Art Hist 101: Test 4 (19th C. (Realism, Impressionism, Post Impressionism, Art Nouveau, 19th Century Architecture))
Name two parts of the Gates of Hell that are famous as independent sculptures in their own right.
"The Thinker" and "Three Shades"
Wha is the main idea behind Impressionism?
A reaction against the French Academy and the Salon with its restricted rules. The Impressionist painters wanted to capture "an impression" of the moment.
Main idea behind Realism?
A reaction against the intense emotionalism of Romanticism. Realist painters strove to depict with objectivity and accuracy subject matters that they had direct experience with. Idealization was rejected.
Rodin favored the additive or subtractive sculptural technique?
Additive
What was one of Pissarro's preferred perspectives?
Aerial
Where was Van Gogh when he painted the Starry Night?
Asylum of St. Remy
What was the preferred subject matter of Edgar Degas?
Ballerinas
What was the main idea behind Post-Impressionism?
Both a reaction to and an evolution of the ideas of the Impressionists. The Post-Impressionists move towards more expression, abstraction and freedom of subject matter.
Are Paul Gauguin's preferred colors dark and muddy or bright and pure?
Bright and pure
Who was the founder of Realism?
Gustave Courbet
The Crystal Palace was made of
Iron and glass
What specific printmaking technique did Daumier famously use?
Lithography
Who coined the term Impressionism?
Louis Leroy
Berthe Morisot was a good friend of which realist painter?
Manet
Who painted the painting Olympia?
Manet
Toulouse-Lautrec lived and worked in what region of Paris?
Montmarte
What is a popular subject matter with Mary Cassat?
Mother and child scenes
Are realist painters inspired by Greek mythology?
No
Did the Post-Impressionists believe in depicting color accurately in their paintings?
No
Was the first impressionism exhibition in Paris well received by the critics and the public?
No
Did Renoir prefer to paint somber, serious expressions?
No, he painted happy settings
Van Gogh is known for writing many letters to which of his family members?
His brother, Theo.
Who was the model for Rossetti's Beata Beatrix?
His wife, Elizabeth Siddal
Monet repeatedly painted scenes that showed what difference?
How light interacted with a single subject at different times of day
What did Suzanne Valadon do for artists like Renoir and Lautrec?
She modeled
Why do the sitters in Julia Margaret Cameron's photographs have serious, staring expressions?
The photographic process was very slow. Long exposures are why people do not generally smile in old photographs because if they move, the photo will blur.
Did Van Gogh prefer thin glazes or thick application of paint?
Thick application
Alphonse Mucha is known for his advertisements that portrayed
glamorous women.
Monet was particularly fond of capturing
reflections of trees and water lilies in his garden lake.
Characteristics of Pre-Raphaelite Paintings
• Romanticization of the pre-industrial, medieval past; highly decorative; attention to detail; precise line; realistic depiction of fine textiles and jewelry; rich colors; spiritual quality in the facial expressions; biblical, historical, literary and symbolic subject matter; decorative foliage, inspired by Medieval manuscript ornament
What was a major exhibition of art nouveau work?
1900 World's Fair, Paris
Who helped Rodin create the Gates of Hell and the Burghers of Calais?
Camille Claudel
A Burial at Ornans depicts a common or royal funeral?
Common funeral
The Paintings of Cezanne are known for their perfect rendering or complicated, mixed perspectives?
Complicated, mixed perspectives
Is Art Nouveau characterized by straight or curvilinear lines?
Curvilinear
Who was the artist that is famous for political cartoons in La Caricature magazine?
Daumier
31. Do the Post-Impressionists all paint very similarly to each other or do they have distinct styles?
Distinct styles
Rosa Bonheur is known for what subject matter?
Domesticated and wild animals
The 19th Century was an age of revivals. Often many different styles were used in the same building: what is this called?
Eclectic architecture/eclectic manner
Are Van Gogh's paintings full of energetic brushstrokes or tightly rendered?
Energetic brushstrokes
True or False: When finished, the Eiffel tower was beloved by most Parisians.
False
The Statue of Liberty was a gift to the United States from what nation? France
France
Where did Impressionism begin?
France
Where did Post-Impressionism originate?
France
Where did Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood originate?
France
Which artist had an intense encounter with Van Gogh that led him to slice his ear off?
Paul Gauguin
Name two influences on Impressionism.
Photography, science and Japanese woodblock prints
Seurat is known for what technique?
Pointillism
The Luncheon on the Grass and Olympia shocked viewers by frankly depicting what occupation?
Prostitution
The Pre-Raphaelites are fond of what type of subject matter?
Romantic poetry, Shakespeare, The Bible, Medieval and folk legends
What were common subject matters in Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood?
Romantic poetry, Shakespeare, The Bible, Medieval and folk legends
Paul Gauguin left to Paris to live on which remote South Pacific Island?
Tahiti
Whistler's Old Battersea Bridge was strongly influenced by what Asian artform?
The composition and sensibility of Japanese prints
What is the main idea behind Art Nouveau?
To break with the historical rigidity of the past and to freely create new shapes and forms.
What was the purpose of the Crystal Palace?
To house the first universal exhibition
True or False: Art Nouveau was popular in commercial applications like advertisements.
True
What was the main idea behind Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood?
Turn art back to a medieval aesthetic and spirituality
Where did Art Nouveau originate?
Western Europe, appearing under different names
Did William Morris form a collaboration with other Pre-Raphaelite artists?
Yes
Did the newly invented iron construction open up new architectural forms?
Yes
Did they paint only subjects with which they had direct experience?
Yes
Is Millet known for his agricultural scenes?
Yes
Was the Eiffel tower intended as a permanent building?
Yes
Characteristics of Post-Impressionism?
• Artists employ Pointillist techniques (uses extremely measured, careful application of dots of different colors of paint); Personal Expressionism: individual styles of artists now become more differentiated than ever before; large areas of bold color, influenced by Japanese woodcut prints; liberation of color: artists paint things whatever color they please
Describe some characteristics of the Impressionist movement.
• Colors are placed next to each other, often a blending into one color from a distance; loose lines versus the precise lines of the Neoclassical movement; black paint is avoided; capturing "the movement;" visible short thick brush strokes; emphasis on light and its changing qualities; movement; outdoor scenes
What are some characteristics and motifs in art nouveau?
• Curvilinear, free flowing forms; organic; flowers, stems and buds; flowing hair; women; advertising (Art Nouveau had strong commercial appeal); idiosyncratic lettering, often blends together with motifs; animals with colorful wings and plumage, such as exotic birds, peacocks and dragonflies; animals with curvilinear forms, such as snakes and lizards
Describe some of the characteristics in Realist paintings.
• Expressive brush strokes, but of a more fine quality than the Romanticists; depictions of agriculture and animals; dirty "real life" palate of dusty greys and browns; subject matter based on contemporary life, sometimes of a less dramatic nature--even banal (mythology and history was not depicted; the painter had to have direct experience with the subject); sympathy for the common man; like the Romanticists, artists would try to make a bold statement by shocking the audience / Salon
