Art Appreciation Fill in the Blank

asymmetrical

In a 2-D work with ________________ balance, the appearance of balance is achieved by distributing visual weight accordingly.

picture plane

In a two- dimensional art form, the actual flat surface on which the work is executed is called the _______________.

organic

In art, shapes that suggest forms found in nature are called __________ shapes.

wet

In buon fresco, or true fresco, pigment is mixed with water and applied to wet plaster.

cartoon

In fresco painting, a drawing called a ________ is transferred to the prepared surface prior to applying the pigment.

chiaroscuro

In painting and drawing, artists often use the technique of _________ to describe the way shadows and light define the mass of forms.

impression

In printmaking, where multiple images are made from the same original design, each individual print is called an _______________.

mezzotint

In the 17th century, an amateur artist from the Netherlands boasted to his king that he had created a method for printing shadings of gray without using lines. The printing technique was ____________ which is a part of the intaglio family of processes.

liquid

Ink is an example of a __________ medium in drawing.

Chinese

The ________ are credited with the invention of paper around 105 C.E.

lost-wax

The ________ process dates back to the 3rd millennium B.C.E.

modeling

The additive process of sculpture includes both __________ and assembling.

square

The ancient Roman architect Vitruvius associated the perfect male form with the perfect geometry of the circle and ___________.

Georges Seurat

The artist _______________ is often associated with conte crayon drawings.

subtractive process

The carving method is more aggressive than modeling, more direct than casting, and is a ___________ process.

Asian

The close association between writing and painting is evident in _________ cultures where the brush has long been the preferred drawing tool as well as writing instrument.

gestural

The use of pen and ink to make expressive thick and thin lines is referred to as calligraphic or ____________ lines.

rhythm

Through repetition, any of these visual elements can take on a __________ within a work of art.

encaustic

Two ancient painting media that are still in use today are __________ and fresco.

transparency

Watercolor's primary characteristic is its ____________.

Refraction

_______________ describes the process of sunlight being broken up into a spectrum or rainbow band.

silk writing

Serigraphy means, literally, "_________________"

earthworks

Serpent Mound and Spiral Jetty are known as ___________.

nonaqueous

A __________ paint is one that dissolves in something other than water.

value

A black-and-white photograph of a scene eliminates the hues and intensities of the scene's colors, but captures the _________ of the colors.

shade

A hue darker than the hue's normal value is called a ____________.

relief

A rubber stamp creates a _____________ type print.

hierarchal

A work of art which bases scale on the relative importance of the people depicted is using ______________ scale.

audience

According to the author, the most important meaning of an artwork is what is means to the __________.

paleolithic

All of these methods: animal fats and pigments mixed together, the use of reed brushes, and powdered pigments blown through hollow reeds used by _______ painters.

numbers

An artist who is directly engaged in creating an edition of prints from an original master usually makes a limited number of prints, __________ and signs them.

informal

Another term for asymmetrical balance is ________ balance.

visual

Artists can portray _______ textures that are created to look like something other than a flat painted surface.

installation

Artists looking for a new direction in thought processes related to artworks created a new art form, called _____________, in which space is presented as a work of art that can be entered, explored, and experienced.

stippling

Artists who use tiny dots in varying concentrations to indicate light and shadow are using the _________ drawing technique.

variety

Artists will often add _________ to provide interest and enliven the unity of the work.

indirect

Casting is known as ________ method.

motion

During the 20th century, ________ became a recognized element of art.

craft

During the Middle Ages the term "art" was used roughly in the same sense as "__________."

heat

Encaustic painting requires the application of a ________ source close to the surface to fuse the colors on a completed painting.

monotype

Except in the case of ____________, identical multiple impressions are printed to create editions in print making.

wire

Historically in silverpoint, lines were drawn with a silver ___________ onto a surface coated with bone dust.

subject matter

Iconography involves identifying, describing, and interpreting the __________ in a work of art.

bronze

If a work has been created by replacing wax model with a molten metal, then the material used for the completed work probably was _________.

