Art Appreciation
Scale
Size in relation to a constant or "normal" size.
Relieved/Approximate Symmetry
Slight differences between axial areas of a work of art
Chalk
Soft, finely textured stones composed of a variety of natural materials.
Graphite
A soft crystalline carbon. Combined with clay and encased in wood it makes a pencil.
Focal point
A specific spot to which one's attention is directed.
Actual texture
A tactile experience
Pointillism
A technique of applying dots of pure color that are then mixed by our eyes to produce the illusion of color mixtures.
Metalpoint
A thin silver wire set in a holder. When used on a specially prepared ground it leaves behind a trail of metal particles that tarnish to a pale gray.
Triadic
3 equidistant hues on the color wheel.
Black chalk
(a composite of carbon and clay)
Ground or Primer
(a preliminary coating)
Support
(a surface on which the artist works)
White chalk
(calcite or calcium carbonate)
Red chalk
(iron oxide and clay)
Medium or Vehicle
(liquid that holds the pigments together without dissolving them),
Pigment
(powdered color) mixed
Rapidograph
- a metal tipped instrument that channels a reservoir of ink into a fine, even unvarying line.
Mass
3-dimensional form that occupies a volume of space with identifiable boundaries
Metalpoint Tools
- left-right: 2mm HB graphite (in clutch lead holder), lead-tin stylus (solid metal, comes wrapped in tape), lead stylus (solid metal, comes wrapped in tape), 2mm silverpoint rod (in clutch lead holder)on Mi Teintes Touch pastel paper
W.O.A. have to be beautiful to be successful?
-NO, life isn't -emotions play a role -has different meaning
Looking Outward: The Here & Now
-depicting "everyday" life -domestic duty, empty spaces, lonely moments--ordinary -What's going on
Acrylic paints
-synthetic -vehicle is acrylic resin, polymerized through emulsion in water -As it dries the resin particles coalesce to form a tough, flexible, and waterproof film
What do artists do?
1- Create places for some human purpose, ie Stonehenge, Vietnam Veterans Memorial 2- Create extraordinary versions of ordinary objects, ie cups, textiles 3- Record and Commemorate 4- Give tangible form to the unknown 5- Give tangible form to feelings and ideas 6- Refresh our vision and help us see the world in new ways
Creative people tend to possess certain traits:
1. Sensitivity 2. Flexibility 3. Originality 4. Playfulness 5. Productivity 6. Fluency 7. Analytical Skill 8. Organizational Skill
Art
1. expression or application of human creative skill and imagination works=primarily for their beauty or emotional power 2.works produced by human creative skill & imagination 3.creative activity resulting in the production of paintings, drawings or sculpture
Shape
2-dimensional form that occupies an area with identifiable boundaries
- Subject Matter
: In representational and abstract art, the objects or events depicted.
Cartoon
A full-size drawing of entire project.
Subordination
A less visually interesting area.
The Golden Section:
A proportional ratio used by artists and the ancient Greeks in both architecture and other works of art.
Analogous
Adjacent hues on the color wheel
Impasto
An Italian word meaning paste. A thick and highly textured application of paint.
Implied texture
An illusionary experience.
Pattern
Any decorative, repetitive motif or design.
Actual Line
Are connected & continuous
Nonrepresentational
Art contains no reference to the natural world as we see it. This art is also referred to as nonobjective.
Sacred Realm
Art created for spiritual purpose, may only be understood by those of that culture
Abstract
Art distorts, exaggerates, or simplifies the natural world to provide essence or totality.
Representational
Art resembles forms found in the natural world.
Kinetic art
Art that actually moves
Atmospheric Perspective:
As objects recede into the distance they become paler, bluer, and less distinct
Color Wheel
Based on the refracted colors observed by Sir Isaac Newton when light was directed through a prism.
Charcoal
Charred wood. Varieties include vine and compressed charcoal.
Intensity
Chroma, Saturation) Relative purity of a color
Hatching
Closely spaced parallel lines.
Optical Color Mixture
Color that is mixed by the eyes
Additive Color
Colors of light mixed to produce still lighter colors.
Brush and Ink
Consists of very fine particles suspended in water. A binder like gum arabic holds the particles in suspension and helps adhere them to the drawing surface.
Pen and Ink
Consists of very fine particles suspended in water. A binder like gum arabic holds the particles in suspension and helps adhere them to the drawing surface.
Monochromatic
Variations of the same hue
Visual Rhythm
Depends on the repetition of accented elements, usually shapes.
Variety
Differences that provide interest and contrast.
Stippling
Dots spaced close or far apart to suggest darker or lighter areas
Implied Line
Dotted lines and directional cues such such as a finger pointing in a specific direction creating a line of sight
Gesso
For tempera it is a mixture of white pigment and glue applied to a support as the ground for the painting
Dry Media
Graphite, Metalpoint, Charcoal, Chalk, and Crayon, Pastel
Complementary
Hues directly opposite on the color wheel.
Looking Inward: Human Experience
Human Experience -what its like to be human -own internal world -envokes emotion
Alla Primav
Implies that the painting was completed all at once.
Illusionistic Space
Includes foreshortening, linear, isometric, and atmospheric perspective
Implied Space
Includes overlapping and position (foreground, middle-ground, background)
Tapestry
Involves interlacing 2 sets of thread at right angles to each other -One set is called the warp and the other the weft. In tapestry, the warp threads do not cross the weft, but are instead sown in place to create zones of color.
