Art History 1

Embalming Table with Head of Hippopotamus From tomb of King Tut New Kingdom ca. 1600-1100 BCE ****

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Date ca. 200-600 CE

Jewish Art

date everything ca. 2100-1700 BCE Just say 1800 BCE

Middle Kingdom

Aegean- on Crete -palace society- Knossos

Minoan culture

Aegean- on Mainland -Citadel society

Mycenean culture

date everything ca. 600-300 BCE Take control of Meso. after Assyrians

NeoBabylonian Culture

10,000-2,000 BCE Domestication of plants and animals, agriculture and herding Permanent settlements administration, religion, military systems, writing, specialization of crafts, intro to metal working

Neolithic Culture

Date everything ca. 1600-1100 BCE

New Kingdom Egypt Culture

Date everything ca. 100-200 CE Trajan- everything NTK has to do w him in this period Hadrian Antonines

Roman Imperial Art, High Empire

date everything ca. 200 CE- 315 CE - Signs of anxiety in the power of emperor and empire - Appreciate the standard late Roman architectural forms (like bath buildings and basilicas) and their unique function at this time

Roman Imperial Art, Late Empire

date everything ca. 30 BCE- 100 CE Augustus and Julio Claudians Flavians Arch is very effective counterpart to post and lintel system

Roman Imperial Art- Early Empire

Date everything ca. 509- 30 BCE Introduction of verism and concrete for arches

Roman Republican Art

Date everything ca. 1025- 1250 CE - Pilgrimages - Architecture better suited to fit pilgrims - Roman like

Romanesque Art

Date everything ca. 3000-1100 BCE

Aegean Art

- Aegean Culture- ca. 3000-1100 BCE - Greek Pompeii - covered in ash - Minoan Culture on Cycladic island ****

Akrotiri

Date everything 600-480 BCE

Archaic Greek Art

Date everything ca. 1000 BCE- 1300 CE complex civilizations; connection to astronomy

Art of Mesoamerica before 1300 CE

date everything ca. 1400-600 BCE -very mean -citadels(fortified cities) -palaces

Assyrian Culture

Date everything ca. 500-1100 CE - Refers to anything showing eastern influence

Byzantine Art

Date everything ca. 800-900 CE - Charlemagne is founder of Holy Roman Empire - Relationship w Ancient Rome - Looking back to them

Carolingian Art

Date everything ca. 1700 BCE- 200 BCE - technological skills; philosophy and religion, bronze working and jade, geometric patterns

Chinese Arts

Date everything ca. 480-323 BCE - Early - High - Late - Classical forms the foundation of art later - Delian League makes Athens rich - "Pinnacle of Greek Art" - Architectural and Sculptural Innovations - Optical Refinement - Contrapposto and S-Curve - Arrogance of the Greeks - Dramatic

Classical Period of Greek Art

Aegean- on Cycladic Islands

Cycladic Culture

Date everything ca. 1140-1250 CE - Anti-classical - Groin vaulting - Stained glass - REALLY want to emphasize verticality - Abbott Suger - Architecture is like romanesque but more verticality and light

Gothic Art

Central plan has no nave, has two vaulted bays intersecting over the center room, usually this intersection is the location of the altar, roofed with a dome. Has an apse on the end and an atrium, and narthex. - Basilica plan has nave with side aisles and an apse at one end and an atrium and narthex.

Difference between a central plan church and a basilica-plan church

Data ca. 200-500 CE - Syncretism: non-religious iconography taken from earlier culture and turned religious, everyone is a little flexible with meaning and iconography- we borrow, we adapt, we take familiar things and give them new meaning - someones own iconographic interpertation

Early Christian Art

Early classical art shows a break from the preceding Archaic period. Statues become more lifelike and less stylized. Sculptors begin to realize how the body moves, and they can depict that in art. - Emotionless face, stiff form

Early Classical Art

Date everything ca. 500-800 CE - Hiberno Saxon: Integration of Early Christian Art in the British Isles - Manuscripts help spread Christianity and stylistic elements - Small portable objects reflect uncertainty - Transition from pagan to Christianity in northern European tribal groups - reflection of that uncertatinty- a lot of very rich and small scale luxury items in a time of uncertainty, safer to have wealth you can carry on your body - jewelry, personal items - production of gospel books, necessary part of setting up any church and an excellent tool in the conversion of these diverse tribes - lavish and exceptionally illustrated - form foundation of art from period

