Chapter 4: Section: 4.1-4.4

Cocci may be arranged as __________.

All of the listed answers

Many pathogenic (disease-producing) bacteria produce a(n) __________ that protects them from phagocytosis by host cells.

Capsule

Which of the following is NOT a structure of prokaryotic cells?

Chloroplast

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the glycocalyx found in bacteria?

Creates a slimy, slippery coating that prevents bacteria form attaching to surfaces

Spirochetes and spirilla are both spiral-shaped bacteria. However, they differ in that spirochetes have __________ and spirilla do not.

Endoflagella

Which of the following bacterial structures is necessary for chemotaxis?

Flagella

Penicillin specifically interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis. Which of the following cells is most likely to be damaged by penicillin?

Gram-positive bacterial cells

You are observing a Gram stain of rod-shaped microorganisms that are linked in a chain and stain purple. How would you describe these bacteria using the correct terminology for the cell shape and arrangement?

Gram-positive streptobacilli

Which of the following is NOT true of the gram-negative outer membrane?

It contains enzymes for energy synthesis.

Which of the following statements about a gram-negative cell wall is FALSE?

It contains teichoic acid

All of the following are found in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria EXCEPT __________.

Lipid A

The term describing bacteria with flagella that are arranged as a tuft coming from one pole is __________.

Lophotrichous

In a prokaryotic cell, all of the following are functions of either fimbriae or pili EXCEPT __________.

Movement

Which of the following is a likely outcome, based on the unique cell structure of members of the genus Mycoplasma?

Mycoplasma species have very flexible cells that can pass through bacteriologic filters.

With a light microscope, which of the following would allow discrimination between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Observation of nuclei

Why is penicillin selectively toxic to bacterial cells but harmless to human cells?

Penicillin specifically weakens peptidoglycan, which is found only in bacterial cells.

The term describing bacteria with flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell is __________.

Peritrichous

Consider a gram-positive cell in a hypertonic medium. If the peptidoglycan were damaged, the cell would __________.

Shrink

Spherical bacteria that divide and remain attached in chainlike patterns are called __________.

Streptococci

What will occur if a bacterial cell with a weakened or damaged cell wall is placed in pure water?

The cell will swell and burst.

The motility of bacteria with flagella occurs through a series of "runs" and __________.

Tumbles

Phototaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to __________.

move toward a source of light.

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to __________.

move toward or away from chemical stimuli

Gram-negative cells contain a periplasmic space that is __________.

rich in degradative enzymes

Which of the following pairs is matched correctly?

spheroplast—gram-negative bacteria that are exposed to lysozyme but retain some of the outer membrane