art
gradation
(n) a progression, a process taking place gradually, in stages; one of these stages
critical method
1. Description 2. Analysis 3. Interpretation 4. Evaluation
proportion
1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure.
proportional guidelines of the face
1. eyes positioned halfway down the head 2. top of the ears are in line with the eyebrows 3. bottom of the ears are in line with the eyebrows 4. pupils in line with the ends of the mouth
Realism
A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be
Rule of Thirds
A composition rule that divides the screen into thirds horizontally and vertically, like a tic-tac toe grid placed over the picture on a television set. Almost all of the important information included in every shot is located at one of the four intersections of the horizontal and vertical lines
vanishing point
A point in space, usually located on the horizon, where parallel edges of an object appear to converge.
abstract art
A style of art that does not show a realistic subject, usually transforming the subject into lines, colors or shapes. These are works of art that take abstraction to an extreme.
Triptych
A three-paneled painting or altarpiece.
Abstraction
Abstraction describes the process of how an artist departs from more realistic representations of a subject.
editorial illustration
An illustration communicating emotion or opinion through an expressive treatment of line, shape, and placement.
Publication Design
Book design, magazine design, newspaper design, newsletters, booklets
What is the difference between hatching and cross-hatching?
Hatching is a single series of parallel strokes, while cross-hatching is a series of crossed marks
optical mixing
In this process, the viewer's eye blends the dots of color in a painting.
Ukiyo-e
Japanese woodblock printing; translation: "pictures of the floating world"
gesture drawing
Line drawing done quickly to capture movement of the subject's body
Implied Lines (Subjective Lines)
Lines that are completed by the viewer
Implied Lines (Subjective Lines)
Lines that are completed by the viewer. A discontinuous line that the viewer reads as continuous because of the overall context of the images. Lines that fade, stop, and/or disappear when used to visually define an object or shape. The missing portion of the line is "filled in" by the viewer, creating a sense of linear continuation, and therefore, completing visual continuity as the line reappears.
value scale
Scale showing the range of values from black to white and light to dark.
scale
Specify a percentage of original size to enlarge or reduce the size of an object.
value
The lightness or darkness of a color
Shading
The representation of light and shade on a drawing or map.
Elements of Art
The visual components of color, form, line, shape, space, texture, and value.
Principles of Design
Unity, variety, emphasis, rhythm, movement, balance, pattern, and proportion. The effects that may result when the art elements are structured to achieve a successful composition.
graphic designer
a career that involves designing or creating graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs
contour drawing
a line drawing that defines the outer and inner shapes of forms
Woodcut
a print created from an incised piece of wood
aerial perspective (atmospheric perspective)
a technique that gives the illusion of depth on a flat surface by giving less clarity and color vibrancy to objects in the distance
linear perspective
a technique that gives the illusion of depth on a flat surface through the use of drawn or imagined lines converging on a point on the horizon
Foreshortening
a visual effect in which an object is shortened and turned deeper into the picture plane to give the effect of receding in space
moves away from realistic representations of objects in artwork
abstract
Artists use the process of ___ when they move away from depicting an object realistically.
abstraction
You change a colors intensity by
adding its complementary color
In watercolor, a wash is
an area of color applied with a brush and diluted with water to let it flow across the paper
space
an element of art; the area between, around, above, below, or within objects
adjacent hues on the color wheel
analogous colors
a step in art criticism which examines the relationship between the components of an artwork
analysis
Golden Ratio
approximately 1.618 and is believed to be aesthetically pleasing in art and architecture
a systematic discussion of the characteristics of an artwork, involving four stages: description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation
art criticism
Expressionism
art that came from within the individual artist rather than from the artist's observation of the world
Representational
art that depicts figures and objects so that we recognize what is represented
non-objective
art that does not depict a recognizable subject
2D art
art that is executed on a two dimensional surface that has length and width; a flat (or nearly flat) surface. These include, but are not limited to, paintings, drawings, and prints.
Realism
artistic representation that aims for visual accuracy
a feeling of equally distributed visual weight with figures and objects that are different
asymmetrical balance
a principle of design; creates stability in a work of art by equally distributing the elements of art
balance
The value of a color is determined by the addition of
black, white, and gray
geometric analysis
breaking complex objects into basic shapes as a drawing aid
Design Method
choose research draw technique evaluate
an element of art, what the eye sees when light is reflected off an object
color
combination of colors that are considered satisfying, or that produce certain effects; also known as color harmonies
color scheme
colors that are directly opposite each other on the color wheel
complementary colors
the way in which its visual elements are arranged, especially in relationship to one another
composition
shows the outline of a subject and defines its shape
contour drawing
blues, greens, and violets
cool colors
In Tanner O. Wilson's The Banjo, he used ___ lines to achieve gradations in value.
crosshatching
a step in art criticism which lists facts about an artwork
description
A contour line is a kind of
descriptive line
An artist draws the outline of a human face when he first starts a drawing. What type of line is this?
