Arch HTC Buildings Quiz 3

Peter Behrens - Berlin, Germany - 1908; Created very large turbines for hydroelectric plants; completely ahistorical approach to making buildings

AEG Turbine Factory

Auguste Perret - Paris, France - 1902; 8 stories tall and overlooks Eiffel Tower; very shallow, but very wide; the idea is that every room has a view of the Eiffel Tower (entire building is essentially 1-room deep); concrete faced with terra cotta + infilled panels that look like flowers; concrete frame allows for this form to exist

Apartments 25 rue Franklin

Walter Gropius - Dessau, Germany - 1925-1926; designed while it was still located in Weimar; now all students in Germany could more-easily attend; asymmetrical (each function of the building has a different fenestration pattern because Gropius is a functionalist - form ever follows function)

Bauhaus

Max Berg - Wroclaw, Poland - 1911; Can hold thousands of people with unobstructed views; milestone of reinforced concrete architecture: more-efficiently distributes the lateral loads with elliptical forms; takes the idea of the Pantheon, but uses concrete ribbed construction to generate the same type of open space

Centennial Hall

Tony Garnier - Residential Districts - 1900-1904, 1904-1917; An idea for an entire concrete city; originated as a thesis at Ecole des Beaux-Arts; a plain where a river emptied into the ocean, and have all components of a normal city; ideas for what a concrete house would look like became very influential for ~1930s architects; attempting to develop an ahistorical language for reinforced concrete to break the language of history when presented with new materials

Cite Industrielle

Erich Mendelsohn - Potsdam, Brandenburg (Germany) - 1919; Symbolizes, in architecture, Einstein's theory of relativity; not made of reinforced concrete (post-war Germany couldn't afford, so plaster stucco veneer used instead); looks/can look like it's moving; comes out of a sketch from 5 years earlier during the war

Einstein Tower

Walter Gropius - Alfeld-an-der-Leine, Germany - 1911; Explores the potential for how an all-glass building would work; looks like it'd be producing something high-tech, but it's just shoelasts; corners are glass and centers are solid (almost like he's trying to create the inverse of the AEG Factory); glass is almost across whole building minus the piers

Fagus Shoelast Factory

Auguste Perret - Paris, France - 1905; Influx of cars in Paris in early 20th century is a big problem; one of the earliest concrete parking garages; concrete is the ideal fireproofing material (early cars unreliable and could catch on fire)

Garage rue Ponthieu

Bruno Taut - DWB Cologne - 1914; immediately demolished due to war; a pavilion for the glass industry; a "luminous egg" on columns, entered via a staircase; made of colored glass and steel

Glass Pavilion

Rudolf Steiner - Dornach, Switzerland - 1923; Expressionistic shape with a Fauvist interior; colored gels and colored light; the idea that you could bathe an environment in color and change it was mind-blowing in 1923

Goetheneum II

Le Corbusier - Stuttgart, Germany - 1927; a group of a bunch of popular architects wanted to build at an exhibition; Corbusier created a large apartment building (big terrace on roof, movable walls on interior) and a double house; celebrated as a great moment that begins to address Europe's housing crisis; one of the challenges of architecture is why buildings 100 years old still look like they're buildings that could be built today (why does the avant-garde of the 1920s still hold out as contemporaneous?)

House & Apartments Weissenhof Siedlung

Elzner & Anderson - Cincinnati, OH - 1903; First reinforced concrete skyscarper - was the tallest concrete building in the world for a while; another engineering landmark in Cincinnati (Shillito, Roebling Bridge, etc.)

