Chapter 4: Section: 4.1-4.4
Cocci may be arranged as __________.
All of the listed answers
Many pathogenic (disease-producing) bacteria produce a(n) __________ that protects them from phagocytosis by host cells.
Capsule
Which of the following is NOT a structure of prokaryotic cells?
Chloroplast
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the glycocalyx found in bacteria?
Creates a slimy, slippery coating that prevents bacteria form attaching to surfaces
Spirochetes and spirilla are both spiral-shaped bacteria. However, they differ in that spirochetes have __________ and spirilla do not.
Endoflagella
Which of the following bacterial structures is necessary for chemotaxis?
Flagella
Penicillin specifically interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis. Which of the following cells is most likely to be damaged by penicillin?
Gram-positive bacterial cells
You are observing a Gram stain of rod-shaped microorganisms that are linked in a chain and stain purple. How would you describe these bacteria using the correct terminology for the cell shape and arrangement?
Gram-positive streptobacilli
Which of the following is NOT true of the gram-negative outer membrane?
It contains enzymes for energy synthesis.
Which of the following statements about a gram-negative cell wall is FALSE?
It contains teichoic acid
All of the following are found in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria EXCEPT __________.
Lipid A
The term describing bacteria with flagella that are arranged as a tuft coming from one pole is __________.
Lophotrichous
In a prokaryotic cell, all of the following are functions of either fimbriae or pili EXCEPT __________.
Movement
Which of the following is a likely outcome, based on the unique cell structure of members of the genus Mycoplasma?
Mycoplasma species have very flexible cells that can pass through bacteriologic filters.
With a light microscope, which of the following would allow discrimination between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Observation of nuclei
Why is penicillin selectively toxic to bacterial cells but harmless to human cells?
Penicillin specifically weakens peptidoglycan, which is found only in bacterial cells.
The term describing bacteria with flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell is __________.
Peritrichous
Consider a gram-positive cell in a hypertonic medium. If the peptidoglycan were damaged, the cell would __________.
Shrink
Spherical bacteria that divide and remain attached in chainlike patterns are called __________.
Streptococci
What will occur if a bacterial cell with a weakened or damaged cell wall is placed in pure water?
The cell will swell and burst.
The motility of bacteria with flagella occurs through a series of "runs" and __________.
Tumbles
Phototaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to __________.
move toward a source of light.
Chemotaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to __________.
move toward or away from chemical stimuli
Gram-negative cells contain a periplasmic space that is __________.
rich in degradative enzymes
Which of the following pairs is matched correctly?
spheroplast—gram-negative bacteria that are exposed to lysozyme but retain some of the outer membrane