Early Medieval Art

Date everything 2500 BCE- 500 CE - Indus Valley Art - Buddhist Art - Harrapan culture flourished same time as Sumerians - Defined by it's location - Stopping pt for traders - headquarter for cultural change and also invasions - Indian art is diverse and complex but details are logical and clear - Details can be understood but total picture is complex - Love of life and depiction of flora and fauna and youthful humans - Deeply meditative and complentative - Indian art is motivated by religion - Birthplace of hinduism and Buddhism - Art is a model for virtuous behavior, a focus for meditation and a pt of accessing supernatural powers - With proper prayer, gods can be encouraged to inhabit a statue for a short time

Early art of South and Southeast Asia

Date everything 1000-300 BCE - Bridge between the Greeks and Romans - Elements adopted in Roman art - Clay works, terracotta, ceramic, haven't found marble yet - Borrow from Greek temple plan but make it their own w porches and one access-way - More liveliness, anatomy not correct - integrated politics and history in their art - Have major influence on Romans

Etruscan Art

Date everything 900-600 BCE

Geometric and Orientalizing Art (Ancient Greek)

Date everything 323-30 BCE - DRAMA - Depth - Alexanders conquests brought together many different diverse cultures, world blending w Greek culture - Diversity, blending - Pyramid shapes in sculptures - Larger than life - think extreme, emotional, theatrical

Hellenistic Greek art

- Wet Drapery - Relaxation of bodies, more natural - Parthenon - Historical: Arrogance of Athens - Resources: funds from Delian League

High Classical Art

date everything ca. 1400-600 BCE Very powerful withr each - Capital at Hattusha, very large w stone walls

Hittite Culture

Ashokan Column (and detail of capital) - Early art of South and Southeast Asia ca. 2500 BCE- 500 CE - Buddhist - Ashoka begins buddhist art - These monuments mark sacred places and help people find enlightenment - Animal capitals, text written on it talks about Ashoka's beliefs and apologizes for previous acts - Highly symbolic - Four animals on the abacus represent different moments in Buddha's life - Lion represents achievement of Buddha-hood - Similarities w Assyrian lions - Similar to Persian capitals from Persepolis, may have been carved by Persians

Imagine this is on a massive column in a grassy area

Date ca. 600-1300 CE - Calligraphy - Aniconic- dont allow images in their art - Arabesque

Islamic Art

Athens no longer prominent - rich in famous sculptors pushing the envelope of the high classical ideal - development in human figure towards more natural looking figures rather than ideal - sculptors do commissions overseas - Sculptors invite spectators to be engaged

Late Classical

Church of Santa Sabina, Rome - Early Christian Art, ca. 200-500 CE - Corinthian columns separating central nave from side aisles - clerestory windows bathe nave with light while side aisles are darker and more intimate - Flat timber ceilings like the Basilica, which was 100 years earlier, difference is side aisles and arcade that lead your eyes down the space to most sacred space

Other card has exterior. Talk about interior

Church of Santa Sabina, Rome - Early Christian Art, ca. 200-500 CE - Best preserved early basilica church in Rome - Much smaller than St. Peters - Very similar to the Basilica, which was 100 years earlier, brick and clerestory windows, but the difference is the side aisles of Santa Sabina

Other card has interior view. Talk about plan

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul plan - Byzantine Art, ca. 500-1100 CE - Very good order by mathematicians - Hagia Sophia= Mystical wisdom - Combines several church plans in one - Central plan church that has been elongated - The altar is still in the center, so there is no nave, but the elongated ends have half domes as ceilings - The center naos is roofed with a full dome placed on top of a cylinder - On either side of the elongated center are side aisles with lower roofs - Think about it as a central church plan that has been cut in half, pulled apart, and a dome has been added to the top of the center so the two half domes end up at either end - Dome bubbles - Clerestory windows - Pendentive Construction- larger dome rests on bottom half of other dome

