Art 100 Exam 2

alla prima

"all in one" spontaneously finding form right on the canvas

mosaic

"ancient in origin" tiny glass or stone cut by hand and assembled into a piece of art

pastel

"borderline material" between drawing and painting. soft, similar to chalk, nongreasy binder, needs a fixer. Very rich color

collage

"pasting" in French. Gluing actual objects to a work of art.

buon fresco

"true fresco" paint made from pigment and water is applied to wet plaster

drypoint

uses a drypoint needle to draw on the plate. as the needle scratches across the plate it raises a burr, thin ridge of metal. this burr holds the ink making a line that is softly detailed.

fresco secco

using a dry plaster in fresco

acrylic

very fluid, water-based, quick drying, pure and intense color. Rivaled oil painting

gouache

water color with white pigment added. Very solid, bright colors. Can not shade

brush and ink

watering down ink. brush is squirrel or goat hair

democratization of art

woodcut allowed individuals to have religious imagery, books, playing cards, and art for little money.

engraving

A type of intaglio, oldest form was done on metal around 1430. Easily reproduced.

cartoon

a full-size drawing of the entire project used to guide the work

gesso

a mixture of white pigment and glue that sealed the wood and could be sanded and rubbed to a smooth, ivory-like finish

ground

a preliminary coat of paint

burin

a sharp, V-shaped tool used to cut lines into the metal plate.

binder

a substance that allows the pigment to be shaped into sticks (for dry media) or to be suspended in fluid (for liquid media), and to adhere to the drawing surface

impasto

a thick application of paint. means "paste" in Italian.

aquatint

a way of achieving flat areas of tone- gray values or intermediate values of color.

airbrush

a way that acrylic can be used. not very distinct lines

intonaco

adding the wet plaster after the sinopio

relief

any printing method in which the image to be printed is raised from a background

Intaglio

areas meant to print are below the surface of the printing plate. The artist uses a sharp tool or acid to make depressions. the ink sinks into these depressions. the surface of the plate is wiped clean. the paper is put under pressure and picks up the ink

etching

artist covers plate with a ground (acid resistance substance) usually beeswax or asphalt. Artist draws on coated plate with an etching needle, which removes the ground. Entire plate dipped in acid.

woodcut

artist draws desired image on a block of wood. then they cut out the areas that aren't meant to be in the image. They ink the block and press it on paper.

mezzotint

artist works from dark to light. Uses a rocker to roughen the entire plate. To create lighter spaces the artist uses a burnisher to smooth the plate.

pencil

binding powdered graphite with fine clay to make a cylindrical drawing stick, and then encased in wood. the most common drawing medium of all today.

watercolor

borderline between drawing and painting. dries rapidly, translucent quality, can not fix mistakes. pigment in water and gum arabic, sticky plant substance that acts as a binder

grisaille technique

build form with grey and then go over it with oil

pigment

coloring material

metalpoint

common during the Renaissance. A thin wire made of a relatively soft metal such as silver, set in a holder. Drawing surface must be prepared by covering it with ground, a preliminary coat of paint. Characterized by a fine, delicate line of uniform width

size

made from animal, protects the wood

oil

consist of a pigment compounded with oil, usually linseed. The oil acts as a binder, creating as it dries a transparent film which the oil is suspended

charcoal

creates a soft, scattered line that smudges easily and can be erased with a flicks of a cloth.

wood engraving

cut across the grain. Fine, narrow channels that show as white lines when inked

conte crayon

finer texture; few colors: red, brown, white, and black

wash

ink diluted with water and applied with a brush

Albrecht Durer

introduced Italian art to Germany. First well known non-Italian artist

tempera

mixing paint with egg yolk. Very durable and quick drying. Apply to small areas at a time

gum arabic

natural gums made from hardened sap, used in pastel

priming

preparing the canvas to receive paint

pouncing

pricks holes in cartoons and then charcoal is used to create dots on the plaster.

impression, striking, or pulling

printing the final product

reproductive prints

prints that copy prints in another medium

arriccio

rough 1st layer of a fresco

giornata

small piece of intonaco

linocut

soft, spongy linoleum being cut out instead of wood. Only produces a few dozen prints. Every color needs a different block

encaustic

the earliest perfected painting material. Pigment suspended in beeswax. Painted on wood and artist must have a heat source. Used more throughout the early Christian period.

resin

the fine powdered substance used in aquatint

support

the surface the artist works on; paper, wood panel, wall, canvas, etc.

tessera

the tiny pieces in a mosaic

edition

the total number of prints made from a block

sinopio

the underdrawing

"white line" technique

the white lines in wood engraving.

glazes

thinned down oil

chalk

three soft, finely textured stones that can be used for drawing: black (carbon and clay), red (iron oxide and clay), and white (calcite or calcium carbonate)