ARH 301 TEST 3
The Oxbow View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachussetts, After a Thunderstorm Thomas Cole 1836/ Oil on canvas/ American key terms: key concepts:
Born in england, moved to ohio when he was 17 Landscape which seemed untamed to the european settlers Different sort of terrain Became associated with the hudson river school They explored the idea of the american west, uncharted territory (cole, durand, church, Bierstadt) Nature vs. culture Captivated by the rugged terrain Many of these works have a political agenda Manifest destiny Romantic poets as he's pictured in the painting Pattern of frapid expansion of cultivated and settled land
The Starry Night Vincent van Gogh. 1889. Oil on canvas Dutch/Post Impressionism Landscape representation It is this rich mixture of invention, remembrance, and observation combined with Van Gogh's use of simplified forms, thick impasto, and boldly contrasting colors that has made the work so compelling to subsequent generations of viewers as well as to other artists. Inspiring and encouraging others is precisely what Van Gogh sought to achieve with his night scenes. The painting became a foundational image for Expressionism as well as perhaps the most famous painting in Van Gogh's oeuvre. Key Terms: expressionism-- (art that exaggerates aspects of form to evoke subjective emotions rather than a reasoned response) Abstract-- Art that does not attempt to describe the appearance of visible forms but rather to transform them into stylized patterns or to alter them in conformity to ideals. Key Concepts: symbolism and art
- Symbolist movement - perceptible space - no collapsed space - middle foreground - composition layed out very clearly - view from his window from his asylum This idea may be represented in the cypress tree, a traditional symbol of both death and eternal life, which rises dramatically to link the terrestrial world with the heavens.
Mahana no atua (Day of the God) Paul Gauguin 1894 oil on canvas french Primitivism key terms: key concepts:
- abstract and naturalistic Primitivism is different from Orientalism, privileged gaze of the artist on another culture Primitivism starts in paris Uses color in a non-naturalistic way Traveling shows of art in other cultures First time people in the west see art from africa Art that seems very exotic from other cultures Makes an impact on people Artists turn to these other cultures to inspire their art Look at foreign cultures in a patronizing way, westernizing it Primitive: something new that they pluck for art Paternalistic aspect Gauguin foes to tahiti for inspiration as it was french colony in 1891 He was very much into symbolism Cobbling together a lot of images and putting them together from his observations Western gaze looking at these primitve cultures
An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump Joseph Wright of Derby/1768/oil on canvas/English Key terms: realism-- Lifelike description of the appearance of objects, people, and the natural world. When capitalized as Realism, refers to a specific movement in European art during the mid-nineteenth century that associates realism with a social or political message. Key concepts: realism
- enlightment fascination with the drama and art of science - Realism: Lifelike description of the appearance of objects, people, and the natural world. When capitalized as Realism, refers to a specific movement in European art during the mid-nineteenth century that associates realism with a social or political message.
The Serpent Charmer Jean Leon Gerome 1880 oil on canvas/french orientalism key terms: key concepts:
A young boy, entirely naked, handles a python, while an older man beside him plays a fipple flute, and a huddled audience sits in the background shadows. The setting is a large blue-tiled room, painted with an almost photographic clarity and attention to detail, leading us to think that this is an accurate representation of a specific event in an actual place. Gérôme traveled to the Middle East several times, and was praised by critics of the 1855 Salon for his ethnographic accuracy, but his Snake Charmer is a complete fiction, mixing Egyptian, Turkish, and Indian cultures together in a fantasized pastiche.
