between the carrier rolls that transport the glass through the furnace. After heating, the glass passes through the quench, which "freezes" the glass, creating the compression and tension that provides either heat-strengthened or fully tempered glass.

Reliance Building by Burnham and Root

It is the first skyscraper to have large plate glass windows that make up the majority of its surface area

what does a low-e coating do to a window?

It lowers emissivity so less heat passes thru (most effective in cold climates)

what types of glass are used as the interlayers of laminated glass?

PVB(polyvinyl butyral) and ionoplast

MyZeil by Massimilliano

The fully glazed main facade continues the organically formed steel-glass roof and allows the pedestrians a view through the building into the sky by an inward trumpet formed deformation.

41 Cooper Square by Morphosis

The grand staircase, which welcomes students and visitors, starts from the ground floor and terminates at the fourth. Two secondary staircases cross the atrium like bridges and connect the fourth to sixth and seventh to ninth floors. To move from the sixth to seventh floor, one must use the fire stairs. The discontinuity of the staircases was intended to promote physical activity and to increase meeting opportunities. The main elevators are treated in a similar fashion where stops are limited to the first, fifth and eight floors, encouraging occupants to use the sky bridges and stairs.

R128 House by Warner Sobek

The house features a modular and recyclable design, is completely glazed and has no interior dividing walls. Owing to its passive solar architecture with triple-glazed walls, the house needs no energy for heating. Seasonal temperature shifts are balanced by a seasonal thermal energy store. Electricity is generated by solar cells. Every item in the house is computer-controlled.

Sendai Mediatheque by Toyo Ito

These panels form a free-standing, light-diffusing skin, independent of the actual building, that serves to initially refract the incident daylight and conduct it to the light ceilings in the exhibition halls. At dark, the artificial lighting from the interior shines through inner light bands and outer skin to show the building's interior life. The gap between light skin and building accommodates servicing equipment. Artists exhibiting at the KUB have sometimes made use of the façade in their installations.

_______ is proportional to heat flow while total heat flow is proportional to _________

U value, Area*U

What is U-value?

U=1/R