Art Appreciation Chapters 15-20

qi

(in traditional Chinese medicine and philosophy) the vital life force that flows through the body and is supposedly regulated by acupuncture. Achieving this harmony will make you immortal.

What were the principal characteristics of classical Greek sculpture ?

-naturalistic -free standing statues

What basic belief about human origins is widely shared across Polynesia?

.

How old is the oldest carved human form?

35,000 Years old

Bodhisattva

A buddhist holy person who is about to achieve enlightenment but postpones it to remain on earth to teach others. Wearing rich garments and jewels

Madrasa

A building that combines a school, prayer hall, and lodging for students

Humanism

A cultural and intellectual movement during the renaissance, following the rediscovery of the art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome.

Stupa

A domelike structure probably derived from Indian funeral Mounds

Iwan

A high vaulted porch to mark an important building or entrance

Toatie mask

A mask of abstracted shapes commonly found on ancient chinese bronze vessels. A composite monster with claws wings and horns whose meaning is unfortunately loss to us.

Ziggurat

A rectangular or square stepped pyramid, often with a temple at its top. Stood at the center of each city-state.

Basilica

A roman town hall, with three aisles and an apse at one or both ends: christians appropriated this form for their churches.

Tesserae

A small block of stone, tile, glass, or other material used in the construction of a mosaic. Did the to the floors and walls.Christians used smaller tesseraes but with a greater proportion of glass and wider range of colors.

Portico

A structure consisting of a roof supported by columns at regular intervals typically attached as a porch to a building.

Romanesque

A style of European architecture prevalent from the ninth to the twelfth centuries with round arches and barrel vaults.

Rococo

A style used in interior decoration and painting in France and southern Germany in the eighteenth century, characterized by small- scale and ornate decoration, pastel colors, and asymmetrical arrangement of curves

Minaret

A tower outside a mosque where chanters stand to call the faithful to prayer.

Tera Cotta

A type of earthenware that contains enough iron oxide to impart a reddish tone when fired

Paleolithic Art

A very ancient period of art coincident with the old stone age, before the discovery of agriculture and animal herding. have been discovered at many locations around the world.

What are some community functions for art in africa?

Agricultural ceremonies

Kouros

An Archaic Greek Statue of a standing nude young male.

Contrapposto

An asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with while balancing those of the hips and legs - Bears most of the weight on one leg in the pose. They used this to give a lifelike look to the sculpture.

Petroglyph

An image or symbol carved in shallow relief on a rock or stone, usually ancient. Made by scratching or pecking the surface of exposed stone.

Why is the invention of pottery often normally associated with neolithic cultures?

Because foods and seeds required storage, it is not surprising that clay storage pots are among the most significant artifacts of the period.

Is Japanese art primarily nationalistic or does it admit foreign influences ?

Borrows from other foreign influences

Pantocrator

Christ as a ruler of the universe in the Byzantine Churches.

Entasis

Columns have an almost imperceptible bulge above the centre which cause them to appear straighter than if they were in fact straight sided, a tangible grace

What style characteristics were typical of Egyptian painting?

Compact, solidly structured figures that embody qualities of strength and geometric clarity also found in Egyptian architecture. -Greek - the formal pose with the left foot forward, the false ceremonial beard, and the figures that remain attached to the block of stone from which they craved -Depicted the human figure by full body or profile - influenced by everyday life, whats life after death

What are key features of a typical mosque?

Domes, tiles

Kore

For female youth

Byzantine Art

IS the name for the artistic products of the eastern roman empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire.

Iconoblast

In Byzantine art, one who opposes the creation of images of holy persons, believing that they promote idolatry.

Mana

In oceania, a spiritual power that may reside in persons, places, or things.

How do Northern Renaissance paintings differ from their Italian counterparts?

Italian - Classical meditteranean traditions that were human centered Northern- Evolved out of pre-christian , nature centered religions

Ukiyo-e

Japanese prints that depict scenes of a "floating world" including landscapes, popular entertainments, and theater scenes or actors.

Which religious currents that influenced Chinese art are of local origin, and which are imported?

Local- Confucianism, Daoism Imported- Buddhism

Why is the human figure rare in islamic art?

