art 101

From the statements below which is not an example of formalist criticism for the work Sketch I for Composition VII?

There is a predominant red color throughout the work that is repeated in varying quantities and is occasionally complemented by green.

Robert Campin's Merode Altarpiece (Figure 6-12) is a _____________ whose three panels from left to right, contain the kneeling donors of the Altarpiece; an Annunciation scene with the Virgin Mary and the angel Gabriel; and Joseph, the foster father of Jesus, at the work in his carpentry shop.

Triptych

Justinian and Attendants from the Church of St. Vitale, is an example of the art style that comprised most of the ornamentation of the Early Christian churches. Which of these statements is/are true about this work of art.

A. This work uses this simple perspective technique of overlapping in which a figure is placed slightly in front of the another and in the case the heads form a single line. C. The garments no longer relate to the human form under them, as they seem to hang on invisible frames. This contracts strongly to the earlier work, The Good Shepard in which the drapery flows over the bodies naturally. E. The tall, spare, angular, and elegant figures seem to have no substance with the gorgeous draperies falling straight and stiff from the narrow shoulders, their thickly lidded eyes stare outward and they gesture unnaturally. These figures characteristics contrast strongly with the figures in The Good Shepard in which the figures are posed naturalistically and were created using classical proportions.

Compare and contrast the portal sculpture of the Chartres Cathedral and the Reims Cathedral. Which of these statements are true.

All of these

Remembering our lessons from Chapter 2: Visual Elements of Art and Chapter 3: Principles of Deign compare Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper and Raphael's The School of Athens we see these similarities.

All of these

In Egyptian art the depiction of the figure followed a strict conventionalism that lasted for thousands of years. The exception to this was the _____________ when the wedge-shaped stylizations that stood as a rigid canon for the representation of the human body were replaced by curving lines and full-bodied forms.

Amarna period

A prime example of sculpture of the ______ and the characteristics that it entails would be the Kouros Figure. The figure is very stiff and ridge even though all the body parts are freed from the block of marble the shape of it adheres essentially to the block shape. The lines of musculature are stylized following anatomical patterns and not optical fact and the muscles are flexed unrealistically. The face is stylized with the hair in an intricate pattern and thick-lidded eyes. It is the facial expression and the smile that is seen in most sculpture of the period, so much so that the smile is named after that period.

Archaic period

Ulysses in the Land of the Lestrygonians, is an example of the _________ . Works in this style give the illusion of an opening of space away from the plane of the wall, as if the viewer were looking out a window.

Architectural style of Roman painting

Justinian and Attendants from the Church of St. Vitale, is an example of ________ . This art style comprised most of the ornamentation of the Early Christian churches. In this medium a design is formed by embedding small pieces of colored stone or glass in cement.

a mosaic

The most significant design in Roman construction was the _________ .

arch

In the Baroque period the Renaissance balance between emotion and restraint that was adopted from Classical Greek Art gives way to unleashed passion and the theatricality and the marked extension of the figure into the surrounding space of _____________.

Greek Hellenistic Art

In the visual arts, ______________ refers to a distinctive handling of elements and media associated with the work of an individual artist, a school or movement, or specific culture or time period.

style

In the ______________, art is characterized by excessive, almost theatrical emotion and the use of illusionistic effects to heighten realism. In sculpture the space surrounding the figures is treated as an extension of the viewer's space, at times narrowing the fine line between art and reality. An example of art from this period would be the The Dying Gaul, which illustrates the artist's preoccupation with dramatic subjects, harsh realism and passionate emotion.

. Hellenistic period of Greek art

An important improvement from Archaic sculpture in depicting a more realistic human figure in __________ sculpture that can be seen in Polykleitos's Doryphoros is the weight shift principle. The human figure is situated so that the legs and hips are turned in one direction and the chest and arms in another. This shifting of weight results in a diagonal balancing of tension and relaxation.

Classical

_______________ is the organization of the visual elements in a work of art.

Composition

The __________ Statue of Khafre is an example of tomb sculpture. The artist has confined the figure to the block of stone from which it was carved instead of allowing it to stand freely in space. Permanence was essential as sculptures like Khafre were created to house the ka, or _____________ if the mummified remains of the deceased disintergrated.