Other card shows interior. Talk about plan

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, interior - Byzantine Art, ca. 500-1100 CE - Side aisles with arcades separating them to center space - Second story on side aisles with smaller arcade, called gallery - Not dark, clerestory windows - Make look like dome is floating - creates sense of wonder - monolithic columns with vegetal capitals, deeply undercut - elegant and light - huge marble veneer panels - Gold back mosaics, sparkle from rays of light

Other card shows plan. Talk about interior

Santa Costanza, Rome - Early Christian Art, ca. 200-500 CE - Corinthian columns separating center from ambulatory - vaulted ceiling of ambulatory decorated with mosaics, pleasing organic patterns - double columns, marble arcade, clerestory windows - Not congregation church for simple reason of practicality

Other flash card has plan.

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem Islamic Art, ca. 600-1300 CE - Above rock sacred to all three abrahamic religions - Center feautures a double shelled wooden dome 60 ft across and 75 ft tall - Dominates the elevation so the main building is almost just a base - The ambulatory is used for visitors to read verses of quaran written along the wall but also as part of the decoration - Gold dome and blue walls

Other slide has interior. Talk about plan and exterior

date everything ca. 900-1025 CE - reintroduction of large scale sculpture - Revival of Carolingian but with imperialist overtones

Ottonian Art

30,000-10,000 BCE Old Stone Age; Cro-Magnon; fashioning objects beyond function People lived in caves then went to be hunter-gatherers, nomadic.

Paleolithic Era

date everything ca. 2800-2400 BCE

Predynastic and Old Kingdom Culture

date everything ca. 600-300 BCE Much nicer than Assyrians Wanted people to like them Huge empire

Persian Culture

- Early Medieval Art, ca. 500-800 CE - Hiberno saxon metal work - looks like a proud figure head from ship - was probably attached to something else - looks like islamic arabesques - piece of helmet - ceremonial and not something worn into battle - ex of hiberno saxon animal work

Stylized Sea Horse, Staffordshire Hoard

Date everything 3500 BCE- 1700 BCE

Sumerian, Akkadian, Old Babylonian

St. Mark's, Venice - Byzantine Art, ca. 500-1100 CE - Lower wall covered with marble slabs and upper walls are gold backed mosaics - Lighter than Hagia Sophia

Talk about interior Other slide has plan

St. Mark's, Venice - Byzantine Art, ca. 500-1100 CE - Looked at Constantinople for inspiration - Greek cross plan church - Both aisles equal length - each of the four arms of the cross have its own dome and separated by narrow barrel vaults so space feels very segmented - Slightly larger central dome

Talk about plan- other slide has interior

Temple of Fortuna Primigeneia, Praenaste - Roman Republican ca. 509 - 30 BCE - Sanctuary is an entire religious complex, temple is building within - Built on slant of a hill - Brings order as there is axial and symmetrical elements - Surprises the visitor on what is on the next level - Covered ramps - small temple on top - all about journey up' = Concrete makes small rounded porch area possible

Terrible pic but recognize those stairways and ramps!

Purse Cover and Shoulder Clasp, from the Sutton Hoo Burial Ship - Early Medieval Art, ca. 500-800 CE - Hiberno-Saxon-Recognized w intricate lacy intertwining patterns, often involving stylized animals or organic plant motifs, unique art that shows blending of tribal traditions with newly arrived Christianity - This was a treasure-laden ship discovered in a burial mound - Early medieval tradition of burying great lords with rich furnishings - Gold - Animal figures cleverly composed to create elegant and aligning patterns - Can break it down into smallest elements or treat it as a larger composition- all qualities of Hiberno-saxon art - Shoulder clasp shows Cloisoné

Two things on left

Santa Costanza, Rome, plan - Early Christian Art, ca. 200-500 CE - Early central plan church - SIde aisles form a walkway called an ambulatory that allows the visitor to walk completely around the altar in the center of the space -Ceiling of center raised for clerestory windows - Mausoleum for Constantine's daughter, converted in church

other flash card has interior.

Diagram of Greek Temple with Platform, Naos, Peristyle - Orientalizing Greek ca. 900-600 BCE - Platform= flat base which columns and walls of naos rest - Naos= main room of temple - Peristyle= columns surrounding exterior

platform? Naos? Peristyle?