ART-110-160 Chapter Thirteen
What are the trademark buildings of Frank Lloyd Wright's architectural oeuvre?
Prairie houses.
Our sense of community is strengthened by having access to what area?
Public spaces.
In architecture an element in compression is being __________, an element in tension is being __________.
Pushed; pulled
Which of the following architectural elements are characteristic of Gothic style?
Rose windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches.
Which of the following is not a basic architectural structural system? a. Skeleton-and-skin b. Load-bearing c. Shell d. Stacking
Stacking
A vast roofed space of post-and-lintel construction is called __________.
A hypostyle hall.
By what is the weight of a suspension bridge primarily supported?
A series of steel cables.
The name for sun-dried brick used as an architectural building material is __________.
Adobe
Which types of materials are suitable in the construction of load-bearing architecture?
Adobe, ice blocks, brick, and stone.
What is one advantage of reinforced-concrete construction?
An ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form.
Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the very top of the load-bearing walls pierced with small windows?
Ancient Egypt.
What is an arch extended in depth?
Barrel vault.
In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a __________.
Bay
It could be inferred that, due to the advent of new technologies and materials, modern architecture is __________.
Better equipped to respond to community and environmental needs.
Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of __________.
Bridges
Which structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?
Buttresses.
What relies on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged?
Corbelled domes.
The purpose of green architecture is to __________.
Create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat.
What are the two main components of CAD/CAM?
Digital technology and computer-driven technology.
What is the use of the bracket set and the stepped truss system in Eastern architecture?
Distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns.
Baseless capitals, fluted columns, and an entablature with alternating triglyphs and metotypes, are all elements of the __________ order of Greek architecture.
Doric
The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, __________.
Established the success of cast-iron as a building material.
True of false: Concrete was invented during the late 19th century as a cheap and easily transportable material.
False.
What is a pendentive?
Gaps the transition from a square base to a domed roof.
R. Buckminster Fuller developed the __________ __________.
Geodesic dome
__________ __________ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated modules, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction.
Geodesic domes
A __________, results when barrel vaults are connected at right angles.
Groin vault
Which innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?
Improved milling lumber techniques and mass-produced nails.
The __________ age ushered in the harnessing of steam, leading to the creation of the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, and the turbine.
Industrial
Visible structure of a building is a characteristic of the __________ style of architecture.
International
The construction of the Eiffel Tower __________.
Is a quintessential example of skeleton architecture.
Which of the following is not an advantage of balloon-frame construction? a. The cost is relatively affordable b. It can be easily customized to a particular aesthetic or taste c. It can be built to conceivably infinite heights d. Windows can be used in abundance
It can be built to conceivably infinite heights .
In a skeleton-and-skin system, what is the support structure of a building?
It is contained inside more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible.
What is the significance of the isolation of the Taj Mahal's dome?
It is ornamental.
Used in building skyscrapers, __________ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone.
Steel-frame
__________ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques.
Steel-frame
What era of peoples first made use of fabric architecture?
Stone Age
What are the two most common materials used in post-and-lintel construction?
Stone and wood.
The keystone, __________ a rounded arch.
Supports the downward and outward trust of
As what are fabric structures also known?
Tensile structures.
The key to fabric architecture is __________.
Tension
Why in the early period of Zaha Hadis' career was she sometimes called a "paper architect"?
The buildings she designed had not been constructed, they existed only on paper.
In Greek temple design, what area of the entablature is generally ornamented with sculptural relief?
The frieze.
What is a drawback of load-bearing construction?
The inability to insert large openings, such as windows, in the walls.
What technological advancement of the 1980's influenced digital design and manufacturing?
The personal computer.
What is the significance of the portico?
To trick visitors into thinking they were visiting a post-and-lintel temple.
When deciding on the structural support for a building, __________ and __________ are the first considerations.
Weight; tensile strength
What are two examples of nomadic dwellings involving fabric architecture?
Yurts and tents.