art 3

Because Cimabue and Giotto's paintings combine Late Gothic and Early Renaissance styles, they are classified as __________.

. Proto-Renaissance

For his bronze statue of David, the first life-size nude since classical times, Donatello chose __________ as a prototype.

A barely adolescent boy

The stylized faces of the man and wife represented on the Etruscan Sarcophagus from Cerveteri were most likely influenced by __________ sculpture.

Archaic

Some of the earliest freestanding sculptures of the Archaic period were kouros figures, or blocky statues of nude young men, all with a conventionalized facial expression called the __________.

Archaic smile

During the __________ period of Greek art, an architectural format was developed that served as a model for all later Greek temples. The central room of the temple was known as a __________.

Archaic; cella

During the Classical period, __________ became the center of Greek art and culture under the dynamic statesman __________.

Athens; Pericles

The May calendar page of Les Très Riches Heures was a page from a __________, rendered in an ornate, courtly style known as __________.

Book of Hours; the International Style

Peter Paul Ruben's The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus depicts a scene from Greek mythology in which two mortal women are seized by __________, the twin sons of Zeus.

Castor and Pollux

In the apse of St. Peter's, Bernini combined architecture, sculpture, and stained glass to produce the brilliant golden display known as the __________.

Cathedra Petri

The emperor Maxentius ordered construction of a large basilica near the Roman forum. Little of it remains today, but its design set the precedent for many subsequent __________.

Christian churches

The Roman equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius still exists only because it was mistakenly believed to be a portrait of __________, the first emperor to recognize Christianity.

Constantine

From the Latin word meaning "wedge," __________ was a system of writing developed by the Sumerians.

Cuneiform

The circles, squares, patterning, and rigid, wedge-shaped torsos depicted on the Dipylon Vase indicate that it is a fine example of the __________ period of Greek art.

Geometric

Which of the following statements concerning Diego Velázquez's painting techniques is false?

He favored idealized, classical figures.

In 1922, British archaeologist Howard Carter remarked, "[A] gasp of wonderment escaped our lips, so gorgeous was the sight that met our eye: a golden effigy of the young boy king . . ." Carter was referring to __________.

King Tut's solid gold coffin

Considered a true Renaissance man, __________ excelled in engineering, the natural sciences, anatomy, music, and technological prototypes, not to mention creating some of the world's best loved paintings.

Leonardo da Vinci

The term labyrinthine well describes the huge, sprawling Palace at Knossos, and the term comes from the myth of the __________.

Minotaur

__________ was one of the first and most important churches erected during the Early Christian period. With its long nave and apse at one end, it was a __________ plan church.

Old St. Peter's; Latin Cross

The first centuries after the death of Jesus, before Emperor Constantine proclaimed religious tolerance for Christians, were known as the __________.

Period of Persecution

Which of the following Baroque painters was an ambassador, diplomat, and court painter to dukes and kings and supervised a huge workshop of assistants?

Peter Paul Rubens

The contrast of textures and fluidity and spontaneity of movement found in the Parthenon's pediment grouping called TheThree Goddesses is typical of the __________ style.

Phidian

The word __________ is derived from the French and means rebirth.

Renaissance

For Charlemagne's Palatine Chapel at Aachen, he sought to emulate __________.

Roman architecture

The Baroque era was born in __________, at least in part as a reaction to the spread of Protestantism resulting from the __________.

Rome; Reformation

Praxiteles's Hermes and Dionysos, from the Late Classical period, depicts a graceful and naturalistic body stance, called the __________, and an increased emphasis on __________.

S-curve; emotional expression

Francesco Borromini's __________ is an organic building that incorporates the Baroque elements of motion, space, and light.

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

The Stele of Hammurabi depicts the Babylonian ruler Hammurabi gaining inspiration for his codified laws from the god(dess)__________.

Shamash

In The Burial of Count Orgaz, the __________ painter El Greco's heavenly figures appear __________.

Spanish; extremely attenuated

Which of the following is considered one of the Bronze Age civilizations of pre-Hellenic Greece?

The Cyclades

The Renaissance began in 1401 with a competition for the commission to sculpt bronze doors for the baptistery of Florence. The subject of the entry panels was __________.

The Sacrifice of Isaac

Which of the following was not a Baroque addition to St. Peter's?

The Sistine Chapel

In Jan van Eyck's strikingly detailed double portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride, which of the following is nota symbolic reference in the painting?

The vase of lilies

One of the earliest and most famous "fertility" figurines from the Paleolithic period is the __________.

