Art MTLE Practice Test 1
The burnishing technique is most useful for creating which of the following textural effects in a finished ceramic? a. polished b. grooved c. crystallized d. scratched
A - Burnishing is the technique of polishing clay to a shiny texture without the use of glaze. Burnishing takes place before the clay is fired which it is still "green". For example, when using a burnishing stone to polish a bowl, the bowl is first lightly moistened and then rubbed over its surface with the stone. Then a light coat of vegetable oil is usually applied and the bowl is rubbed again with the stone and wiped dry before firing.
The gesture drawing technique is used for primarily which of the following reasons? a. capturing the physical essence of a subject b. establishing smooth implied texture c. suggesting the artist's psychological state d. creating areas of high value contrast
A - Gesture drawing is a technique in which the artist quickly sketches a subject to capture its essential physicality. Gesture drawing is primarily used to capture an instant impression of a moving object.
In watercolor painting, masking fluid is used to: a. seal off areas that are intended to be the color of the painting surface b. dilute the paint to make thin, transparent washes c. cover up mistakes so they can be painted over d. add a deeper value to large areas of the painting surface
A - Masking fluid is a latex-based fluid that is used to seal the surface of paper used in watercolor painting. It can be applied over the bare paper or over a wash. It prevents layers of watercolor applied later from sticking to the paper and thus preserves the underlying color of the paper or color wash in the final painting. After the watercolor is finished, the hardened, rubbery masking fluid is gently pulled away, leaving the original paper or wash beneath exposed.
Primarily which of the following materials should be used to clean petroleum - based inks off os tools and inking slabs? a. vegetable oil b. water c. mineral spirits d. bleach
A - Petroleum-based inks are toxic and should be cleaned, in most cases, with vegetable oil rather than oil based solvents to reduce the risk of injury.
Which of the following steps in the process of creating a work of visual art is most exemplified by an artist making several sketches of the same subject in a sketchbook? a. exploring solutions to an aesthetic problem in the work b. determining the meaning of the work c. estimating how log it will take to finish the work d. envisioning the audience for which the work is intended
A - Sketching has several purposes, including improving observational, analytical, and problem solving skills; and exploring solutions to aesthetic problems. Making several sketches of the same subject in a sketchbook allows the artist to experiment with possible solutions to aesthetic problems, such as the placement of shapes and figures, balance, and vantage point.
Throughout most of the 20th century, debate regarding the best approach to art education in the US has primarily focused on the extent to which: a. art should be created in the classroom to promote student self expression. b. the curriculum should be geared to preparing student for careers in the arts. c. art forms other than drawing and painting should be part of art education. d. the study of non-Western art should be included in the curriculum
A. Art should be created in the classroom to promote student self expression.
Which of the following architectural characteristics is most identified with Islamic mosques? a. bulbous domes b. long naves c. relief sculptures d. bell towers
A. Bulbous domes and minarets were not uncommon.
The prevalence of popular culture in the 20th century primarily provided which of the following artists with a major source of ideas and techniques? a. Clase Oldenburg b. Georgia O'Keeffe c. Jackson Pollock d. Alexander Calder
A. Claes Oldenburg
Indian Stupas have primarily which of the following features? a. hemispheric dome b. tall minarets c. prayer niche d. horseshoe arches
A. Hemispheric Dome. In the Buddhist religion, stupas are places of worship. Their designs varied as Buddhism spread beyond India, but in India the structures had several characteristics, including a hemispheric dome that symbolizes the dome of heaven in the Buddhist tradition.
The skill of thinking critically about aesthetic environments is most required in which of the following visual arts-related careers? a. landscape architect b. art therapist c. museum conservator d. jewelry designer
A. Landscape architect. They design outdoor spaces to be aesthetically pleasing. They think critically about aesthetic environments by visualizing design possibilities, generating and discarding ideas, and planning for execution of the design.
While the design of pagodas varies depending on when and whey they were built, pagodas have traditionally been used in Asia cultures as which of the following? a. memorials b. schools c. observatories d. houses
A. Memorials. Pagodas are tiered towers with multiple eaves that are ubiquitous in the architectural landscape of South and East Asia. Usually associated with Buddhism and often built as part of a Buddhist temple complex, pagodas are an evolution from the ancient Indian stupa, a tomb-like structure where sacred relics of a holy man or king could be kept safe and venerated. In keeping with their evolution from the Indian stupa, the pagoda is typically built as a monument or memorial and has very little usable interior space.
