ARCH 4511 quiz 3

Truss

(sometimes referred to as a joist) is a structural framework of beams (rafters, posts, struts) designed and engineered to bridge the space above a room and to provide the necessary support for a roof.

Function and purpose of a wall

- Enclose, separate, and protect the interior spaces. - Can be structural (such as load bearing) or not (partition or demising wall). - Must transmit vertical loads, can act as lateral support.

Form ties

- Keep formwork from spreading under fluid pressure - used to connect opposite faces of wall formwork to restrain the applied concrete pressures - transmit loads in tension between stiff vertical and/or horizontal members associated with the main formwork

Structural Insulated Panels (SIP's)

- The panels consist of an insulating foam core sandwiched between two structural facings, typically oriented strand board - Structure and insulation in one unit - Panels up to 8' x 24' - Thickness up to 12" thick (R-48)

Cordwood

- Uses lengths of log as masonry units - clay/cement "mortar" creates continuous barrier on interior and exterior - Insulation placed around logs, inside mortar walls

Cripple

- a special-purpose wall stud or roof rafter - located above a door or window or below a window.

Steel reinforcement

- a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used in reinforced concrete and masonry structures to strengthen and hold the concrete in tension

Masonry bearing wall

- composite monolithic unit - carries vertical loads and shear

Function and purpose of roofs

- roofs must transfer loads horizontally to beams and columns or to load bearing walls. - Primarily weight of itself, plus environmental conditions such as snow, standing water, and wind - Can act as horizontal diaphragms to transfer lateral forces to shear walls

Concrete bearing wall

- single monolithic unit - carries vertical loads and shear

Roof Venting

- systems often need to be vented to avoid the build up of moisture and mold - depends on many factors: climate, insulation type, insulation location, building use, construction type

Minimum "flat" roof pitch

1:48 or 1/4" per foot

Steep slope roof (>4:12)

3:12 slope and up

Cast-in-place concrete

A common type of concrete construction. Refers to concrete that is poured into forms as a liquid and assumes the shape of the form in the position and location it will be used.

roofing nail

A nail having a barbed, threaded or cement coated shank and a broad, flat head for fastening shingles or the like.

box nail

A nail having a flat head and a shank more slender than a common nail of the same length

casing nail

A nail having a small conical head and shank more slender than a common nail of the same length, used in finish work in which the head may remain visible.

cut nail

A nail having a tapering rectangular shank with a blunt point, made by cutting and shaping piece of round or elliptical steel.

Space trusses

A one-way structure that can be visualized as two planar trusses meeting each other at the bottom chord with the top two chords being framed as a third truss - a three-dimensional one-way truss

Gable roof

A pitched roof with two sloped sides

finish nail

A relatively thin nail with a very small head; used for fastening trim and other finish woodwork items

hip roof

A roof with four sloped sides

Jack Rafter

A short rafter between hip rafter and eave or between valley and ridge.

Wood Light Frame Construction (WLFC) walls

A system of construction that is made up of dimensional lumber and engineered wood that is regularly spaced and fastened together with nails to create floor, wall, stair and roof assemblies.

Rafter

A wooden beam that supports a roof

Built-up roof (B.U.R.) membranes

Alternating layers of asphalt and reinforcing fabric

Roof trusses

An assembly of structural members joined to form a rigid framework, usually connected to form triangles.

hardened concrete nail

Can be driven into masonry or concrete for attaching furring strips or sleepers

slotted screw

Conventional single-groove screwhead. Applied with a flathead screwdriver.

phillips screw

Cross-slotted screwheads with U or V-Shaped slots of uniform width Used in woodworking and drywall installation.

ETMMS

Exterior Thermal and Moisture Management System - Large OSB panels act as structure, vapor control, and interior finish - Weather barrier applied to exterior of OSB, then insulation applied over that

Common Nail

For nailing boards together where holding power is desired

Five things a roof must control

Heat Infiltrating air (drafts) Moisture (bulk water/rain) Water vapor Sound (to a lesser extent)

Five things a wall must control

Heat Infiltrating air (drafts) Moisture (water in liquid phase) Water vapor (humidity/water in gaseous phase) Sound

Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF's)

Hollow "blocks" or "panels" made of expanded polystyrene insulation or other insulating foam that construction crews stack to form the shape of the walls of a building

Purlin

Horizontal member between trusses that support the roof.