Egyptian, Old Kingdom; soul

The _____ culture has had more far-reaching and lasting influence on art and civilization than any other culture. Even today its influences can be felt in science, mathematics, law, politics, and art.

Greek

"May" from Les Tres Riches Heures de Duc de Berry, by the Limbourg brothers is an excellent example of the _______________ of painting of the late 14th and early 15th centuries. This style appealed to the aristocracy with its themes involving splendid processions of knights and ladies complete with entourages, horses, and hunting hounds and courtly scenes. Brilliant color, embellishment with gold leaf, and attention to details are some of its characteristics.

International style

Hall of Bulls, Lascaux, France is a splendid example of Stone Age painting from the ____________ period. These superimposed realistic images of horses, bulls, and reindeer appear to be stampeding in all directions. The artist used a variety of techniques to capture foreshortening and contrast of light and shadow to create the illusion of three-dimensional forms.

Paleolithic

Which statement applies to this work of art?

Perhaps the most significant figure painter of the Impressionism movement was Piette-Auguste Renoir. One of his favorite subject matters and of the Impressionist artists was painting members of the middle class enjoying leisure time activities. In Le Mounlin de la Galette we see his primary interest of painting the effect of light as it players across the surface of objects and his characteristic feathery brushstrokes.

__________ is any printmaking technique in which the printing plate or matrix is carved with carving tools so that the areas that are not meant to be printed (that is, that are not meant to leave an image) are below the surface of the matrix. The image is printed from the remaining raised surface.

Relief

_____________ is a Greek word meaning "Rebirth" spanning roughly the 14th - 16th centuries.

Renaissance

Sculpture of the _________________ periods was mainly restricted to architectural decoration in relief sculptures around the portals or principle entrances. Some of the most important and elaborate sculptural decoration is found in a semicircular space above the cathedral doors called the _________.

Romanesque and Gothic (2) tympanum

Compare these three works of art, Narmer Palette, Old Kingdom Egyptian, Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, Akkadian and the Stele Inscribed with the Law Code of Hammurabi, Assyrian. Which of these statements is/are true.

The king is represented some what larger in scale than the other figures.

A comparison of Tintoretto's The Last Supper with Leonardo's The Last Supper will show the dramatic changes that had taken place in both art and the concept of art over almost a century.

a. In Tintoretto's work the space is sliced by a sharp diagonal, it has asymmetrical balance which only enhances the energy and movement of the composition. Leonardo's work appears static in comparison with the space divided down the middle and its symmetrical balance, only adds to the balance between emotion and restraint in his composition. b. Both works use chiaroscuro the balance of light and shade in a work to represent light falling across a curved or rounded surface to create very realistic figures and forms in their compositions. But Tintoretto increases the use of contrast between highlights and shadows, which enhances the sense of drama. c. Tintoretto depicts Christ just as he offers his body and blood, in the form of bread and wine, to the disciples. Leonardo chose to depict Christ the moment he said "One of you will betray me." Leonardo chose a moment signifying death, Tintoretto a moment signifying life, depicted with in an atmosphere that is teeming with life. d. Leonardo's apostles seem posed for the occasion when contrasted with Tintoretto's spontaneously gesturing figures who look like they should move any moment.

Judy flaps voodoo is a ______________ work of art. The highly saturated colors and jagged shapes comprise the content and the spirit of the work with no references to make sure our reality.

abstract art

A Bronze sculpture occupies three-dimensional space and has measurable volume and weight. So it has ________________ .

actual mass

Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo, and Bernini all created a sculpture of David. Compare and contrast these sculptures. Which of these statements is/are true?

all

When we look at the Late Gothic work Madonna Enthroned by Cimabue and the Early Renaissance work Madonna Enthroned by Giotto, we see both similarities and differences. Both works can be considered transitional works. By use of observation, knowledge learned in previous chapters, and reading this chapter , which of these statements is/are true about these two works.

all of these

Bernini combined the arts of ________________ to archive the desired theatrical effect in the sculptural group The Ecstasy of St. Theresa for the chapel of the Cornaro family in the church of Saint Maria Della Vittoria. Uncontrollable passion and theatrical drama best describe this masterpiece of Baroque art.

