Art 100 Exam 2
alla prima
"all in one" spontaneously finding form right on the canvas
mosaic
"ancient in origin" tiny glass or stone cut by hand and assembled into a piece of art
pastel
"borderline material" between drawing and painting. soft, similar to chalk, nongreasy binder, needs a fixer. Very rich color
collage
"pasting" in French. Gluing actual objects to a work of art.
buon fresco
"true fresco" paint made from pigment and water is applied to wet plaster
drypoint
uses a drypoint needle to draw on the plate. as the needle scratches across the plate it raises a burr, thin ridge of metal. this burr holds the ink making a line that is softly detailed.
fresco secco
using a dry plaster in fresco
acrylic
very fluid, water-based, quick drying, pure and intense color. Rivaled oil painting
gouache
water color with white pigment added. Very solid, bright colors. Can not shade
brush and ink
watering down ink. brush is squirrel or goat hair
democratization of art
woodcut allowed individuals to have religious imagery, books, playing cards, and art for little money.
engraving
A type of intaglio, oldest form was done on metal around 1430. Easily reproduced.
cartoon
a full-size drawing of the entire project used to guide the work
gesso
a mixture of white pigment and glue that sealed the wood and could be sanded and rubbed to a smooth, ivory-like finish
ground
a preliminary coat of paint
burin
a sharp, V-shaped tool used to cut lines into the metal plate.
binder
a substance that allows the pigment to be shaped into sticks (for dry media) or to be suspended in fluid (for liquid media), and to adhere to the drawing surface
impasto
a thick application of paint. means "paste" in Italian.
aquatint
a way of achieving flat areas of tone- gray values or intermediate values of color.
airbrush
a way that acrylic can be used. not very distinct lines
intonaco
adding the wet plaster after the sinopio
relief
any printing method in which the image to be printed is raised from a background
Intaglio
areas meant to print are below the surface of the printing plate. The artist uses a sharp tool or acid to make depressions. the ink sinks into these depressions. the surface of the plate is wiped clean. the paper is put under pressure and picks up the ink
etching
artist covers plate with a ground (acid resistance substance) usually beeswax or asphalt. Artist draws on coated plate with an etching needle, which removes the ground. Entire plate dipped in acid.
woodcut
artist draws desired image on a block of wood. then they cut out the areas that aren't meant to be in the image. They ink the block and press it on paper.
mezzotint
artist works from dark to light. Uses a rocker to roughen the entire plate. To create lighter spaces the artist uses a burnisher to smooth the plate.
pencil
binding powdered graphite with fine clay to make a cylindrical drawing stick, and then encased in wood. the most common drawing medium of all today.
watercolor
borderline between drawing and painting. dries rapidly, translucent quality, can not fix mistakes. pigment in water and gum arabic, sticky plant substance that acts as a binder
grisaille technique
build form with grey and then go over it with oil
pigment
coloring material
metalpoint
common during the Renaissance. A thin wire made of a relatively soft metal such as silver, set in a holder. Drawing surface must be prepared by covering it with ground, a preliminary coat of paint. Characterized by a fine, delicate line of uniform width
size
made from animal, protects the wood
oil
consist of a pigment compounded with oil, usually linseed. The oil acts as a binder, creating as it dries a transparent film which the oil is suspended
charcoal
creates a soft, scattered line that smudges easily and can be erased with a flicks of a cloth.
wood engraving
cut across the grain. Fine, narrow channels that show as white lines when inked
conte crayon
finer texture; few colors: red, brown, white, and black
wash
ink diluted with water and applied with a brush
Albrecht Durer
introduced Italian art to Germany. First well known non-Italian artist
tempera
mixing paint with egg yolk. Very durable and quick drying. Apply to small areas at a time
gum arabic
natural gums made from hardened sap, used in pastel
priming
preparing the canvas to receive paint
pouncing
pricks holes in cartoons and then charcoal is used to create dots on the plaster.
impression, striking, or pulling
printing the final product
reproductive prints
prints that copy prints in another medium
arriccio
rough 1st layer of a fresco
giornata
small piece of intonaco
linocut
soft, spongy linoleum being cut out instead of wood. Only produces a few dozen prints. Every color needs a different block
encaustic
the earliest perfected painting material. Pigment suspended in beeswax. Painted on wood and artist must have a heat source. Used more throughout the early Christian period.
resin
the fine powdered substance used in aquatint
support
the surface the artist works on; paper, wood panel, wall, canvas, etc.
tessera
the tiny pieces in a mosaic
edition
the total number of prints made from a block
sinopio
the underdrawing
"white line" technique
the white lines in wood engraving.
glazes
thinned down oil
chalk
three soft, finely textured stones that can be used for drawing: black (carbon and clay), red (iron oxide and clay), and white (calcite or calcium carbonate)