Rafter Tie

Horizontal roof framing member at the bottom of the roof framing system; helps keep walls from spreading due to weight of the roof.

Key (such as in a footing)

In Cast in place or Sitecast walls: Footing is poured first with a key and rebar extending up

rebar numbering

In the US, the number represents ⅛ of inch. In the rest of the world, hard metric "#M" roughly mm diameter.

ThermoMass

Inverse of ICF: concrete - foam - concrete

Roof

Primary sheltering element for interior spaces.

Flat roof insulation

Roof membrane placement is always above deck

SEP

Structural Engineered Panel - Large OSB panels act as structure, vapor control, and interior finish - Weather barrier applied to exterior of OSB, then insulation applied over that

SIP

Structural Insulated Panels - "Sandwich" of OSB and foam - Structure and insulation in one unit - Panels up to 8' x 24' - Thickness up to 12" thick (R-48)

Metal stud walls and Wood stud walls

Studs carry vertical loads Sheathing carries shear (lateral) loads

Screw types

TORX, slotted, Pozidriv, Phillips, allen

Rake (roof)

The slanting edge of a gable roof at the end wall of the house.

Soffit

The underside of a roof overhang.

Concrete Additives

These are added to the mixture of water cement and aggregate in small quantities to increase the durability of the concrete, to fix concrete behavior and to control setting or hardening.

end nail

To fasten by nailing into the end of a board parallel to the grain of the wood. Provides poor resistance to withdrawal.

face nail

To install nails into the vertical face of a bearing header or beam.

Trimmer

Used in WLFC: a timber or metal beam (joist) used to create an opening around a stairwell, skylight, chimney

Header

a beam that spans the opening for a doorway, window, skylight, or stairway

Cob

a building material that comprises subsoil, straw (or another fibrous organic material), water, and occasionally lime

walers

a horizontal beam that is attached with bolts to a larger upright structure

Collar Tie

a horizontal element that connects two opposing rafters near the ridge

pozidriv screw

a improved variation of the phillipps screw

parapet

a low protective wall along the edge of a roof, bridge, or balcony

Flat roof

a roof that is flat or nearly flat relative to the horizon

Shed roof

a roof that slopes to one side

allen screw

a screw with a hexagonal socket in its head

brad nail

a small finishing nail, usually of the same thickness throughout, with a head that is almost flush with the sides or a head that projects slightly to one side.

Fascia (roof)

a vertical frieze or band under a roof edge

flat roof ventilation

allows for the circulation of air

TORX screw

characterized by a six-lobed, star-patterned screw drive

Nail types

common, box, casing, finish, brad, deformed shank, hardened concrete, cut, roofing

Consolidating wet concrete

concrete can have a lot of entrapped air and this is the process of removing the excessive air and also levels the fresh concrete and improves the bonding with the reinforcement

Rammed Earth

dampened earth mixed with sand, soil, or cement that is compacted into a temporary frame to create a wall

toe nail

fastening with nails driven at an angle

Pitch or slope

measured as a proportion of rise to run (ex. a roof that rises 4 in. in 1 foot is said to have a 4-in-12 _____)

deformed shank nail

more resistant to withdrawal; used for attaching sheathing, sun flooring and underlayment

Flat roof (<3:12)

must have a continuous membrane.

Eave

roof overhang

King stud

stud to left or right of a window or door that is continuous from the bottom plate to the top plate

formwork

temporary or permanent molds into which concrete or similar materials are poured

Valley (roof)

the areas on your roof where the slopes meet, forming a V angle where water usually runs off

Sole plate

the bottom horizontal member of a wall or building to which vertical members are attached

roof Ridge

the horizontal line running the length of the roof where the two roof planes meet.

Advanced/Stack/OVE framing

the trusses (or rafters), studs, and floor joists all align so that the load transfers directly to the structural member under it.

Top plate

the upper horizontal framing member of a stud wall

Why use steel reinforcement?

to increase the strength of a concrete structure

Low-slope roof (3:12-4:12)

under 3:12 slope

Steel Reinforcement: WWR/WWF/WWM

welded wire mesh: grid of wires

Dormer

window projecting from roof