Improvisation 28 Vassily Kandinsky. 1912 C.E. Oil on canvas/Russian His style had become more abstract and nearly schematic in its spontaneity. This painting's sweeping curves and forms, which dissolve significantly but remain vaguely recognizable, seem to reveal cataclysmic events on the left and symbols of hope and the paradise of spiritual salvation on the right. Key terms: abstract (expressive abstract) Avant-garde: A term derived from the French military word meaning "before the group," or "vanguard." Avant-garde denotes those artists or concepts of a strikingly new, experimental, or radical nature for the time. Key Concepts: spirituality and art
Abstract Before dali Russian artist who then lived in germany and spent much time in western europe Very much tied with spiritual and philosophical ideas Non-objective painting/Abstract art Abstraction in color Color and line and what they suggest from the artist Deeply personal art Very interested in russian folklore Color becomes independent of what you would expect Influenced by his own inner ideas from his psyche, inner soul Theosophy: theology and philosophy, spiritualism not being ground in traditional religions Synesthesia: one type of sensory stimulation evokes the sensation of another Kandisky thought he could see sound and hear color Apocalyptic imagery Purge his images of thing and color takes on the importance Truly an improvisation In an abstract and philosophical way Truly taking his idea of narrative Although the pieces make clear references to generalized landscape, architectural, and figural forms, they initiate a progressive movement toward abstraction, with brilliant colors and veiled images that leap and dance on their own to express a variety of emotions and spiritualities. Kandinsky wanted us to look at his painting as if we were listening to a symphony, responding instinctively and freely to this or that passage, and then to the total experience, energized by dynamic linearity and enriched by vibrant patches of sensual color.
Mother and Child mary cassatt 1889/oil on canvas/american key terms: key concepts:
American artist One of her many mother and child images Women were relegated to certain roles Delved into scenes a realist and impressionist way Painting things she would see like people on boats' she loved Japanese prints Experiments w collapse of space A large swabs of color like Japanese prints Lose brush stroke She's exploring the women's world Impressionist? Realist? She kinda identified with both Impressionist early on later became more realist Space is more collapsed Becomes more abstract Radical steps towards flattening out the canvas and making illusionist space disappear but not entirely
Ma Jolie (Woman with a Zither or Guitar) Pablo Picasso/1911-12/oil on canvas/spanish Key terms: abstract (cubist) grid: A system of regularly spaced lines, intersecting horizontally and vertically (visible or implied), that gives regularity to an architectural plan or the design of a work of art. key concepts:
Analytic cubism Ma jolie: beautful woman Different phases in which color is important Taking it apart and adding an elemt of time Subjective Scientifc ideas Spanish artist that moved to paris Not a huge painting Muted colors to focus on other issues He is taking form and breaking it into the underlying geometry Taking it apart into its component pieces Issue of 4th dimension: 4th spacial dimension, others thought many different things He adds in an element of time and dimension Futurists have branched off from cubists Creating a grid Owned a book all about the 4th dimension Creates a cubist grid with a limited palette Shallow pictorial space Vanishing point and orthogonal -- makes us work to understand the figure --poses a difficulty for the viewer to deconstruct -- non traditional portrait --order vs disorder -- horizontal brushwork and right angles help create a grid
Villa Savoye Poissy-sur-Seine, France. Le Corbusier (architect). 1929 C.E. Steel and reinforced concrete /French This was a radically new view of the domestic sphere, one that is evident in his design for the Villa Savoye. The architect has created a space that is dynamic. This design concept was based on the notion of the car as the ultimate machine and the idea that the approach up to and through the house carried ceremonial significance. Key terms: avant-garde Key concepts: modernism--The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation.
Charles- Edouard Jeanneret, swiss-french Painter, later architect, teacher, then urban planner Very important as an urban planner Machine aesthetic He idolized the automobile Corbu is nickname Vestigile path in his paintings Modern: breaking with the old Some people think gothic style was modern Paris is an old city with curvy old streets He wanted to take that modernization and apply it ot the city Machine aesthetic: very straightforward use of new materials and geometric components Villa is an urban architecture transplanted in country No ground floor Use pilotis Building is steel and concrete Modernist materials Flat roof, Open floor plan Free composition of extended wlals Horizontal windows No stone brick or wood Modern materials Free compositon of exterior walls Horizontal windows Surbuban part of france, not very big Vestigile path of the donkey which is curved and pedestrian and straight path of a car
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Spain. Frank Gehry (architect).1993- 1997 C.E. Spanish, Deconstructivist Titanium, glass, and limestone. A museum to challenge assumptions about art museum collecting and programming with its inventive design. To showcase great fine art exhibitions and further the redevelopment of the city Bilbao. key terms: key concepts:
Deconstructivist architects deliberately disturb traditional architectural values of harmony, unity, and stability to create "decentered," skewed, and distorted designs. Gehry developed his asymmetrical design using a CAD program that enabled him to create a powerfully organic, sculptural structure. The complex steel skeleton is covered by a thin skin of silvery titanium that shimmers gold or silver depending on the time of day and the weather conditions. From the north the building resembles a living organism, while from other angles it looks like a giant ship, a reference to the industry on which Bilbao has traditionally depended, thereby identifying the museum with the city. Despite the sculptural beauty of the museum, the interior is a notoriously difficult space in which to display art.