Which of the following statements explains a significant impact that the end of World War II had on Visual arts in the United States? a. New York replaced Paris as the center of the art world b. Artists turned from modernist styles to academic styles c. Sculpture replaced painting as the predominant medium d. Nostalgia for a peaceful past became a major theme.
A. New York replaced Paris as the center of the art world.New York artists would develop their own broadly defined movement, abstract expressionism, which was instantly recognized. Paris, and most of Europe, were still slowly recovering from the devastation of the war.
To create a carved model for a small cast metal sculpture in which an artist wishes to show the fine details and textures in a relief of a cat's face, the artists cold most effectively use which of the following media? a. oil based clay b. plaster c. terra cotta d. wood
A. Oil-based Clay
Landscape paintings of China's Song dynasty primarily served which of the following purposes? a. portraying the vastness of the natural world b. representing the conquered lands c. aiding the military by detailing unfamiliar terrain d. suggesting that land ownership is a birthright
A. Portraying the vastness of the natural world. In many Song landscapes, mountains rise steeply in the background and dominate the composition. Humans, if they are depicted at all, are so small as to be difficult to discern. The natural world is clearly the subject of these paintings. It is portrayed as vast and eternal.
The artwork of Diego Rivera primarily influenced which of the following artists? a. Thomas Hart Benton b. Dorthoea Lange c. Edward Hopper d. Margaret Bourke-White
A. Thomas Hart Benton. Mexican muralist Diego Rivera's sweeping historical paintings had a significant influence on Thomas, who would become one of the principals of the regionalist movement in the US.
The Navajo people migrating to the Southwest in lands the Pueblo had lived in for centuries resulted in the Navajo becoming expert at creating primarily which of the following types of Native American Art? a. weaving b. sand painting c. pottery d. wood carving
A. Weaving.
In 1981, Sherrie Levine photographed Depression-era photographs by Walker Evans and titled the series After Walker Evans. Her direct copies of Evan's celebrated black and white portrait photographs best illustrate which of the following questions? a. What distinguishes an original artwork from its subsequent reproductions? b. How does technological development affect the techniques photographers use? c. Which aesthetic values does photography have that other forms of art do not? d. Can artworks be improved on by other artists if the artworks are iconic?
A. What distinguishes an original artwork from its subsequent reproductions?
Which of the following colors in an artwork is most likely to appear to visually advance toward the viewer? a. yellow b. green c. brown d. violet
A. Yellow - warm colors - red, orange, yellow, and combinations of the three - tend to visually advance toward the viewer, while cool colors - green, blue, violet - tend to visually recede from the viewer because wavelengths at the warm end of the light spectrum are stronger than wavelengths at the cool end.
Zone focusing is a photographic technique most likely to be used for taking a photograph of which of the following objects? a. a competitive skier crossing the finish line b. a small object shot close up c. a slow moving locomotive pulling many cars d. a mountain partly shadowed by floating clouds
A. a competitive skier crossing the finish fline
Which of the following materials has most commonly been used by Australian Aboriginal artists to paint on? a. bark b. cloth c. glass d. clay
A. bark
When scanning an artwork to create a digitized image for a desktop publishing project, determining the correct resolution for the scan is important to ensure: a. clarity in the depiction of details b. accurate tonal differentiation c. exact registration of separations d. correctly proportioned dimensions
A. clarity in the depiction of details
Contemporary social practice art is most typically distinguished by which of the following characteristics? a. collaborating on creating community- driven art b. using social media to raise money to fund artists c. applying art history to critique social norms d. providing social activists with art to promote their agenda
A. collaborating on creating community-driven art
Painting with pastels differs from painting with oils in that when painting with pastels: a. colors are blended directly on the support b. texture is created by applying multiple layers of color c. gloves should be worn to protect the hands d. scumbling is used to alter colors and add depth
A. colors are blended directly on the support
3- dimensional architectural modes exemplify primarily which of the following steps involved in creating art? a. defining the problem b. developing multiple ideas c. determining when a work is finished d. refining lines
A. defining the problem
The use of art in political cartoons primarily demonstrates the importance of art in promoting which of the following social values? a. freedom of speech b. personal responsibility c. innovative thinking d. cultural diversity
A. freedom of speech
