art 1309 exam 1 review

Expressed in percentage of objective and non-objective, where on the "degrees of abstraction" spectrum would we place Dubuffet's Corps du Dame?

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There were two great "catalysts" for the movement toward abstraction that we see in the mid-19th century in Europe, like in Edouard Manet's Dejeuner Sur L'Herbe. What were these?

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weeks 3-4 video lectures, how to analyze art confab

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weeks 5-8 video lectures : representation and abstraction confab

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1· Be able to identify the focal point in a work of art. 1· Be able to differentiate between one- and two-point perspective. 3· Be able to identify works that illustrate the use of "expressive" line. ·4 Be able to identify photographs that would be considered more "artistic" than "documentary". 5· Be able to differentiate between compositions that make use of "unity" or "variety". 6· Be able to identify the vanishing point in one-point perspective. 7· Be able to identify the "negative" space, (a) or "ground" (b) in a composition. 8· Be able to identify color "temperature" in a work of art, e.g., "warm" or "cool."

1) divide the painting into sections and wherever the lines intersect, thats the focal point. 2) One point perspective uses one vanishing point placed on the horizon line. Two point perspective uses two points placed on the horizon line. 3) Expressive lines are curved, adding an organic, more dynamic character to a work of art. Expressive lines are often rounded and follow undetermined paths. 4) to showcase something, to show expression 5) Variety is the use of different visual elements throughout a work, whereas unity is a feeling that all the parts of a work fit together well. These do not have to be opposites, as a work filled with variety might also have unity. 6) A vanishing point is placed on the horizon line, before basics shapes are drawn. Orthogonals (receding diagonal lines) are drawn to define the form of the objects extending towards the singular vanishing point. 7a) Negative space is the area surrounding the subject. Or in other words, positive space is the main focus area whilst negative space is the background. For example, if you take a cloudscape, the clouds are the positive space and the blue sky is the negative space. 7b) Figure-ground refers to the shapes, space or forms within a composition. In simplest terms the figure is what you notice and the ground is everything else. 8) Temperature refers to the warmth or coolness of a color. And as artists, it's important to learn about it because color temperature helps us create depth, mood and even movement. ... In general, yellows, oranges, and reds are warm colors and blues and greens are cool.

· The 2 prints shown in the Printmaking lecture by Albrecht Durer clearly illustrate the chief advantage of intaglio (engraving) over relief (woodcut) printmaking, which is ____________.

1. Relief: gouging a wood block so that ink adheres to the places that weren't gouged out. 2. Intaglio: engravings in linoleum, fiber glass. Etc

Which step in the 6-Step Critical Process involves a discussion of the meaning of the nails piercing her body in Frida Kahlo's self-portrait The Broken Column?

4

· Which step of the 6-Step Critical Process could involve a feminist analysis of the unequal gender roles represented in Jacques-Louis David's Oath of the Horatii?

5- contextual analysis

· The Codex Borgia was created by which culture?

Aztec

The example of the perpetuation of Native American stereotypes in the visual culture of the United States over the past two centuries best illustrates which of the reasons for studying art?

Because it helps us see what the reality of Native American culture is really like and how it is wrong to add to stereotypes.

Which is the most obvious difference between Bernini's David and Michelangelo's David?

Berni caught in action

· What is the first step in a formal analysis?

Description

· Be able to differentiate between a low-relief and high relief sculpture.

High relief sculpture stands out from the flat surface, sometimes to a great degree. In contrast, low relief sculpture does not stand out as much and may feature parts that are indented into the flat surface.

The Kitchen Series photograph by Carrie Mae Weems best illustrates which of the reasons why we study art?

In this work, one can see the intimacy and thought behind the woman's face, which can lead to many interpretations of the works.

Who developed the photographic process that would lead to modern photography?

Louis Daguerre

· Be able to differentiate between examples of post-and-lintel vs. load-bearing architecture.

The lintel must bear loads that rest on it as well as its own load without deforming or breaking.

The Nkisi Nkonde object from central Africa best illustrates which of the reasons we study art?

To display culture and to display the beauty and history of these central African traditions.

· Why did David Siqueros, the Mexican muralist, use industrial paints in many of his paintings?

Wanted to create an illusion of 2d in a 3d world

To create less saturated colors, like in the lighter blues in the water in Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise, artists mix white with their base color to create __________ colors.

a color or make it bluer : white dulls a color

In printmaking, what is an edition?

a copy or replica of a work of art made from a master

· Which of these paintings would we ultimately, after analyzing the information contained in the images, consider more "representational?" Howling Wolf's Treaty Signing at Medicine Lodge Creek or John Taylor's Treaty Signing at Medicine Lodge Creek?

a john taylor's treatyy signing at medicine lodge creek

Pierre Bonnard's oil painting, The Terrace at Vernon, uses a limited range of values or light, which we call __________.

a shade

· Watercolor painting is such a spontaneous process that many people think of it as _________.

a tool for sketching

The watercolor, The Large Turf, by Albrecht Durer best illustrates which of the reasons why we study art?

affected by humanistic view, respond by painting him like a christ like figure

When an artist deliberately avoids emphasis, we say that the work is __________.

afocal

Fountain (1917) by Marcel Duchamp best illustrates which of the reasons we study art?

art can be defined as an idea. taking an object and changing its meaning.