The Weather Project Olafur Eliasson 2003 Installations (visual work) materials are mixed media danish light art key terms: key concepts:
Eliasson based the project on his notion that weather is one of the few authentic ways that city dwellers interact with nature. His goal for the installation was to bring nature into the museum, and to encourage visitors to take the memory of their experience back outside. Visitors were overwhelmed by the immense scale and simple beauty of the installation. People gathered, wandered around, and even laid down on the floor to enjoy the soft golden light that permeated the space. While such reactions may recall the Romantic landscape painters' pursuit of the sublime (see fig. 17-27), Eliasson instead hoped to highlight the artificiality of such an encounter within the museum context. By exposing the mechanical devices used to create the illusion, he encouraged viewers to question their experience, perhaps contrasting it to real moments they spent in nature.
Tar Beach Faith Ringgold African American 1988 paintings/textiles key terms: key concepts:
Faith Ringgold, Tar Beach, Part I from a woman on a bridge series, acrylic on canvas with printed, painted and quilted and pieced cloth, 1988 Collage Very important collaging in the 29th c Arterested in denying illusionastic space and focusing on the surface Quilt like aspect to it It hangs on the wall Its a story quilt Trying to find the difference from women's art from men's art Women were thinking about their own art such as quilt making Suppresssed her quilt making in her family Her mother helped her make her first quilt Combined the influence of european painters such as picasso, monet, matisse and her quilt making from her great great great g such as her suzy that was a slave women African american expeerience w quilt making was like the african who made the tools and then adorned them STORY QUILT A narrative of her life as a child Print which is her story A narrative in the center showing her childhood Childhood fantasy and ideas in her work In the middle of new york, very urban city Childhood memory with a very strong narrative Border with decorative material Young black woman in new york
The Dinner Party Judy Chicago 1979 Sculpture installation wirh porcelain, needlework, mixed media, 1974-1979 American Feminist Art key terms: key concepts:
Femist art Most famous work Coming out of the 1960s there was an interest in feminism 13 names per side, 39 place settings, 919 names, floor tiles Collaborative work, many artists helped First real feminist work She did not want it to be hierarchical Such as the last supper, she did not want that She did a triangular nae She does kinda do it like the last supper Artemsia gentileschi was feautured Created ceramic plates, a setting embroidery , needlework Things tended to be related with women A lot of tension lavished in the individual plate setting Hildegarde of bingen was featured: stained glass plate Georgia o'keeffe: female genitalia for her plate Penises are featured all the time Emily Dickinson: women's genitalia Men were also included in this also Not only the imagery but the way it was made Re-installed at the brooklyn museum permanently
Marilyn Diptych Andy Warhol. 1962 C.E. Oil, acrylic, and silkscreen enamel on canvas Marilyn Diptych he has produced effects of blurring and fading strongly suggestive of the star's demise. The contrast of this panel, printed in black, with the brilliant colors of the other, also implies a contrast between life and death. The repetition of the image has the effect both of reinforcing its impact and of negating it, creating the effect of an all-over abstract pattern. key terms: silkscreen-- A printing process in which a fine mesh silk screen is used as a stencil to reproduce a design in multiple copies. key concepts: photography
He got his start in advertising Rebelling against much like the other modernist artists Taps into modern culture He was fascinated w celebrities Idolized celebrities Images are slightly different Ussed silkscreen commonly used in adevrtising
Fallingwater (Exterior) Kaufmann House Bear Run (United States) Pennsylvania, US Frank Lloyd Wright (architect) 1935-1937 CE Reinforced concrete, sandstone, steel, and glass Bear Run facade in Autumn key terms: key concepts:
How architecture interacts with the environment Like people building on beaches Wanted to build in the actual site Such as using stone from the site in the architecture Sense of space, sense of new architecture Organic architecture**** He had wild ideas Integrate the environment in the construction Cantilevers: concrete, such strong support on one side that the other can hang horizontally Very consistent with its design throughout
Darkytown Rebellion Kara Walker. 2001 C.E. Cut paper and projection on wall. African american/american Black silhouettes against colorful background, sharp lines, distinct and defined shapes. The actual subject of the work is meant to reflect the antebellum South during the time of slavery. Many southern African-American stereotypes are still present today and Walker hoped to make viewers realize how subconsciously they had these premeditated ideas about the figures and the assumptions about race they automatically made because of popular culture. key terms: key concepts:
