Art Praxis II

acid-free paper

- has a pH rating of 7 or higher rating of alkalinity - has a much longer life expectancy - used for books and other publications - intended to last in good conditions

Uses of Principles of Design

1. are ways to organize the elements of art. 2. the artist can decide where the focal point is and where they want to lead the viewer's eyes. 3. use the terminology to critiqu or explain another artists work.

conte crayons

1800's red, black, white, harder than chalk and produce smoother lines.

John Audobon

19th Century Watercolor Bird Illustrations

Gum Eraser

A block shaped eraser good for large areas, crumbles easily

oil painting

A painting technique using oil-based pigments that rose to prominence in Northern Europe in the 15th century and is now the standard medium for painting on canvas

shade

Adding black to a color

The Penitent (1510)

Albrecht Durer hatching is used heavily, technique used that uses closely placed parallel lines to create shading and tones. Cross hatching is used in the heavier shaded areas.

Which of the following is a turn-of-the-century art movement characterized by sinuous, asymmetrical lines based on organic forms?

Art Nouveau

Repoussé

Bronze Age Greek works, such as the Mycenaean Mask of Agamemnon, make use of the technique, which involves pounding a sheet of metal from the back to create a low relief.

carved lacquer

Chinese diminutive snuff bottle a popular form of decorative art used in China and other Asian countries dating back to antiquity.

Screwarch

Claes Oldenburg/ Cooseje van Bruggen Main POD are balance (asymmetrical ), pattern (threads on screw), contrast (thick to thin), and movement (arch form).

Piet Mondrian

Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow (1972) de Stijl Art Movement which begun in holland. EOA color, line, and shape

Renaissance artist and architect Filippo Brunelleschi is best known for which of the following accomplishments?

Designing the Florence Cathedral dome Developing one-point linear perspective

Ways to elicit creativity

Drawing and Sketching. Gather ideas in a sketch book and look back at them. Combine these ideas into a bigger art work. Observe and draw what they see. Experiment with different pencils/techniques.

Embrace IV

Emilia Glaser Main EOA Color, value, shape, line, and texture

The contemporary fiber arts movement is most closely related to which of the following?

Feminism

Which of the following framing techniques is most appropriate for showcasing the edges of a work on paper?

Float mounting

Filippo Brunelleschi

Florentine architect who was the first great architect of the Italian Renaissance; built first dome over Cathedral of Florence, Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (the Duomo) His development of one-point linear perspective, previously known to the Greeks and Romans, greatly contributed to the ability of Renaissance artists to depict deep pictorial space on a two-dimensional surface.

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City was designed by which of the following architects?

Frank Lloyd Wright

Which of the following media was an essential part of the time-consuming preparation of Duccio's panel before gilding and painting?

Gesso

Example of trompe l'oeil

Gysbrechts

Filippo Brunelleschi

Italian Artist credited with discovering geometric perspective 1413

Paul Klees Static Dynamic Gradation

Light in value with high chroma

Describe the relationship of the elements of Art and Principles of Design to the natural envirnment.

Organic Shapes, textures (bark, petals), Colors and Values, depth of space in landscapes, Contrast in colors, movement by wind, lines in veins of leaves, repetition of fall colors.

archival paper

Paper that is acid-free and has a quality lifetime of about 100 years or longer.

The museum standard to follow when hanging an exhibition is to place the artwork so that it is

Professional galleries and museums aim to hang works at eye level for the average height, which measures 60 inches from the center of the artwork to the floor.

Which of the following was the preferred building material for ancient Egyptian homes?

Sunbaked-mud bricks

Van Gogh

Sunflowers (1880) chrome yellow turned brown over time.

Which elements of Art and Principle of Design can be used in both 3d and 2d Art work.

Texture, Shape, Space, Form

Albrecht Durer

The Hare Water color from cave paintings to manuscripts, first widely used in the Renaissance. Botanical illustrations, baroque for cartooning and sketching.

gesture drawing

The drawing of lines quickly and loosely to show movement in a subject. To quickly capture the action and form of a model or subject.

Glaze firing

The final firing, with glaze.

When a sculpture is exhibited, which of the following can best help a viewer to understand the 3-D concave and convex surface tensions of the work?

The illumination on the work's surface

value

The lightness or darkness of a color

tone

The lightness or darkness of something - this could be a shade, or how dark or light a colour appears.

Which of the following will most likely be the long-term result from matting a drawing with nonarchival mat board?

The mat will discolor the edges of the drawing.

watercolor brushes

These are soft bristled brushes that are very absorbent. Sometimes made with natural sable, squirrel, or synthetic hairs, and have a shorter handle.

Principles of Design

Unity, emphasis, rhythm, movement, balance, pattern, and contrast.

History of Drawing

Used to express ideas or scenes in Cave walls 10,000bc, Egyptians 3,000bc. Middle age - drwaings were used to prepare paintings. Renaisssance - more widely used art form because of the availability of paper. Draw before painting, study and record nature and anatomy. 1600s pen line sused to create expressive drawings. 1800 pencils were manufactured.

Starry Night

Vincent Van Goh Main POD Contrast (values), emphasis (the moon), balance (between moon and tree), and movement (brush stroke lines)

Impasto Example

Vincent van Gogh Wheatfield with Crows (1890)

plate

a copper or zinc sheet of metal used for intaglio printmaking.

one point perspective

a perspective system with a single vanishing point on the horizon

three point perspective

a perspective system with two vanishing points on the horizon and one not on the horizon

mahlstick (maulstick)

a stick with a padded head used to rest and support your hand to keep is steady while drawing or painting.

