art

gradation

(n) a progression, a process taking place gradually, in stages; one of these stages

critical method

1. Description 2. Analysis 3. Interpretation 4. Evaluation

proportion

1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure.

proportional guidelines of the face

1. eyes positioned halfway down the head 2. top of the ears are in line with the eyebrows 3. bottom of the ears are in line with the eyebrows 4. pupils in line with the ends of the mouth

Realism

A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be

Rule of Thirds

A composition rule that divides the screen into thirds horizontally and vertically, like a tic-tac toe grid placed over the picture on a television set. Almost all of the important information included in every shot is located at one of the four intersections of the horizontal and vertical lines

vanishing point

A point in space, usually located on the horizon, where parallel edges of an object appear to converge.

abstract art

A style of art that does not show a realistic subject, usually transforming the subject into lines, colors or shapes. These are works of art that take abstraction to an extreme.

Triptych

A three-paneled painting or altarpiece.

Abstraction

Abstraction describes the process of how an artist departs from more realistic representations of a subject.

editorial illustration

An illustration communicating emotion or opinion through an expressive treatment of line, shape, and placement.

Publication Design

Book design, magazine design, newspaper design, newsletters, booklets

What is the difference between hatching and cross-hatching?

Hatching is a single series of parallel strokes, while cross-hatching is a series of crossed marks

optical mixing

In this process, the viewer's eye blends the dots of color in a painting.

Ukiyo-e

Japanese woodblock printing; translation: "pictures of the floating world"

gesture drawing

Line drawing done quickly to capture movement of the subject's body

Implied Lines (Subjective Lines)

Lines that are completed by the viewer

Implied Lines (Subjective Lines)

Lines that are completed by the viewer. A discontinuous line that the viewer reads as continuous because of the overall context of the images. Lines that fade, stop, and/or disappear when used to visually define an object or shape. The missing portion of the line is "filled in" by the viewer, creating a sense of linear continuation, and therefore, completing visual continuity as the line reappears.

value scale

Scale showing the range of values from black to white and light to dark.

scale

Specify a percentage of original size to enlarge or reduce the size of an object.

value

The lightness or darkness of a color

Shading

The representation of light and shade on a drawing or map.

Elements of Art

The visual components of color, form, line, shape, space, texture, and value.

Principles of Design

Unity, variety, emphasis, rhythm, movement, balance, pattern, and proportion. The effects that may result when the art elements are structured to achieve a successful composition.

graphic designer

a career that involves designing or creating graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs

contour drawing

a line drawing that defines the outer and inner shapes of forms

Woodcut

a print created from an incised piece of wood

aerial perspective (atmospheric perspective)

a technique that gives the illusion of depth on a flat surface by giving less clarity and color vibrancy to objects in the distance

linear perspective

a technique that gives the illusion of depth on a flat surface through the use of drawn or imagined lines converging on a point on the horizon

Foreshortening

a visual effect in which an object is shortened and turned deeper into the picture plane to give the effect of receding in space

moves away from realistic representations of objects in artwork

abstract

Artists use the process of ___ when they move away from depicting an object realistically.

abstraction

You change a colors intensity by

adding its complementary color

In watercolor, a wash is

an area of color applied with a brush and diluted with water to let it flow across the paper

space

an element of art; the area between, around, above, below, or within objects

adjacent hues on the color wheel

analogous colors

a step in art criticism which examines the relationship between the components of an artwork

analysis

Golden Ratio

approximately 1.618 and is believed to be aesthetically pleasing in art and architecture

a systematic discussion of the characteristics of an artwork, involving four stages: description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation

art criticism

Expressionism

art that came from within the individual artist rather than from the artist's observation of the world

Representational

art that depicts figures and objects so that we recognize what is represented

non-objective

art that does not depict a recognizable subject

2D art

art that is executed on a two dimensional surface that has length and width; a flat (or nearly flat) surface. These include, but are not limited to, paintings, drawings, and prints.

Realism

artistic representation that aims for visual accuracy

a feeling of equally distributed visual weight with figures and objects that are different

asymmetrical balance

a principle of design; creates stability in a work of art by equally distributing the elements of art

balance

The value of a color is determined by the addition of

black, white, and gray

geometric analysis

breaking complex objects into basic shapes as a drawing aid

Design Method

choose research draw technique evaluate

an element of art, what the eye sees when light is reflected off an object

color

combination of colors that are considered satisfying, or that produce certain effects; also known as color harmonies

color scheme

colors that are directly opposite each other on the color wheel

complementary colors

the way in which its visual elements are arranged, especially in relationship to one another

composition

shows the outline of a subject and defines its shape

contour drawing

blues, greens, and violets

cool colors

In Tanner O. Wilson's The Banjo, he used ___ lines to achieve gradations in value.

crosshatching

a step in art criticism which lists facts about an artwork

description

A contour line is a kind of

descriptive line

An artist draws the outline of a human face when he first starts a drawing. What type of line is this?