Installations Intersectionality She deals with race issues and she also deals with the plight of women in slave, imperialist and unequal settings She uses a silloutte Old art form associated with upper class Violent images Color against the sillouhoutte such as physical brutality and sexual brutality
Ulugali'i Samoa: Samoan Couple Shigeyuki Kihara 2004-2005 photograph c-print new zealand/samoan key terms: key concepts:
Kihara creates art that forces us to rethink the impact of colonialism in shaping perceptions about cultural and gendered stereotypes. Much of her work is inspired by nineteenth- and early twentieth-century colonial photographs of Pacific Islanders, which were widely circulated in the West. Carefully posed and costumed, these erotic images of bare-breasted women and exotic "noble savages" established misconceptions of Oceanic cultures. Kihara mimics this tradition in ULUGAL'I SAMOA: SAMOAN COUPLE (fig. 20-42). The sepia-toned photograph shows a man and woman wearing bark cloth and holding traditional Samoan status objects. Kihara herself poses as the native woman, but has also superimposed her own face, with wig and mustache, onto the body of the male figure. This is one of a series of photographs entitled "Fa'a fafine: in a Manner of a Woman." Fa'a fafine is the Samoan word for a biological male who lives as a woman, the "third gender" socially accepted historically throughout much of Polynesia. Kihara is herself fa'a fafine, and in this photograph, like others in the series, she blurs notions of who or what is male or female, original or copy, reality or perception.
The Two Fridas Frida Kahlo. 1939 C.E. Oil on canvas Mexican She typically painted self-portraits using vibrant colours in a style that was influenced by cultures of Mexico as well as influences from European Surrealism. Her self-portraits were often an expression of her life and her pain. key terms: key concepts:
Mexican Very large work She often paints herself She has inspired a lot of art Intersectionality: intersection of these different identities The role of women changes She talks about issue of race and gender Juxtaposition of things Surrealism She doesnt considere herself surrealist Highly naturalistic Shes addressing her dual identity She shows her european guise on the left and mexican guise on the right She fell hard for diego rivera, it was complicated Issues of being a woman
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon Pablo Picasso. 1907 C.E. Oil on canvas/ Spanish Marks a radical break from traditional composition and perspective in painting. These strategies would be significant in Picasso's subsequent development of Cubism, charted in this gallery with a selection of the increasingly fragmented compositions he created in this period. key terms: key concepts:
Modern work Avignon is a city of south of france Ladies of street of barcelona They are prostitutes Naked women Primitivism Some of the women look non-naturalistic He collected african art New formal qualities, the abstraction Reliquary guardian was inspiration as it was an african sculpture Naked women in the idea of the male gaze Women are confrontational looking at us Much more aggressive gaze Five women seen in this picture plane Picasso clearly begins to deconstruct space Some kind of curtain the back A brothel Picasso called it the philosophical brothel He wanted to make a big splash Meant to catch peoples attention He incorporates his love for african art Started to explore cubism Flattening out and using geometry Loves the geometric qualities of the african masks The eyes and noses are seen in multiple points of view His friends call it monstrous and tell him to put away The incorporation of this The mask was just fine Landmark work in the history of maternity
Grande Odalisque Ingres, J.A.D. 1814 Oil on canvas French key terms: key concepts:
Oda: herom Odalisque: of the heroms Looked western woman Orientalism Male gaze Making women exotic Artist is painting these for the audience Very exotic and exiting Not at all the image of north african women North african props on top of a western woman Absurdity Naive The perception made Orientalism: this gaze of western europe on all of asia and africa We try to look at art without that western gaze
Jane Avril Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 1893 lithograph art Nouveau/French key terms: installation art: A term coined in the 1960s and 1970s to refer to works created for a specific site and arranged (usually temporarily) to create a total environment. key concepts: high art vs low art: Most people are aware of a distinction between high and low art. High art is appreciated by those with the most cultivated taste. Low art is for the masses, accessible and easily comprehended. The concept of high and low can be traced back to 18th century ideas about fine art and craft Lithography: A print made from a design drawn on a flat stone block with greasy crayon. Oil-based ink is applied to a wet stone and, when printed, adheres only to the greasy areas of the design.