Glazing

a technique used with oil paints to layer transpartent colors over a dried opaque color.

egg tempera paint

adding pigment to egg yolk, which is used as a water soluable binder. white wine, vineger, and water are added to keep the paint from cracking. Wood panels and masonite were used instead of paper.

Assemblage

an artistic process n the visual arts consisting of making two-dimensional or three-dimensional compositions by putting together found objects.

asymmetrical

balance is weigted more on one side. This gives the srtwork more visual interest and leads the viewers eye around the artwork.

primer

base for painting for oil and acrylic.

white chalk

calcite or calcium carbonate or soapstone, used for highlights and drawings.

space

can refer to the forgrwound, middle graound or background of an artwork. It can also refer to the positive and negative space created by the artist. Positive space is the subject of the artwork, negative space is the area that surrounds it.

Canvas History

coated with animal glue and lead white paint.

tertiery

colors in between the primary and secondary colors. ex. blue green, red-orange

Steps to critique a drawing

describe (what you see), analyze (recognize the EOA and POD, interpret (What is the artist trying to say), judge it (Was it successful).

alla prima

direct painting wet oil paint onto wet oil layers that have not been allowed to dry. Can be completed in one sitting unlike oil painting.

perspective

drawing technique that shows spacial relationships and the illusion of space on a flat surface.

Jan van Eyck

first to use oil paint on wood panels.

graphite

form of carbon, 1500's.

di sutto in su

from below, upward in italian fresco ceiling paintings were created that used forshortening and realistic depictions to create the illusion of more space. ANDREA MANTEGNA

pencil

graphite encased in wood. 10h-10B, 10h has the hardest lead lightest mark. 10B softest lead, darkest mark. F ,HB are meduim hardness and darkness.

smooth surface

greater detail

Works hung salon-style are exhibited by

hanging a large number of works together on a single wall

composition

how an artwork is organized.

intensity

how light or dark the color is.

balance

how the artworks visual weight is organized, symmetrical or asymmetrical.

red chalk

iron oxide pigment and refined clay used in the 16th 17th centuries by da Vinci

batik

is a method of dyeing fabric in which patterned areas are covered with wax that will resist the dye.

Cloisonné

is an ancient craft. The process involves soldering thin wire to a metal base, creating compartments (or cloisons in French). The soldered wire provides pattern outlines that keep inlaid enamel pastes from running together when fired at high temperatures. Refined and popularized by the Chinese in the fifteenth century, this labor-intensive process enables the creation of colorful and durable ornate patterns on metal objects.

metal casting

is best performed at a professional foundry.

7 elements of art

line, shape, form, color, value, texture, space

What oils can be added to reduce drying time for oil paints

linseed and poppy oil

rough surface

looser drawing and sketching

charcoal

made from slowly burned wood, used for cave drawings.

The Benin plaque shown was created using which of the following processes and materials?

made of hot, liquid brass that was cast using the "cire perdue" (lost wax) technique.

kinetic

means relating to motion. In art it refers to an artwork in which movement is integral to the design, such as Alexander Calder's mobiles.

gouache paint

opaque watercolor, has small chalk particles mixed in to create opacity. First used in FRance 18th Century but used as early as 9th century in Persia

oil paint

paint made of pigment floating in oil

plein air

painting in the outdoors to directly capture the effects of light and atmosphere on a given object. 1840's Claude Monet

warp

refers to the threads that are arranged longitudinally or lengthwise on a loom.

Pattern

repeating elements in the same order.

Ryhtym

repeating elements without a specific order.

symmetrical

same on both sides

Sgraffito

scratching technique through a layer of paint to reveal the layer or surface underneath using a palette knife, end of a paint brush handle, or a stick. It is a process in which layers of underglazes or colored slips are applied to leather-hard pottery and then partially scratched off to create patterns and textures.

kneaded rubber eraser

self-cleaning by stretching, no crumbs

hot press paper

super smooth. No texture with this paper. This paper doesn't suck up the water as fast as the cold press, allowing you to play around more, like re-wetting edges of pigment.

Judith Leyster's The Proposition

the dramatic contrast between dark and light tones is commonly associated with Chiaroscuro

Underpainting for oil and acrylic painting

the process of painting the canvas in a base, often monochrome, color as a first step in creating the areas of light and dark value

trompe l'oeil

to deceive the eye in french. its meant to depict objects in a realistic way to produce the optical illusion that the object exists in 3 dimensions.

watercolor

transparent paint made from pigment and a gum arabic binder dissolved in water

two point perspective

two vanishing points

Greek beaker, The vessel's red polished surface was an effect achieved by burnishing a coating of

ultrarefined clay slip

Terra Sigillata pottery

ultrarefined clay slip that, when applied to bone-dry pottery and polished or burnished, may produce a very smooth, lustrous surface finish. The ancient Greeks and Romans used this technique in lieu of glaze.

Burnisher

used in printmaking to smooth the surface of a metal intaglio printing plate. or a flat disk used to press paper onto a surface to create a print.

gouge

used in reliefe printmaking to cut away the parts that will not hold the ink. they come in different sizes and shapes, V, U, and are used on surfaces such as wood and linoleum.

masking fluid

used in watercolor to retain white areas

line

used to define a shape, and its path between 2 points. Lines can be used to create movement or to lead the viewers eye around the artwork.

Art Nouveau

was a decorative arts movement popular throughout Europe and beyond, which helped usher in a modern style in art and design. With an emphasis on linear contours, artists drew inspiration primarily from organic forms.

cold press paper

watercolor paper (left) has texture. Little bumps and grooves holds in the water and pigment. It really sucks up the water pretty quickly. Good Choice when you want to convey texture in the final peice