descriptive line

relies on shapes, colors, lines to create a composition, and may convey something such as emotions, with no reference to a unique visual object

design

a process of five steps that assist an artist in developing ideas into a successful work of art

design method

art director

determines how the ads verbal and visual symbols will fit together

the building blocks of art that an artist works with to create an artwork

elements of art

a principle of design; uses one or more of the elements of art to stress a specific area of design

emphasis

Framing

establishes the limits of what is seen in a picture

a step in art criticism which determines the quality or lasting importance of an artwork

evaluation

abstract

existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

horizon

eyelevel of piece of artwork

the objects in a work that appear in the foreground

figure

what kind of surface is 2D art created on?

flat

web designer

focuses on the look and feel of the web site

the technique of depicting a form in a picture so as to produce an illusion of extension in space

foreshortening

an element of art; a 3-dimensional object with mass or volume

form

breaking complex objects into basic shapes as a drawing aid

geometric analysis

forms found in things made by people; tend to be regular

geometric forms

shapes found in things made by people; edges tend to be regular

geometric shapes

done quickly to capture action in a moving subject

gesture drawing

a mathematical proportion that occurs in nature and can be used to arrange art compositions

golden ratio

a gradual transition, such as a blending of light to dark

gradation

the background of a work of art

ground

In the proportions of the face, the eyes are located ___ between the top of the head and the chin

halfway

In the proportions of the face, we measure from the top of the head to the chin to locate certain features and then locate features in relation to each other. The bottom of the nose is located ___ between the eyebrows and the bottom of the chin.

halfway

identifies a color as seen in the spectrum or the color wheel

hue

Elizabeth Catlett's sculptures and paintings use lots of ___ lines, meaning she hasn't carved or drawn them, but you can see them where different forms overlap or intersect.

implied lines

the brightness or dullness of a color; also called chroma or saturation

intensity

colors found between a primary and secondary color

intermediate colors

a step in art criticism which explains the meaning of an artwork

interpretation

an element of art; a continuous mark made on a surface

line

One-point perspective drawing

linear perspective with one vanishing point on the horizon

two point perspective drawing

linear perspective with two vanishing points on the horizon

descriptive lines

lines that help us understand what we are seeing

descriptive line

lines used to define a form includes hatching, crosshatching, outlines and contour lines

the plural of medium

media

an art material such as paint, graphite, or clay

medium

various values or intensities of a single hue

monochromatic

a principle of design; repeating elements of art to in order to create a feeling of organized movement

movement

the space not occupied by an object or figure, but in and around it

negative space

colors not associated with the spectrum (black, white, gray, and brown)

neutral

relies on shapes, colors, lines to create a composition, and may convey something such as emotions, with no reference to a unique visual object

non-representational

atmospheric perspective (aerial perspective)

objects in the distance are blurry and have less color

When your eye unifies smaller elements into a visual whole, this is a kind of

optical mixing

forms found throughout nature; tend to be irregular

organic forms

shapes found throughout nature; edges tend to be irregular

organic shapes

a principle of design; repetition of one or more of the elements of art to create a specific design

pattern

the enclosed areas and objects in a work of art

positive space

red, yellow, and blue; all other hues can be made by mixing these colors

primary colors

used to structure the elements of art into a successful composition

principles of design

a principle of design; the way the parts of a work relate to each other and to the whole

proportion

the repetitive placement of two or more identical or very similar elements branching or radiating out from a central point

radial balance

depicts unique instances of objects or events in the physical world that are usually easily recognizable in the work

representational

a principle of design; uses the elements of art to guide the viewer's eyes throughout a work of art

rhythm

splits an image into thirds visually and horizontally to form a grid, and used to draw the viewers eye to certain points in the composition

rule of thirds

the relative size of one object compared to another within an artwork, or the size of an object in relation to the human body

scale

orange, violet, and green; made by mixing two primary colors

secondary colors

When you add black to a color, you are changing its

shade

used to create different values in a drawing

shading

an element of art; a flat, 2-dimensional area of enclosed space

shape

illustration

showing by example; a picture

Viewfinder

shows a field of view for framing technique in art.

an element of art; the area between, around, above, below, or within objects

space

the topic or focus of an artwork; can be an idea or an object

subject matter

elements are equally distributed on either side of a central axis

symmetrical balance

an element of art; the way an object feels or appears to feel to the touch

texture

verisimilitude

the appearance of being true or real

When composing the face, the bottom of the ears should align with

the bottom of the nose

In watercolor, dry brush is

the broken appearance of color on the page because little water was used in the brush

pattern

the geometric arrangement of objects in a space

Unity

the imposition of order and harmony on a design

composition

the makeup of something

overlapping forms

the placement of object in layers in an image to create depth

Formalism

the study of art by analyzing and comparing form and style—the way objects are made and their purely visual aspects.

picture plane

the surface of a 2D work that is something like a pane of glass you peer through to see another world, and which establishes the point at which lines of linear perspective can emerge.

Crosshatching

the technique of using crossed lines for shading

Hatching

the use of non-overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness

When you add grey to a color, you are changing its

tone

a principle of design; the successful ordering of the elements of art to create a sense of wholeness

unity

Expressive lines are

used to convey feelings and ideas.

an element of art; the lightness or darkness of an area

value

shows value gradations from black to white

value scale

reds, oranges, and yellows

warm colors

In watercolor, opacity is

when the whiteness of the paper doesn't show through, and light bounces off the skin of paint

You tint a color when you add

white