Venus of Willendorf

As was typical in Northern Renaissance paintings, the setting of Robert Campin's Merode Altarpiece is __________.

a contemporary Flemish home

Netherlandish painter Pieter Bruegel the Elder's The Peasant Wedding is an excellent example of __________.

a genre painting

When Michelangelo was only 27, he carved the 13½-foot statue of David from __________.

a single piece of almost unworkable marble

The Colosseum in Rome consists of two back-to-back __________ and a combination of __________ columns that produce a sense of lightness proceeding from bottom to top tier.

amphitheaters; Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

Spain was one of the wealthiest European countries during the Baroque and lavishly supported the arts, at least partly due to __________.

an influx of riches from the New World

The two most significant innovations in building design introduced by the Romans were the __________, which made construction of the Pantheon possible.

arch and concrete

Some of the purest examples of Renaissance Classicism are to be found in the __________ of Leon Battista Alberti.

architecture

Using the laws of perspective in his Holy Trinity fresco, Masaccio created the illusion of an extension of the architectural space of the church by painting a(n) __________.

barrel-vaulted chapel with holy and common figures

The François Vase, with black figures on a reddish background, is an example of the __________ painting technique and was produced during the __________ period of Greek art.

black-figure; Archaic

The __________ were a huge network of galleries and burial chambers beneath the city of Rome where Christians worshiped in secret and buried their dead.

catacombs

The Pantheon's dome is __________ to lessen the weight of it both physically and visually.

coffered

The Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut was carved out of living rock and is most impressive visually due to its three tiers of pillared __________.

colonnades

After Martin Luther's Reformation, Dutch artists painted scenes of daily life, whereas Flemish artists __________.

continued painting religious and mythological scenes as in Baroque Italy

The jamb figures of Mary and Elizabeth on the west portal of Reims Cathedral are placed in a naturalistic weight-shift stance also known as __________.

contrapposto

An architectural aspect of the church of St. Sernin is its use of the __________.

crossing square

During Akhenaton's reign, the longstanding stylized formality of Egyptian art briefly gave way to __________, as seen in the very famous Bust of Queen Nefertiti.

curving lines and full-bodied forms

Much of ancient Egypt's art and many of its monuments were, in one way or another, linked to __________.

death or worship of the dead

The processional Frieze from the royal audience hall in Persepolis, shows _____.

deeply carved, fleshy, well-rounded human figures

The art and architecture of the Mycenaean civilization reflects a preoccupation with __________ because, unlike Crete, it lacked the natural defense of a surrounding sea.

defense

In his Creation of Adam scene from the Sistine Chapel ceiling, Michelangelo created the most __________ in the history of art as God reached out to spark life into Adam.

dramatic negative space

As the Gothic period progressed, all of the following architectural innovations occurred except __________.

exterior walls appeared heavier

Jacopo Pontormo's Mannerist Entombment depicts all of the following except __________.

faces that are calm and display no emotion

In St. Sernin, the ceiling structure is a stone barrel vault, which was necessary for __________.

fireproofing

When Heinrich Schliemann excavated Grave Circle A in Mycenae in the late nineteenth century, he discovered treasures, including a __________.

gold mask

Unlike Romanesque sculpture, Gothic sculptural figures __________.

have weight to the bodies, and the "hinged" treatment of the limbs is eliminated

The ancient Greeks considered themselves to be the center of the universe or "the measure of all things," a concept known as __________.

humanism

In his Adam and Eve engraving, the Northern Renaissance master Albrecht Dürer emphasizes the __________.

idealized beauty of the human body

Myron's Discobolos or Discus Thrower is representative of the most significant development in Early Classical art: the introduction of __________.

implied movement in sculpture

In both the Akkadian Victory Stele of Naram Sin and the Egyptian Narmer Palette, the kings are depicted __________.

in combined frontal and profile view and larger than surrounding figures

Empire period Roman sculpture, as represented in Augustus of Primaporta, was often an interesting juxtaposition of __________ heads with idealized bodies.

individualized

The forms and composition of Titian's Venus of Urbino were evolved primarily from __________.

interactions of colors and contrasts of textures

Large-scale tomb sculptures that were intended to house the spirit of the deceased if mummification failed were known as __________.

ka sculptures

The massive dome of Hagia Sophia appears to be light and graceful due to __________.

light filtering through arched windows at its base

As seen in Tintoretto's The Last Supper, his __________ anticipate(s) the Baroque style.