When making felt, a reed mat is primarily used for which of the following purposes? a. providing the surface for laying out fibers b. creating fiber pieces of uniform thickness c. running fiber layer perpendicularly to one another d. laying small shapes of felt to create a design
A. providing the surface for laying out fibers
In the multimedia image, slides from the 1930s are superimposed on a photograph of a Berlin streetscape from 1992. This exemplifies primarily which of the following approaches to contemporary art? a. re-contextualization b. appropriation c. globalization d. convergence
A. re-contextualization
Which of the following elements of architectural design is most characteristic of Byzantine churches? a. semidome b. ogee arch c. flying buttress d. gable roof
A. semidome
The Statue of Liberty is an artistic representation of values and ideas that are primarily associated with which of the following political movements and events? a. the Enlightenment b. the Glorious Revolution c. the Renasissance d. the Great Awakening
A. the Enlightenment
The Mono-ha (in Japanese, "School of Things") movement of Tokyo based experimental artists from the late 1960s to the early 1970s was primarily a cultural response to which of the following historical developments? a. the strenuous industrialization of Japanese economy b. the democratization of Japan's political system c. the growing disparity between rich and poor in Japan d. the privatization of public services in Japan
A. the strenuous industrialization of Japanese economy
In general, critical perspectives of art during the second half of the 20th century focused on primarily which of the following factors? a. the viewer's response to artworks b. the formal properties of artworks c. the emotions evoked by artworks d. the historical accuracy of artworks
A. the viewer's response to artworks
Define Appropriation.
Appropriation is a contemporary approach to visual organization in which an artist uses another artist's work with little or no alterations. Artists such as Sherrie Levine, Richard Prince, and Deboarh Kass often use appropriation. Richard Pettibone closely copied a famous series of silk screens of Marilyn Monroe's head - only the colors and support differ from the original, thereby drawing attention to the concept of originality.
Define Art nouveau.
Art nouveau was an international movement that developed in England in the 1880s and was created in Europe and the United States. It is characterized by the use of long, flowing lines and floral shapes.
Deine Rhythm.
As in music, rhythm is established in the visual arts primarily when elements of a given composition repeat. In a still life painting, the fruit, the mouth of the goblet, the base of the decanter, and even the shape of the tabletop are all circular. Such repetition provides a circular rhythm of shape to the composition.
Which of the following tools should be used to sharpen a gouge used for wood carving? a. power grinder b. combination stone c. sharp metal file d. coarse grit sand paper
B - A combination stone is often sued for sharpening wood carving tools such as gouges because it has a rough grit on one side and a smooth grit on the opposite side. Sharpening starts by dragging the tool edge across the rough ride while gradually rolling the tip. When the edge is straight and shard, the same process is done with the smooth grit side of the stone.
Which of the following matrices would an individual use to transfer ink to paper in the engraving method of printmaking? a. stone b. metal c. wood d. limoneum
B - In printmaking, the term matrix refers to an inked surface on which paper is impressed. The matrix contains the design that is transferred to the print. Engraving is a type of printmaking in which the design is incised, or engraved, into a metal plate.
The levels feature of image-editing programs is used for primarily which of the following purposes? a. adjusting the sharpness of separate elements of an image b. adjusting the tonal values of an image c. adjusting the pixel count while maintaining the size of an image d. adjusting the implied texture of an image
B - Levels is a tools in an image - editing programs that allows the used to adjust tonal range by adjusting the images histogram.
Primarily which of the following safety measures should be taken when working in ceramics? a. wearing sunglasses when looking into a hot kiln b. maintaining a straight back posture while throwing c. sweeping clay dust off the work area floor d. ensuring the wedging able is chest high when wedging
B - Maintaining a straight back posture while throwing - lessens strain on the body.
The decision by medieval architects and masons to use pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses in constructing cathedrals resulted in primarily which of the following effects of sensations? a. somber mood due to minimal penetrating light b. mystery and awe due to soaring interior spaces c. stability due to thick walls and support columns d. suggestion fo prayer due to dome-topped towers
B - The pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses of Gothic cathedrals allowed for the weight of the structures to be supported by spreading the thrust of the weight over more supporting stone and outward. The allowed the walls to be thinner and the use of more and larger windows than had been used in Romanesque churches and allowed the interior spaces, particularly the long central space of the nave, to reach the heights that created a sense of awe and mystery.