Ingalls Building

Francois Hennebique - Paris, France - 1904; Interior is Roccoco/Baroque-revival; exterior is largely exposed and not given the "historic/revivalist" look; Parisians did not appreciate the fact that the building didn't fit in; strength of concrete in 1904 was ~800-1200 PSI (nowadays it's standard for 2400-3200)

Maison Hennebique

Pierre Chareau - Paris, France - 1928-1932; unusual commission by one of the first gynecologists performing in Paris (an all-glass office for it); an old lady couldn't be bought out of her lease, so floors below her were torn out and replaced with steel piers; upper-class French women had to visit doctors' home practices; opaque wall illusion created when light is flashed back at the glass from outside; the house is basically a machine, giving Corbusier the idea of his house being a machine for living + his 5 points of architecture

Maison de Verre

Le Corbusier - Paris, France - 1923; pair of semi-detached houses; the various exterior form takes its shape primarily from the program; suggests the usage of 30-60-90 triangles in creating its dimensions/regulating lines; intended to be viewed from a single, fixed point; white dominates the color palette, but a whole array of complimentary colors used throughout the interior

Maison la Roche-Jeanneret

Peter Behrens - Dusseldorf, Germany - 1911; An office building; borrows from Shinkle (architect of the 19th century who did a lot of work trying to develop an ahistorical, classical architecture)

Mannesmann Building

Walter Gropius - Dessau, Germany - 1926-1927; a set of double houses to house the 8 most senior masters of the Bauhaus; the same house, one just rotated and conjoined with the other; on the exterior, they are very contemporary

Master's Houses

Adolf Loos - Vienna, Austria - 1911; Showing lack of ornamentation - the plain building faces emperor's office (so unhappy that he went so far as to close the curtains facing it, government decree forced flower boxes to be added); gleaming, polished woodwork on the inside intends to play up the quality of the material

Michaelerplatz 3 (Loos House)

Gropius and Meyer - DWB Cologne - 1914; A demonstration factory; at the same Cologne exhibition as the Glass Pavilion; looking at the idea of a glass cage like how he did with the Shoelast Factory while incorporating elements used by other architects like Wright; glass towers enclose spiral staircase

Model Factory

Vladimir Tatlin - Petrograd (St. Petersburg), Russia - 1920; A big celebration for the birthday of Marxism; was not actually built because there was not enough steel to

Monument to the Third International

Le Corbusier - Paris, France - 1925 World's Fair; a large "cardboard box" apartment that would, in theory, be stacked on top of others; makes Corbusier a popular figure

Pavilion l' Esprit Nouveau

Konstantin Melnikov - Moscow, Russia - 1927; One of the few Russian Constructivist buildings still standing; a theater, but also a rec center; openable/closable seating bowl areas depending on performance size

Rusakov Worker's Club

Walter Gropius & Adolf Meyer - Berlin, Germany - 1921-1922; a "show" house depicting the work of the Bauhaus; looks like a stylized log cabin fort thingy; angular prismatic forms attempt to interpret cubism into architecture

Sommerfeld House

Adolf Loos - Vienna, Austria - 1910

Steiner House

Henry Van de Velde and Auguste Perret - Paris, France - 1911; Makes concrete construction palatable and appropriate for governmental buildings; want a large seating bowl without large obstructions in the way (gas/arc lamps used to burn down theaters constantly); almost fully circular without any intervening supports on the interior

Theatre des Champs Elyssees

Konstantin Melnikov - Paris Fair - 1925; A world's fair for the decorative arts - all European countries put up a temporary pavilion; building split with a gallery on one side and an exhibition room/classroom on the other side; beginning of Soviet realism cinema

USSR Pavilion

Le Corbusier - Unbuilt - 1922; Unrealized city plan to house 3 million people; high-rise housing blocks, circulation space, and abundant green area

Une Ville Contemporaine

Adolf Loos - Prague, Czech Republic - 1930; Hired Loos to design a building that represented the "raumplan" (the idea of continuous space/volume that runs up the building that isn't divided by doors and walls that chop space up; building defined by its space and how it flows throughout

Villa Muller

Le Corbusier - Poissy-sur-Seine, France - 1929-1931; epitome of Corbusier's utilization of his Five Points; a landmark of modern architecture, but one that has to be rebuilt every 15 years; ramp within the building is primary circulating path; good example of Corbusier's Integrated Composition; construction issues wouldn't be such a large issue if it were built in southern France or California where wet seasons are more controlled

Villa Savoye

Le Corbusier - Garches - 1926; ABABA grid; roof intended to be a terrace with a box partially enclosing it; two entrances, one for guests with a large cantilever and one for tradesmen; very much about the horizontal, and the structural grid is exposed through fenestration

Villa Stein de Monzie