Fresco Secco
Italian for dry fresco or working on a dry plaster surface.
Chiaroscuro
Italian for light/dark; contrasts of light and shadow.
Mosaic
Made of closely spaced particles called tesserae imbedded in a binder like mortar or cement.
Crayon
Made of powdered pigments combined with a greasy or waxy binder
Buon Fresco
Means true fresco which is applying the pigment and water to a wet lime plaster surface.
Symmetrical Balance
Mirror image of shapes/forms on either side of an imaginary axial dividing line; elements correspond to one another in size, shape, and placement
Intermediate Colors (tertiary)
Mix a primary and adjacent secondary together
Hue
Name of the color
Secondary Colors
Orange, Green, Violet
Cross-hatching
Parallel lines intersect like a checkerboard
Liquid Media
Pen and Ink, Brush and Ink
Pastel
Pigment bound with a non-greasy binder
Watercolor:
Pigment in a vehicle of water and gum arabic. Its main characteristic is transparency.
Subtractive Color
Pigments of different hues mixed together result in darker and duller colors.
Visual Weight
Refers to an apparent "heaviness" or "lightness" of forms arranged in a composition
Disinterested Contemplation:
Refers to looking beyond the actual, practical, and personal in search of beauty and pleasure
Proportion
Refers to size relationships between parts of a whole or between two or more items perceived as a unit
Value
Relative lightness or darkness
Foreshortening
The affect of linear perspective when applied to objects and human forms within a work of art.
Context
The personal and social circumstance surrounding the making, viewing, and interpreting of a work of art; the varied connections of a work of art to the larger world of its time and place.
Unity
The sense of oneness, of things belonging together and making up a coherent whole.
Iconography
The story of a work of art including symbols or references, people, events, etc. which requires knowledge of a specific time, beliefs or culture; The identification, description, and interpretation of subject matter in art.
Emphasis
The viewer's attention will be centered more on certain parts of the composition than on others.
Form
The way a work looks.
Glaze
Thin layers of translucent color applied over opaque paint.
Three dimensional space
Three dimensional\
Asymmetrical Balance
Two sides that do not correspond to one another in size, shape, and placement.
Shading/Modeling
Using chiaroscuro or values to create mass.
Hierarchical Scale
Using size change to indicate relative importance.
Gouache
Watercolor with inert white pigment added. The added pigment creates opaque colors.
Content
What a work of art is about or its subject matter.
Historical and cultural context:
What impact did the time, place, and people—their institutions and beliefs—have upon the appearance of the art work?
Subject Matter:
What is the art work about? What does it mean? -Primary - Secondary - Symbolism - Iconography - Non-representational, non-objective, abstract
Medium and Technique
What is the work made out of? How was it made?
Purpose
Why and for whom was it made? What does it signify or express?
Primary Colors:
Yellow, Red, Blue
Shade
adding black to a color
Tint
adding white to a pigmented color
Binder
an ingredient that ensures that the paint will adhere to the surface),
Horizontal lines
appear calm.
Organic forms
are irregular and suggest forms found in nature.
Diagonal lines
are the most dramatic and imply action.
Texture and pattern
are the perceived surface qualities of a work of art
Aesthetic Experience
branch of philosophy w/ feelings aroused in us by sensory experience
Geometric forms
can be mathematically defined.
Encaustic
comes from the Greek word meaning burning in. -pigment mixed with wax and resin. -As the colors are heated, the wax melts and can be easily brushed onto a support where it hardens as it cools.
Drawing material
composed of a pigment (coloring) and a binder (substance that allows it to be shaped).
Oil paints
consist of pigment mixed typically with linseed oil (the binder) -As it slowly dries, a transparent film of suspended pigment is created.
Outline
defines a 2-dimensional shape
Actual light
existing light either natural or man-made.
Politics and Social Order
inform public, record a historic event, many society earthly order own by gods, pay tribute to king i.e. menakure, pharaohs, kings -protest/welfare=power historic scene
Space
interacts with other visual elements and helps give them definition
Collage
is a French word that means pasting or gluing. It refers to the technique of attaching actual objects to a support.
Line
is a path traced by a moving point
Rhythm
is based in repetition and is a basic part of our world.
Warm colors
located on red-orange side of the color wheel
Cool colors
located on the blue-green side of the color wheel.
Natural World
material for art encourages nature to participate
Stories & Histories
may not know cause of different time period/culture
Paper
originated as papyrus made from plant fibers
Light
purpose of light is to show us the material world
contour line
record boundaries and define more specifically what shapes represent
Vertical lines
seem assertive, or denote growth & strength.
Invention & Fantasy
sex& Jungle
Fresco
technique mixes pigments with water and is applied to a plaster support.
Creativity
the ability to produce something that is both innovative and useful within a given social context.
Illusionistic light
the impression of light created by the artist.
Ground
the negative shape or area sometimes considered the background of a work of art.
Figure
the positive shape on which visual focus is placed.
Tempera
uses an emulsion as a vehicle consisting of an aqueous liquid with an oil, fat, wax, or resin. Egg yolk is also used as a vehicle
Style
what aesthetic choices did the artist make in using the materials to convey his/her desired meaning and satisfy his/her purpose?
ground
which is a preliminary coating of paint applied to a surface of a painting or drawing