loose brushwork and dramatic white spotlighting

For his mysterious Las Meninas, or the __________, Diego Velázquez dissolved his forms into small, roughly textured brushstrokes that would be the hallmark of __________ two centuries later.

maids of honor; Impressionism

The realism, symbolism, and complicated imagery found in Northern Renaissance paintings originated in and was influenced by __________.

manuscript illumination

Piero della Francesca's Resurrection fresco was based on __________

mathematical and geometric order

It was during the Neolithic period that __________ monuments were erected, and the most famous example is __________.

megalithic; Stonehenge

The Doric frieze was divided vertically into compartments. The triglyphs contained vertical grooves, and the __________were filled with sculpted figures.

metopes

The most striking feature of the Great Mosque at Samarra, Iraq, is the spiral __________, from which a crier known as a __________ called followers to prayer at certain hours.

minaret; muezzin

In New Kingdom Egypt, Amenhotep IV started a revolution in both religion and the arts when he changed his name to Akhenaton to honor the sun god and became a __________. The period of his reign is known as the __________.

monotheist; Amarna period

As evidenced in The Birth of Venus, Sandro Botticelli loved, above all else, to paint __________.

mythological themes

During the Old Kingdom period of Egyptian art, a new manner of representing the human figure developed that would last thousands of years. It was characterized by all of the following except __________.

naturalistic depiction of the human figure

For the Paleolithic Hall of Bulls cave painting, artists used all of the following techniques except __________.

painting with a bronze knife blade

Linear A, a form of writing based on __________, was developed during the Middle Minoan period on the island of __________.

pictographs; Crete

Although much Roman art is stylistically derived from Greece, portrait sculptures like Head of a Roman are notable for their incredible __________, made possible by __________.

realism; wax death masks

The iconography of the stylized, doll-like figures on the Weighing of Souls tympanum from the Cathedral of Autun was intended to convey pictorially __________.

repentance through prayer

In the Victory Stele of Naram Sin, the king and his men are represented in a conceptual manner, probably meant to indicate __________.

respect and victory

The interior of St. Étienne has a sense of lightness because the development of the __________ made it possible to pierce the walls above the tribune gallery with a series of windows called a __________.

rib vault; clerestory

Mortuary temples that were carved out of the living rock—rock that remained part of the earth—are called__________.

rock-cut tombs

For The Conversion of St. Paul, Caravaggio selected the models in his painting from __________.

society's outcasts

In the late years of the Roman Empire, the realism and idealism that had characterized Roman figural sculpture was replaced by a __________.

spiritual, otherworldly style

During the Renaissance period, there was a revival of all of the following except __________.

spirituality and otherworldliness

The Great Pyramids at Giza were built with massive blocks and __________.

surfaced with fine limestone

Northern Renaissance artists tried to reconcile religion with scenes and objects from everyday life by using __________.

symbolism

In both of their paintings of Judith Decapitating Holofernes, Caravaggio and Artemisia Gentileschi utilized a harsh, theatrical "spotlight" effect known as __________.

tenebrism

The San Vitale apse mosaic Justinian and Attendants is characterized by all of the following except __________.

that Justinian is by far the largest figure

In the Gothic period, __________ assumed a new primary role of importance in art and architecture.

the Virgin Mary

Perhaps the most famous surviving tapestry is the 230-foot long Romanesque period Bayeux Tapestry, which describes __________ in a continuous narrative.

the invasion of England by William the Conqueror

The young artist Raphael painted numerous canvases of the Madonna and Child, but some of his most impressive compositions, like The School of Athens, were executed for __________.

the papal apartments in the Vatican

In an effort to produce an integrated look to the Parthenon, all of the following construction variations are found exceptthat the __________.

top step of the platform is perfectly straight

The German Renaissance artist Matthias Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece is unusual and powerful for its __________.

tormented and dramatic depiction of the Crucifixion

Academics generally agree that the Gothic style of architecture began in __________.

twelfth and thirteenth centuries

The cathedral of Florence features all of the characteristics below except __________.

twin bell towers

The exterior of the Romanesque St. Étienne served as a model for Gothic architecture because its __________ appeared repeatedly in Gothic churches.

two-tower tripartite façade

Baciccio's Triumph of the Sacred Name of Jesus in Il Gesu in Rome achieves a trompe l'oeil effect by combining painted figures with __________.

white stucco modeled sculptures and a gilded stucco ceiling

The __________ was a multilevel temple designed by the religion-oriented Sumerians but built by the later Babylonians and Assyrians.

ziggurat