Albrecht Durer

In 1515, _________ was appointed court painter to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I.

below

One of the main differences between intaglio and the relief printing processes is that with intaglio the ink lays ________ the surface of the printing plate.

artist, audience

Our modern ideas about art carry with them ideas about the ______ and the ______.

vanitas

Pablo Picasso's Girl Before a Mirror is based in symmetrical balance, but the two sides or not identical mirror images. This composition allows him to explore the traditional theme of __________.

horizon line

Parallel lines receding into the distance, in linear perspective, seem to converge at a vanishing point which is located on the ________________.

Rembrandt

Pen and ink was the favorite sketching medium of _____________, one of the greatest draftsmen of the 17th century.

conceptual

Rather than depend solely upon visual unity, an artist will sometimes create ________ unity by unifying the ideas in a work of art.

clay

Sculptors will often create a "sketch" out of _________ to test ideas before proceeding to their medium of choice.

tactile

Textures we experience through the sense of touch are called actual texture or _________ textures.

placement

The Banjo Lesson creates emphasis through size and _______ of the figures.

installation

The concept _______________, conceives of a space and everything in it as a work of art.

Buddha

The earliest surviving woodcut image, dated 868 C.E., has a representation of the __________ preaching.

digital inkjet

The idea that a print is made from a matrix has been altered by the use of an artist-quality __________________ to make prints.

pencil

The media of __________ is the most forgiving of mistakes and changes of decision.

subject matter

The objects or events a work depicts are known as ___________.

encaustic

The painting technique used in the first century in Egypt, Greece, and Rome that involved the use of wax is ___________.

lithography

The printing technique invented by a German playwright in search of an inexpensive means of publishing music is __________.

mezzotint

The printing technique of _________ is especially capable of producing subtle shades of gray.

pigment

The substance which provides the color in paint is known as __________.

impasto

The technique of thickly applying layers of paint is known as ___________.

palatte

The term __________ refers to the board on which artists mix colors or the artist's range of colors.

bas-relief

The term ___________ may be used to refer to the depth of the forms in a coin.

visual

The term style is used to categorize a work of art by its ______.

ground

The traditional metalpoint ________ recipe calls for a mixture of bone ash, glue, and white pigment.

multiples

The two main differences between prints and most other forms of art are: prints are made using an indirect process and this process results in ________ of the same image.

focal point

When an artist uses directional lines, color, sizes, or shapes to draw the viewer's eye to a certain area of work, that artist is using the emphasis of a _______________.

style

When the author uses the term _______, he identifies it as constant, reoccurring, and coherent.

carving

Wood and stone are the principal materials for __________.

Iconography

______ is the term that relates to a study of the symbols and story in a work of art.

Vanitas

______ paintings meditate on the fleeting nature of earthly life and happiness.

Oil

________ paint dries so slowly that the finished painting may not be completely dry for months.

Isometric

________ perspective is the viewpoint from above and parallel lines do not converge in the distance.

Proportion

________ refers to size relationships between parts of a whole.

Scale

________ relates to the size of objects in a work in relation to their actual size.

charcoal

________ remains after wood is burned.

Lines

_________ can best be described as "the path traced by a moving point."

Georgia O'Keeffe

__________ began an association with the photographer Alfred Stieglitz in 1917 that lasted until his death in 1946.

Graphite

__________ constitutes the marking material of a common pencil.

Gesso

__________ is a mixture of white pigment and glue that seals a support and can be sanded and rubbed to a smooth, ivory finish.

Acrylic

__________ painting medium, developed after chemists created strong, weatherproof, industrial prints, has challenged supremacy of oil painting.

Assemblage

____________ is a sculptural process of bringing together individual pieces, segments, or objects to form a sculpture.

Ground

____________ relates to the visual information surrounding a shape that we detach and focus on.

Minimalists

_____________ do not believe in trying to influence people rough images; they favored industrial and construction materials; and they attempted to offer a pure experience by letting the materials speak for themselves.