descriptive line
relies on shapes, colors, lines to create a composition, and may convey something such as emotions, with no reference to a unique visual object
design
a process of five steps that assist an artist in developing ideas into a successful work of art
design method
art director
determines how the ads verbal and visual symbols will fit together
the building blocks of art that an artist works with to create an artwork
elements of art
a principle of design; uses one or more of the elements of art to stress a specific area of design
emphasis
Framing
establishes the limits of what is seen in a picture
a step in art criticism which determines the quality or lasting importance of an artwork
evaluation
abstract
existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
horizon
eyelevel of piece of artwork
the objects in a work that appear in the foreground
figure
what kind of surface is 2D art created on?
flat
web designer
focuses on the look and feel of the web site
the technique of depicting a form in a picture so as to produce an illusion of extension in space
foreshortening
an element of art; a 3-dimensional object with mass or volume
form
breaking complex objects into basic shapes as a drawing aid
geometric analysis
forms found in things made by people; tend to be regular
geometric forms
shapes found in things made by people; edges tend to be regular
geometric shapes
done quickly to capture action in a moving subject
gesture drawing
a mathematical proportion that occurs in nature and can be used to arrange art compositions
golden ratio
a gradual transition, such as a blending of light to dark
gradation
the background of a work of art
ground
In the proportions of the face, the eyes are located ___ between the top of the head and the chin
halfway
In the proportions of the face, we measure from the top of the head to the chin to locate certain features and then locate features in relation to each other. The bottom of the nose is located ___ between the eyebrows and the bottom of the chin.
halfway
identifies a color as seen in the spectrum or the color wheel
hue
Elizabeth Catlett's sculptures and paintings use lots of ___ lines, meaning she hasn't carved or drawn them, but you can see them where different forms overlap or intersect.
implied lines
the brightness or dullness of a color; also called chroma or saturation
intensity
colors found between a primary and secondary color
intermediate colors
a step in art criticism which explains the meaning of an artwork
interpretation
an element of art; a continuous mark made on a surface
line
One-point perspective drawing
linear perspective with one vanishing point on the horizon
two point perspective drawing
linear perspective with two vanishing points on the horizon
descriptive lines
lines that help us understand what we are seeing
descriptive line
lines used to define a form includes hatching, crosshatching, outlines and contour lines
the plural of medium
media
an art material such as paint, graphite, or clay
medium
various values or intensities of a single hue
monochromatic
a principle of design; repeating elements of art to in order to create a feeling of organized movement
movement
the space not occupied by an object or figure, but in and around it
negative space
colors not associated with the spectrum (black, white, gray, and brown)
neutral
relies on shapes, colors, lines to create a composition, and may convey something such as emotions, with no reference to a unique visual object
non-representational
atmospheric perspective (aerial perspective)
objects in the distance are blurry and have less color
When your eye unifies smaller elements into a visual whole, this is a kind of
optical mixing
forms found throughout nature; tend to be irregular
organic forms
shapes found throughout nature; edges tend to be irregular
organic shapes
a principle of design; repetition of one or more of the elements of art to create a specific design
pattern
the enclosed areas and objects in a work of art
positive space
red, yellow, and blue; all other hues can be made by mixing these colors
primary colors
used to structure the elements of art into a successful composition
principles of design
a principle of design; the way the parts of a work relate to each other and to the whole
proportion
the repetitive placement of two or more identical or very similar elements branching or radiating out from a central point
radial balance
depicts unique instances of objects or events in the physical world that are usually easily recognizable in the work
representational
a principle of design; uses the elements of art to guide the viewer's eyes throughout a work of art
rhythm
splits an image into thirds visually and horizontally to form a grid, and used to draw the viewers eye to certain points in the composition
rule of thirds
the relative size of one object compared to another within an artwork, or the size of an object in relation to the human body
scale
orange, violet, and green; made by mixing two primary colors
secondary colors
When you add black to a color, you are changing its
shade
used to create different values in a drawing
shading
an element of art; a flat, 2-dimensional area of enclosed space
shape
illustration
showing by example; a picture
Viewfinder
shows a field of view for framing technique in art.
an element of art; the area between, around, above, below, or within objects
space
the topic or focus of an artwork; can be an idea or an object
subject matter
elements are equally distributed on either side of a central axis
symmetrical balance
an element of art; the way an object feels or appears to feel to the touch
texture
verisimilitude
the appearance of being true or real
When composing the face, the bottom of the ears should align with
the bottom of the nose
In watercolor, dry brush is
the broken appearance of color on the page because little water was used in the brush
pattern
the geometric arrangement of objects in a space
Unity
the imposition of order and harmony on a design
composition
the makeup of something
overlapping forms
the placement of object in layers in an image to create depth
Formalism
the study of art by analyzing and comparing form and style—the way objects are made and their purely visual aspects.
picture plane
the surface of a 2D work that is something like a pane of glass you peer through to see another world, and which establishes the point at which lines of linear perspective can emerge.
Crosshatching
the technique of using crossed lines for shading
Hatching
the use of non-overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness
When you add grey to a color, you are changing its
tone
a principle of design; the successful ordering of the elements of art to create a sense of wholeness
unity
Expressive lines are
used to convey feelings and ideas.
an element of art; the lightness or darkness of an area
value
shows value gradations from black to white
value scale
reds, oranges, and yellows
warm colors
In watercolor, opacity is
when the whiteness of the paper doesn't show through, and light bounces off the skin of paint
You tint a color when you add
white