What basic aspect of art can we agree on, if not a final definition?

art is a special kind of human made object that is distinct from other objects

What do we mean by "non-representational" when referring to artworks?

art that does not depict a recognizable subject

· Which of our 3 philosophers from "Confab 1: What Is Art?" arrived at the conclusion that art is "what the artworld says it is?"

artur danto

In his description of the 2nd "reason" we study art (in the Why Study Art? Video), that it enriches our lives and expands our worldviews, Dr. Wheeler used this object to illustrate a more complex understanding of time than we normally experience.

aztec piece, marking of time

· When each side of a composition is a mirror image of the other, it shows __________.

bilateral symmetry

The _____________is the substance in paint that holds the particles of pigment together and often defines the characteristics of the various painting media.

binder

· In his oil painting American Landscape, Charles Sheeler is able to create neutral brown and gray colors by __________.

blending black and white

· Vincent van Gogh was the first artist to use __________ color, as with his oil painting The Night Cafe.

bright

· The material most often associated with the process of "casting" is _________.

bronze

· The material most often associated with the process of "casting" is ___________.

bronze

· Andrew Wyeth's oil painting Christina's World makes use of a "visual shorthand" in the grassy field to create __________.

captures visual ideas quickly

With atmospheric perspective, objects further from the viewer appear ___________ and __________.

cooler and less distinct

Artists use complementary colors to ___________.

create contrast

· What was the main catalyst for the movement toward non-objective art of the post-World War 2 era?

didnt want to get in trouble for painting the wrong thing by the nazi's

· Which of our 3 philosophers believed that art was different, and even better, than craft because it does not have usefulness as its end, but "pleasure?"

emmanuel kant

· Historically, architectural styles and building techniques have been dependent upon________________.

environment (the lay of the land and climate) and technology (available materials and the ability to manipulate them).

· A formal analysis involves _________.

focusing on the visual qualities of the work of art itself

In architecture, the enclosing walls of a room create which element of art?

foreshortening of space

· This highly naturalistic painting by Jan van Eyck is an example of ________________ painting.

fresco

· When an artist uses symbolic color, as with (possibly) Jan van Eyck's oil painting, they use it to _________.

grabs viewers attention

Lines that create a sense of movement and direction are called?

implied lines

· In the 6th and final step in our 6-Step Analytical Process, you need to do which of these 2 things?

interpretation, combines our descriptions and analysis with our previous knowledge and any information we may have about the artist.

How did the invention of photography affect painting?

it allowed painters a closer examination of light and asymmetrical, cropped spaces, as well as an exploration of spontaneity and visual ambiguity

How does the use of the camera obscura differ from contemporary photography?

it captures but does not preserve the image

· What is the main advantage of using oil paint over other paint media?

it dries slower, allowing for more naturalistic development

· What is unique about the paint Wayne Gilbert uses?

it is made with ashes

· Which of our 3 philosophers thought art should primarily serve a social function and should handle all aspects of the human experience and not just beauty and pleasure?

leo tolstoy

· Who is credited as the first artist to display drawings as finished pieces and not as preparations for other pieces (like paintings or sculptures)?

leonardo da vinci

· Which element is most relevant to a formal analysis of Jackson Pollock's Autumn Rhythm (#30)?

line

· What is the chief advantage of "buon", or true, fresco over "secco", or dry, fresco?

longer working time

· What are the 3 main types of sculpture?

modeling, carving, or joining

although gerhard richter's oil painting, betty, is highly naturalistic, it is not pureply representational because

of the selective focus to emulate a camera less

· "True" fresco painting can best be described as ____________.

painting on wet plaster

· Chris Burden's Shoot (1970) best fits within which category of art?

radical and provocative

· The oil painting Woman I, by Willem De Kooning reminds us that __________ is often important to our study and analysis of artworks.

representation

· What is the most prominent element Raphael uses in Canigiani Holy Family to create a sense of either unity or variety?

shape

· Which newly engineered material/construction type did Louis Sullivan use in the late nineteenth century in Chicago to build increasingly tall buildings?

steel and reinforced concrete

From the Why Study Art? Video Lecture, Vincent van Gogh's Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear best illustrates for us which of the "reasons" why we study art?

study the human psyche

What is the chief advantage of printmaking over other media?

the artist can make multiple copies of a single image

· How is Performance art different from traditional sculpture?

the artist often uses his/her own body, there is typically no object to be bought and sold, and it utilizes aspects of theater, dance and music

In the Why Study Art? Video Lecture, Dr. Wheeler says the first "reason" we study art is: "Studying art helps us develop the skills to more meaningfully engage with the totality of our visual experiences." He then mentions that the one thing that the study of art does better than any other area of study is that it allows us to study ________________.

the human psyche

· Despite the success of the daguerreotype, the process had its drawbacks, primarily _________.

the image could be reproduced

Which process best describes intaglio printing?

the image to be printed is raised above the surface

Le Corbusier was an architect and designer who prioritized followed which of the 2 twentieth century architectural maxims.

the manufactured and modular

How can we most effectively account for the heightened naturalism in Leonardo's Mona Lisa compared to Masaccio's The Tribute Money.

the mona list is known for sfumato technique

What is the consensus toward the question: "What is art?

there is no fully satisfactory answer

· The Romans created larger interior spaces in architecture than the Greeks did because _________.

they combined the use of the arch with the use of concrete.

Thomas Hart Benton's lithograph, Rainy Day, uses a wide range of values or light, which we call ________.

tints

· The Nkisi Nkonde reminds us that _________________ is often important to our study and analysis of artworks.

to maintain a social order

Which philosopher's definition best fits Skat Players by Otto Dix.

tolstoy

Bwa peoples Nwantantay masks are highly abstract but still representational in that they represent________.

various flying spirits

What is yellow's complementary color?

violet

Hatching and cross-hatching are ways of turning line into______________, or three-dimensional, modeled space.

volume

In a work of art, "content" refers to?

what the work expresses or means