Which of the following control features of image - editing programs allows for the most precise control of value in a digital image? a. hue/saturation b. curves c. color balance d. levels
B - Value refers to the lightness or darkness of color. The curves feature of image-editing programs provides the most precise control of value because it can target specific ranges of tones in specific areas of an image.
The surrealist movements emphasis on spontaneous creation and the subconscious most significantly influenced which of the following visual arts movements that developed in the United States? a. minimalism b. abstract expressionism c. regionalism d. Hudson River school
B. Abstract Expressionism. This was a New York centered movement of many influences, including cubism, German expressionism, and surrealism.
In the 11th or 12th century Mayan codex, aka Dresden Codex, would today be considered primarily which of the following types of text? a. dictionary b. almanac c. war journal d. deed
B. Almanac. The Dresden Codex was 1 of 4 codices to survive. It depicts numbers, dates, images of gods, rituals, and astronomical information that indicated days that would be good for agricultural tasks. They used these much like an almanac, which is a yearly calendar of astronomical and meteorological information meant to be used for planning.
Thin, elongated, humanlike figures are typical of the artistic traditions of primarily which of the following indigenous cultures? a. Mesoamerican b. Australian c. North African d. Indian
B. Australian. Aboriginal rock art in Australia dates from as far back as 40,000 BCE. Bark is the support most used today, but the characteristics remain essentially the same: an X-ray style where figures are depicted using a thin, elongated skeletal structure.
Jenny Holzer's work during the 1980s is best characterized in which of the following ways? a. taking photographic self portraits reminiscent of film stills b. using electronic signs to display sayings she creates c. making paper cutouts of silhouettes of people to tell a story d. overlaying photographs with brightly colored captions
B. Using electronic signs to display sayings she creates. She called them "Truisms" - one line written statements that she projected to audiences, often in public spaces, with LEDs
Early work by Diego Rivera indicates the influence of which of the following art movements? a. Dadaism b. cubism c. Surrealism d. futurism
B. cubism
Active ventilation with a hood or window exhaust fan would be most important for safety when using which of the following types of printmaking? a. woodblock b. etching c. collagraphy d. linocut
B. etching
Which of the following depictions of depth on a 2-dimensional picture plane refers to a projection of form in relation to an object viewed at an unusual angle? a. stacking shapes b. foreshortening c. overlapping shapes d. linear perspective
B. foreshortening
A high school student enjoys visual art, easily recalls facts and details about art in context, and has an eye for preparing and designing art displays, yet demonstrates less skill and interest in art production techniques. Which of the following art career options would best match the student's strengths and interests? a. photo journalist b. museum curator c. children's book illustrator d. graphic designer
B. museum curator
The use of art in commercial advertisement primarily serves which of the following functions? a. legitimization b. persuasion c. entertainment d. education
B. persuasion
Stupas serve which of the following functions? a. astronomical observatory b. religious worship c. food storage d. marketplace
B. religious worship
Ziggurats built in ancient Mesopotamia served primarily which of the following functions? a. burial monument b. religious worship c. military defense d. royal residence
B. religious worship
Which of the following forms of preserving performance art would most fully capture the artist's intentions? a. documenting the actions, images, and sounds that form the work b. retaining a memory of the experience from the performance c. detailing the events, visual components, and audio elements in a script d. recording the performance with digital video media
B. retaining a memory of the experience of the performance
In order to make the objects in a photograph appear to be more crowded than they actually are, a photographer would most likely use a: a. fish - eye lens b. fast shutter speed c. long focal length d. small aperture
C - Focal length determines how much a scene the lens takes in. A lens with a long focal length magnifies the scene, decreasing the depth of field and compressing space so that objects appear to be more crowded that they actually are.
Which is the following parts of a loom is used to separate the ward threads? a. shuttle b. cloth beam c. heddle d. reed
C - In weaving, looms hold one set of threads in tension, the warp threads, so that another set of threads, the weft threads, can be perpendicularly interwoven over and under the warp threads. Each warp thread is separated by a cord or wire called a heddle.
Which of the following painting tools would an individual most likely use for building up thick layers of paint directly on the support? a. painter's rag b. fan blender c. painting knife d. mahl stick
C - Painting knives are painting tools that have angular, flexible blades that are used to apply paint directly to the support. Their blades are ideal for building up thick layers of paint in broad strokes.