architecture, sculpture, and painting

A major step in the history of photography came with the introduction by Louis Lumiere of the ______________ color process in 1907.

autochrome

he Last Supper by Leonardo's da Vinci displays, the Renaissance ideals of Classicism, humanism, and technical perfection. Remembering our lessons from Chapter 2: Visual Elements of Art and Chapter 3: Principles of Deign, which of these would be examples of "technical perfection."

b. This work shows a masterful use of chiaroscuro, or the gradual shifting from light to dark through successive gradation of tones across the surface. c. Leonardo creates a focal point on Christ through isolation that results from the leaning away of the apostles. e. The composition is organized through the use of one-point linear perspective. g. The artist creates a focal point on Christ by the silhouette of Christ created by the light that pierces the otherwise dark background.

If a vertical axis were drawn through the center of the work, the two halves of the central figures and the geometric motifs and animal motifs extending to the sides would be exact mirror images balancing each other. This work has ____________________.

bilateral symmetry

During the Classical period, the Greek sculptor Polykleitos's developed a __________ from which he would derive his 'ideal' figures. He has idealized the athletic figure by imposing on it a set of laws relating part to part, such as the entire body is equal in height to eight heads.

canon of proportions

Even though this church has a traditional plain exterior like other Christian churches, the Church of San Vitale is an example of the __________ church, which was the popular style in the East and the art of Byzantine. This church is know for its spatial effect. It is octagonal with a domed central space, its circular nave is ringed by an aisle or ambulatory eliminating the longitudinal axis of the Early Christian basilica.

central plan

The other most significant building design was the use of _________ to replace cut stone.

concrete

The ______ is an architectural structure generally in the shape of a hemisphere or a half globe and is commonly defined as an arch rotated 360 degrees.

dome

___________ are abrasive and scratch the surface of the support, leaving particles of the material being used where they come into contact with the support. They include the mediums of silverpoint, pencil, charcoal, chalk, crayon, and pastel.

dry media

There are three levels of ____________ subject matter, elements and composition, and underlying or symbolic meaning or themes.

form

___________ are constructed by placing barrel vaults at right angles to cover a square space known as a ______.

groin vaults; bay

Perhaps because early Christians were persecuted they adopted many symbols that were already present in Roman art for their own proposes like a fish for Christ and grapes for the promise of salvation through the blood Jesus had shed. But after the persecution stopped the symbolism still remained and important part of Christian Art. So when interpreting a Christian work of art, it is important to interpret its symbolic meaning or its ______, such as, the The Good Shepherd in St. Pietro and Marcellino, in which the symbolizing of Jonah's deliverance, after three days, from the belly of the monster as a prefiguration of Christ's resurrection.

icongraphy

The Dutch Baroque painter Rembrandt was a much sought after portrait painter. Rembrandt surrounded his figures in a haziness using exaggerated chiaroscuro as other Baroque artist and he used a painterly technique like Valasquez in which his brush strokes are heavily loaded with pigments and applied in thick ________.

impasto

________ is an oil painting technique in which oil paint is applied so thickly that it can physically construct the image. It is any thick application of paint in which the strokes of the brush or palette knife are recorded as an actual texture on the surface of the paint.

impasto

In the work The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus, the Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens created _____________ . By resting the mass of struggling forms on a single point so that we know visually that all this energy cannot be supported on this single point, so we inter continuous movement.

implied motion and time

The vocabulary of art includes ________________________________; these are the visual or plastic elements.

line, shape, light, value, color, texture, space, time, and motion

The fresco The School of Athens uses ____________________ a system for depicting the depth, in which parallel lines receding into the distance converge at a point on the horizon line known as the vanishing point. Forms get smaller in proportion to the receding lines.

linear perspective

With the introduction of the camera, ____________ synergistically moved toward abstraction because the obligation to faithfully record nature was now assumed by the photographer.

painters

__________________ revolutionized the capacity of news media, with the ability to bring realistic representation of important events before the public's eyes.

photography

In the Middle Ages there was one art form that women of all social classes and walks of life were taught, ___________________. The most famous surviving example of works created by women is the Bayeux Tapestry, which describes the invasion of England by William the Conqueror in a continuous narrative that was at least 230 running feet long.

the fiber arts of weaving and embroidery