Many muslims believe that if an artist were to try to recreate the living forms of humans, they would be competing with allah, who created everything.

Literati Painting

Most commonly used to describe the work of painters not attached to the royal courts of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties in China.

Kachina

One of many deified ancestral spirits honored by the Hopi and other pueblo Indian peoples; usually depicted in doll like form

Flamboyant

Phase of the late gothic architecture in 15th century france and spain -curves of lath gothic style

Gothic

Primarily an architectural style that prevailed in western Europe from the twelfth through the fifteenth vaults, and flying buttresses.

What cultural forms did the civilizations of pre-conquest mexico share?

Pyramids, calanders, important gods, and myths

What is the main distinction between Romanesque and Gothic architecture?

Romanesque had a round arch & gothic had a pointed arch

Pilasters

Shallow rectangular columns that project from the wall. Decorates both floors of the buildings round body.

Metopes

Square Decorative panels above the columns. they are Relief carvings of christian symbols and implements.

Hellenistic

Te mediterranean art during this era, meaning greek like - The art of the period in classical antiquity generally taken to begin with death of alexander the great in 323 bc and end with the conquest of the greek world by the romans, a process well underway by 146 BCE, Greek art became more dynamic and less idealized.

Classical Art

The art of ancient Greece and Rome, Particularly the style of greek art that flourished during the fifth century BCE; emphasizes rational simplicity, order, and restrained emotion.

Coffers

The dome diminished in thickness toward the crown and it is patterned on the interior surface with recessed squares. It lightens and strengthens the structure

How does the style of rendering the human form in India differ from that of the classical West?

The human figure in India is fleshy the underlying bone structure is difficult to see whereas the Spear Bearer from the classical west seems to have flesh integrated with skeleton.

Renaissance

The period in Europe from the late four teeth through the sixteenth centuries, characterized by a renewed interest in human- centered classical art, literature, and learning.

Garba Griha

The sacred room of a hindu temple, where rituals are performed and the image of the god is kept

Baroque

The seventieth-century period in Europe characterized in the visual arts by dramatic light and share, turbulent composition, and pronounced emotional expression

Capital

Three types of capitals Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Doric- geometric and sturdy Ionic- taller and more decorative Corinthian - Complex and organic Forms the topmost of a column

Catacomb

Underground burial places in ancient Rome.

Hierarchic Scale

Use of unnatural proportions or scale to show the relative importance of figures: most commonly practiced in ancient Near eastern and Egyptian art.

Postmodern

a body of art movements that sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or some aspects that emerged or developed in its aftermath. In general, movements such as intermedia, installation art, conceptual art and multimedia, particularly involving video are described as postmodern.

Mihrab

a niche in the end wall of a mosque that points the way to mecca

Still life

a painting of inanimate objects, such as flowers, fruit , other food items, and domestic utensils

Neolithic Art

a period of ancient art after the introduction of agriculture but before the invention of bronze. Reflects the great shift in living patterns.

Pediment

a triangular space that forms the gable of a low-pitched roof and that is usually filled with relief sculpture in classical architecture; also : a similar form used as a decoration

Genre Painting

a type of art that takes as it subject everyday life, rather than civic leaders, religious figures, or mythological heroes

Totem

an object such as an animal or plant that serves as an emblem of a family or clan

Why are carpets extremely important to the history of islamic art ?

as a means of spreading design ideas.

Who were the three major client groups that commissioned baroque art?

church, nobles, and the wealthy

Picturesque

describe locations or gently poetic natural landscapes

Krater

in classical greek art, a wide mouthed vessel with handles, used for mixing wine and water for ceremonial drinking.

handscroll

long painting on paper meant to be viewed by slowly scrolling from the right hand to the left The handscroll is a long narrow scroll for displaying a series of scenes in Chinese, Japanese, or Korean painting and calligraphy.

What structural innovations did Roman building exploit ?

semicircular arch , concrete, and vault construction

Foreshortening

to reduce or distort (parts of a represented object that are not parallel to the picture plane) in order to convey the illusion of three-dimensional space as perceived by the human eye: often done according to the rules of perspective.

Realism

was an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, after the 1848 Revolution. Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the late 18th century. Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the Romantic movement.

Which Native American art forms are traditionally reserved for women?

weaving