Which of the following concepts or theories is most concerned with the use of signs and symbols to create meaning in art? a. phenomenology b. structuralism c. semiotics d. pragmatism
C - Semiotics is a theory of art concerned with the role that signs and symbols play in the meaning and interpretation of artworks.
In the late 19th century, artists such as Vincent Van Gogh and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec were influenced by primarily which of the following types of art? a. Polynesian sculptures b. Chinese scroll paintings c. Japanese ukiyo-e prints d. Indian Mughal paintings
C. Japanese ukiyo-e prints. These prints caught their eye because there were attracted to their bold, flat areas of color. The style had so much influence on western artists, that the term Japonisme was coined to refer to the imitation of Japanese art.
In the 1920s and 1930s, many Central American artists who returned from Europe were influenced primarily by which of the following styles? a. historical b. academic c. modern d. romantic
C. Modern. These artists returned to Central America and created works that were influenced by modern art, particularly movements within modernism (cubism and surrealism)
Which if the following materials was most characteristically used in the creation of Incan artworks prior to the 16th century? a. animal hides b. cave walls c. precious metals d. stone tablets
C. Precious Metals. Incan empire flourished in Peru between 1400 - 1533 CE - it was the largest empire in the world at that time. Incan art made use of ceramics, textiles, and precious metals and gems. Precious metals were made primarily for nobility.
South American srtists such as Roberto Matta, Tarsila do Amaral, and Jacobo Borges were primarily influenced by which of the following art movements? a. impressionism b. Art Deco c. Surrealism d. abstract expressionism
C. Surrealism
Research suggests that students benefit from practicing and studying visual arts in primarily which of the following ways? a. the ability to create realistic drawings and paintings b. increased public speaking skills c. the ability to envision multiple responses to problems d. increased hand-eye coordination
C. The ability to envision multiple responses to problems. Research indicates that by practicing or creating visual arts, students must define, address, and seek solutions to aesthetic and compositional problems.
Paleolithic cave drawings most likely demonstrate primarily which of the following ideas of themes about human existence that persists to this day? a. the need to challenge authority b. the futility of seeking earthly pleasures c. the desire to understand the world d. the single-minded pursuit of success
C. The desire to understand the world. These drawing primarily depict animals in a naturalistic fashion. Most theories believe, in a broad sense suggest that the prehistoric artists were intellectually curious and wanted to understand their world.
Adjusting the tracking in a digital layout and design program will affect primarily which of the following aspects of a computer graphic? a. the calibration of color b. the resolution of photographs c. the readability of text blocks d. the arrangement of picture boxes
C. The tracking feature of digital layout and design programs adjusts the space between letters and words, thereby affecting the density of text and affecting readability. Negative tracking values contract the spaces between letters and words, while positive tracking values increase the spaces.
Which of the following colors is the complementary color or yellow? a. blue b. red c. violet d. orange
C. Violet - complementary colors are colors that create strong contrasts. They are opposite each other on the visible color spectrum, which is represented by the conventional color wheel.
Which of the following qualities is most important to the create of a piece of conceptual art? a. the incorporation of found and everyday common objects b. audience involvement in the outcome of the performance c. an intention to provoke consideration of ideas and meaning d. a set of instructions that enables precise recreation of the work
C. an intention to provoke consideration of ideas and meaning
The method of sprigging is used in pottery for which of the following purposes? a. combining different colored clays in one clay body b. producing a sealed, smooth clay body c. applying relief clay shapes for decorating a clay body d. changing the surface color of a clay body
C. applying relief clay shapes for decorating a clay body
Wearing a mask or respirator is most important for an artist who is creating a sculpture using which of the following processes and materials? a. molding latex b. soldering mixed metals c. carving plaster d. modeling terra cotta
C. carving plaster
Which of the following art movements and styles of artistic expression were most influenced by advancements in the scientific study of light and colors? a. early 19th century romanticism b. 18th century neoclassicism c. late 19th century impressionism d. 20th century Surrealism
C. late 19th century impressionism
Which of the following architectural features best illustrates the influence of ancient Egyptian art on ancient Roman art? a. round arch b. truss roof c. obelisk d. aqueduct
C. obelisk
A painter begins work on a new watercolor landscape by using a large brush in horizontal strokes to cover an entire sheet of white paper with paint in a soft pink color. The painter is most likely using this technique to: a. stretch and stiffen the paper to increase its strength b. create texture so the paper's surface resembles canvas c. provide a toned ground for evaluating color qualities d. seal the fibers to minimize absorption and bleeding of colors
C. provide a toned ground for evaluating color qualities
Minbars served which on the following functions in mosques? a. storage space for religious relics and books b. access to elevated sections in the building c. raised platform for delivering sermons d. portable structure for dividing floor space
C. raised platform for delivering sermons
An architect is most likely to plan to construct a new public building with ferroncrete for which of the following reasons? a. design goals include maximizing energy efficiency b. exterior glass curtain walls will support the weight of each floor c. the design will feature curving and fluid organic shapes d. budget requirements necessitate the cheapest building materials
C. the design will feature curving and fluid organic shapes
A photographer would be most likely to shoot a digital photograph in black and white rather than in color for which of the following reasons? a. to enable customization of color tones b. to create a surreal or ethereal effect c. to emphasize the lines and contrast the composition d. to enhance the perception of realism in the image
C. to emphasize the lines and contrast the composition
Partial meanings in works of art discovered throughout the critical processes form into a fuller understanding of overall meaning in which of the following stages of art criticism? a. analysis b. description c. evaluation d. interpretation
D - Interpretation is a stage of the critical process that makes sense of the two previous stages of the process - description and analysis. Visual evidence and partial meanings discovered in these previous stages are formed into a cohesive interpretation of overall meaning.