Partaking and illustrating the same type of culture Enter period of poster art Don't necessarily have a patron, go up everywhere Picks up speed in late 19th century Relatively common at the time Lithography: type of printing Lithography stones Develops in 19th c bc its a fine grain stone can be used to make prints Unlike a woodcut wears down, these stones can be reused and made many different multiples Waxy substance that is the drawing implement Very inexpensive prints 4 ithographic colors: yellow, magenta, cyan, then black It's a gradual process Printed in five different stages the jane avril Based on one of the great performers of the era
Object, Meret Oppenheim. 1936. fur covered cup, saucer, and spoon Sculpture/swiss key terms: key concepts:
Return of surrealism Surrealism began by the book written by freud Subjects that usually dont go together are put together to stimulate the unconcious mind Dreamlike state of not knowing Surrealists love the hidden world First work of art by a woman in the museaum of modern art Andre breton: luncheon in fur Make us deeply unconfortable Juxtaposing things Quintessential surrealist works Weird associations
The Persistence of Memory, Salvador Dali 1931/Spanish/Surrealism unexpected juxtapositions of disparate realities. irrational world seems very convincing Expressionism: Styles in which aspects of a work of art are exaggerated to evoke subjective responses rather than to portray objective reality or seek a rational response. Key Terms: abstract Key Concepts: freud -- Freud's theory argued that the human psyche is a battleground where the rational forces of the conscious mind struggle against the irrational, instinctual urges of the unconscious. psychoanalysis and art--
Surrealism: pure psychic automatism absence of control Melted things, animal like things Apocalyptic colors It's small to get in close and to look at it Surrealism influence by psychoanalytic theory especially by freud Artist wanted to explore the unconscious mind Dream are window into unconcious Automatism: come directly out of the unconcious/psyche Juxtaposition of unlike elements Spanish artist Bizarre titles with works Vaguely antimorphic Modern but NOT abstract "Hand painted dream photographs" anxiety is present****** some deconstruction elements
The Gross Clinic Thomas Eakins/1875/oil on canvas/american key terms: Realism: Lifelike description of the appearance of objects, people, and the natural world. When capitalized as Realism, refers to a specific movement in European art during the mid-nineteenth century that associates realism with a social or political message. avant-garde Key concepts: realism
Too much about modern life, modern advances Huge painting It's too realistic Heroism surgeons Rejected, went to a medical college Sense of theater Anatomy theater Because there is blood it isnt okay Too much about modern life that it is not appropriate for life Surgeons seen as butchers Trying not to amputate leg by trying new method Subject matter was not appropriate -surgeon potrayed as heroic figure -patient is principally illuminated -used light to make a point, science is light in ignorance
Spiral Jetty Great Salt Lake, Utah. U.S. Robert Smithson. 1970 C.E. Earthwork: mud, precipitated salt crystals, rocks, and water coil Earthworks / sculpture The wind alters the intensity of the water's changing colors, as does the quality of the light and the density of the overhead cloud-cover. As you start to walk the spiral, you enter a kaleidoscope of moaning wind, relentless light, and mercurial water colors. key terms: key concepts:
Very long history First spiral was proposed in the dfw airport in 1966 Aerial art Art that could be seen from the air Basically how to come up with the design Meant to mimic a transition from one place to another in airport You have a work of art that creates an image but also is used as a platform to view the landscape Planning and design of this wok was rapid Done in 10 days He staked out the spiral by measuring out and using string to outline and then there's a truck that dumps stones He uses a grader to level it off Connects to natural history Wanted his spiral jetty to be seen from space such as bingham copper mine pit The water is very shalow now so the spiral was ver Breathe w the landscape Breaking down the mythical to the reals
Fountain (Lost Origanal, Assisted Ready-Made) Marcel Duchamp. 1950 C.E. (original 1917). Readymade glazed sanitary china with black paint Photographed by Alfred Stieglitz Sculpture/french It was unexpectedly a rather beautiful object in its own right and a blindingly brilliant logical move, check-mating all conventional ideas about art. But it was also a highly successful practical joke. key terms: key concepts:
cerebral approach rather appeal to mind than senses "Whether Mr. Mutt with his own hands made the fountain or not has no importance. He CHOSE it. He took an ordinary article of life, placed it so that its useful significance disappeared under the new title and point of view—created a new thought for that object." Duchamp's philosophy of the readymade, succinctly expressed in these words, had a tremendous impact on later twentieth-century artists. Dada mocked the senselessness of rational thought and even the foundations of modern society.