Which of the following actions best describes the scumbling techniques of painting? a. scraping dried paint off a support with a knife b. blending colors together seamlessly c. applying paint to a wet support or still-wet paint d. applying a thin layer of color over a dried layer of color
D - Scumbling is a painting technique in which a thin layer of color is applied over a dried layer of color so that patches of the under layer of color partially show through the upper layer. The technique is often used to create interesting texture and color effects.
In which of the following art gallery jobs would an individual most likely be tasked with writing artists biographies? a. preparator b. registrar c. director d. archivist
D. Archivist. They maintain a complete set of records for the gallery, which include computer files, printed catalogs, etc. This requires full documentation of at the artworks, including title, medium, date, provenance, exhibition and publication history, and info about the artist.
Social realism is predominantly exemplified in the works of which of the following North American photographers? a. Edward Weston b. Annie Leibovitz c. Ansel Adams d. Dorothea Lange
D. Dorothea Lange
Art educator Walter Smith felt that which of the following types of art was most important for students to learn? a. printmaking b. painting c. sculpture d. drawing
D. Drawing.
An architect is tasked with designing a new building. Which of the following steps in the design process should the architect take first? a. deciding in an overarching design theme and color scheme b. researching weather patterns that might affect the building site c. brainstorming multiple design ideas and narrowing them down to one d. identifying the purpose of the building and the people who will use it
D. Identifying the purpose of the building and the people who will use it - the most important first step in the process of designing a new building is to determine the purpose of the building, the activities that will take place around it, and the people who will use it.
Artworks of the baroque period in Italy primarily served which of the following purposes? a. depicting military power b. portraying democratic principles c. celebrating the individual d. promoting religion
D. Promoting religion. The ornamentation and exuberance of baroque art originated in Italy during the 17th century. The Roman Catholic Church adopted the baroque style - which was intended to invoke an emotional response from the viewer- to attract adherents lost during the Protestant Reformation.
Masks from primarily which of the following regions influenced Europen artists during the early 20th century? a. Middle East b. South Asia c. Central America d. West Africa
D. West Africa. European artists such as Pablo Picasso and Amadeo Modigliani were exposed to African artworks that were brought to Europe from Africa during the early 20th century. The artists were inspired by the highly stylized and abstract features they saw in the masks, which influenced their own work.