The Nightmare Henry Fuseli/1781/oil on canvas/english essentionally contemporary romanticism--An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 1700s and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules Key Terms: Key concepts: psychoanalysis and art
glorified the irrational side the enlightment tried to supress quite erotic based erotic dreams - Romantic art!!
Rehearsal of the Ballet on Stage, Degas, Impressionism/1874/drawings/materials are mixed medias/french key terms: the painting of modern life Key concepts: Most people are aware of a distinction between high and low art. High art is appreciated by those with the most cultivated taste. Low art is for the masses, accessible and easily comprehended. The concept of high and low can be traced back to 18th century ideas about fine art and craft
pastel over brush and ink drawing on paper,, laid on bristol board, mounted on canvas He was a wealthy artist LIKES THE ASPECTS OF REAL LIFE LOSE BRUSH STROKE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPRESSIONISM Very small painting Interest is ballet, stage light, movemnt Composition isnt centered Ballerinas were a frequent theme degas painted Very interested in photography and harsh light Intrusion of the orchestra The composer lets us know where we are standing as it enters abstractly
Vietnam Veterans Memorial. american architecture Washington, D.C., U.S. Maya Lin. 1982 C.E. Granite. The strength of the granite contrasts with softness of the grass and brings a balance to both nature and architecture. key terms: key concepts:
saw Lin's use of abstraction as a radical departure from the representational monuments often used to honor war heroes. a v-shaped memorial, black "granite" dramatic but simple modern the sculpture is made of two highly polished black granite slabs that reach out from deep in the earth at the center. Each arm is 247 feet long. They meet at a 130-degree angle where the slabs are 10 feet tall. The names of 58,272 American soldiers killed or declared missing in action during the Vietnam War (1965-1975) are listed chronologically, in the order they died or were lost, beginning in 1956 at the shallowest point to the left and climaxing in 1968 at the tallest part of the sculpture, representing the year of highest casualties.
Untitled Film Still #21 Cindy Sherman 1978 Photographs/american/feminism gelatin silver print key terms: key concepts: photography
uses photography to engage the post modern critique the role's of women in this still it's a small town girl arriving in the big city power of visual representation to construct female identity
The Holy Virgin Mary Chris Ofili 1996 painting on mixed media english The large glittering canvas features a stylized African Madonna painted with acrylic and oil paint, augmented with mixed-media elements such as elephant dung and photographs of women's buttocks from pornographic magazines. key terms: key concepts:
western madonna fusing with one other culture, the african, using found objects is african tradition, dung was used for the connection to art and religion in zibabwee
The Advantages of Being a Woman Artist Guerrilla Girls 1988 graphics/offset lithograph american/feminism/humor/political protests key terms: key concepts:
works that expose gender and racial inequalities ingres' large odalisque masked as a gorrilla mask The poster, made in 1989, notes that while women comprise less than 5 percent of the artists represented in the museum, they make up 85 percent of the nudes on display. brings awareness to discrimination in the art world ironic and clever