Navajo sand paintings, or dry paintings, were originally created for which of the following purposes? a. as records or important historical or community events b. as commercial products for 20th century tourism c. as decorative elements in traditional family homes d. as forms of communication used in ritual ceremonies
D. as forms of communication used in ritual ceremonies
A metal sculptor uses the process of forging primarily for which of the following purposes? a. joining 2 or more pieces into one continuous piece b. changing the coloring of the metal surface c. adding small pieces to create a textured surface d. bending and shaping a piece of metal
D. bending and shaping a piece of metal
In creating an ink drawing, an artist is most likely to choose a flexible metal nib for which of the following purposes? a. blending to create a sense of depth b. using the pointillist technique c. incising the drawing paper to create texture d. creating fluid lines that vary in width
D. creating fluid lines that vary in width
The art of calligraphy in Islamic culture primarily served which of the following functions? a. communicating government rules and policies b. providing information on major historical events c. enhancing formal education in literacy d. expressing reverence for religious texts
D. expressing reverence for religious texts
Which of the following materials is most likely to a health hazard in the pottery studio? a. cut-off wire b. slip c. pottery wheel d. glaze
D. glaze
In the creation and analysis of visual art, the term organic shape refers to: a. visual elements that are created by combining circles, triangles, and rectangles b. linear representations of visual elements without color, texture, or depth c. visual elements that portray living or inert objects found in the natural world. d. irregular and informal visual elements that are often curved or rounded
D. irregular and informal visual elements that are often curved or rounded
Postmodernism is a theory or approach to art primarily concerned with which of the following ideas? a. interpreting art from the perspective of its cultural and historical context b. analyzing the expressive use of elements of art and principles of design in art c. discerning meaning in art throughout the understanding of visual symbols d. rejecting traditional values and styles of earlier approaches to artmaking
D. rejecting traditional values and styles of earlier approaches to artmaking
During the 19th century, the idea that art should be distinguished from professions such as science and journalism that aim to create objective, rational, and empirically accurate representations was primarily espoused by which of the following art movements? a. neoclassicism b. naturalism c. impressionism d. romanticism
D. romanticism
A Japanese rock garden exemplifies primarily which of the following principles characteristic of Asian religions? a. the social hierarchy of ranks of human spiritual purity b. the ideal of nonviolence as expression of political resistance c. the complementary relationship between opposite natural forces d. the contribution of personal self restraint to harmonious relationships
D. the contribution of personal self restraint to harmonious relationships
In addition to enhancing the presentation of a charcoal drawing, surrounding it with a mat before framing is important primarily because: a. a mat will prevent pigment particles from dropping from the drawing and collecting under the glass b. the additional depth provided by a mat changes the impact of light on the surface of the drawing c. the thickness of the mat insulates the drawing from temperature changes that can cause deterioration d. the space created by a mat prevents contact with the glass that may contribute to mold growth
D. the space created by the mat prevents contact with the glass that may contribute to mold growth
A media artist working to enhance a photograph is most likely to use a blue filter image editing software which which of the following purposes? a. to sharpen the quality of an image that had been repeatedly resampled and resized b. to create special effects such as the appearance of ripples or a fractured mosaic c. to remove small flaws and anomalies that disrupt the consistency of tonal areas d. to distort unimportant areas and direct viewer attention to the desired elements
D. to distort unimportant areas and direct viewer attention to the desired elements
Describe Texture
In the visual arts, texture refers to both actual texture and implied or visual texture - lines and colors that intersect and overlap each other to create a rough implied texture.
Define Inca Masonry skills.
Incans were expert masons, building structures out of stone blocks of varying sizes and shapes that fit together so neatly a knife cannot be slipped between the stones to this day.
Define post and lintel.
Post and lintel is an architectural technique in which 2 posts support a horizontal piece of material called a lintel. The lintel is supported at its ends by the vertical posts, thereby creating a framed void of space beneath the lintel and between the sides of the vertical posts.
Define Superrealism.
Superrealism, or photorealism, is an art style that began in the US in the 1960s-1970s. Generally, the art features mundane subject matter - usually ordinary objects or people.
Define Olmec culture.
The Olmec lived in present day Southern Mexico starting around 1300 CE. They built earthen mounds and pyramids, but mainly known for carving out about a dozen massive stone heads - most likely portraits of Olmec rulers.
Describe the Yoruba culture and their style of art.
The Yoruba are an ethnic West African group of about 40 million people who live primarily in parts of Nigeria and Benin. They are one of the finest artistic traditions in Africa and still influential today. Around 1300 CE, these artists developed a refined and naturalistic sculptural tradition using terra-cotta, stone and copper alloys. Most of Yoruba art centers around NATURALISTIC depictions of the head, which is considered the locus of ase, which sustains and transforms the Universe in the Yoruba religion.
Define Unity.
Unity refers to the various elements of art and principles of design that contribute to a coherent, unified whole in an artwork. In Zapatistas, the repetition of hat shapes, swords, clothes, diagonal lines, and color contributes to a sense of unity in the work.
Define Ziggurats.
Zigurrats were massive pyramidal structures that served primarily as temples in ancient Mesopotamia.