Art Survey Chapters 1-6

Contour line

A ________________________ is not an actual line but an edge that is perceived where a 3D form curves away from the viewer

Monochromatic Color Scheme

A _______________________________________________________ features one (mono) dominant hue (chroma)

Stippling

A more or less dense pattern of dots is referred to by ____________________________.

Iconic Shapes

A shape that has entered our consciousness in such a way as to carry with them immediate associations

Rectilinear

A shape that has straight edges and angular

Curvilinear

A shape with curving edges

Actual Mass

A solid form- such as one may find in sculpture- has ___________________.

Tactile

Actual texture is __________________; it is physical

Form

Also has another meaning the context of art and design. It can describe the totality of a work of art- its elements, design principles, and composition

Analogous Colors

Are adjacent on the color wheel and are more similar to each other than to colors elsewhere in the spectrum

Complementary Color Schemes

Are based on colors that are across from one another on the color wheel

Organic Shapes

Are derived from those found in nature- the world of living things

Amorphous Shapes

Are essentially implied shape; they are, visually speaking vague. The eye interprets them as shape even though they have no actual outer edges

Actual Lines

Are those that are physically present in a work of art

Techniques

Artistic ____________________________ are methods- the specific ways in which mediums are handled, controlled, and applied, and also applied skill or facility with tools of the trade that enable an artist to achieve a desired effect

Neutral

Black, white, and gray are considered ___________________ colors

Geometric

Both rectilinear and curvilinear shapes may be described as __________________________ in that they may be derived from mathematical formulas and are rendered with great precision

Density

By altering the measure or ___________________________ of lines, graduations of VALUE can be achieved

Expressionism

Can be defined as a style that reflects a subjective, "inner world"- a style that conveys the psychological and emotional state of the artist

Variety

Can be described as contrast and diversity. It is the counterpoint of unity, Juxtaposing various or contradictory elements in a composition adds interest, spontaneity and the element of surprise.

Genres

Categories of subjects with which artists work

Hatching

Closely spaced parallel lines are referred to by __________________.

Local Color

Color that we typically associate with the natural appearance of things

WHY

Content comes close to being the ____________ of a work of art in that includes what we might consider the REASONS behind its appearance

Unity

Defined as a sense of oneness or cohesiveness. It has the effect of gathering the elements of a composition into harmony

Crosshatching

Dense patterns of crisscrossed lines that create a sense of volume in shapes that may otherwise appear flat is referred to by ___________________________.

Space

Describes the area around of within the components of a work of art- what Frank Lloyd Wright called, "the breath of art". In the visual arts we speak of open and closed ________________; shallow 2D ____________; the actual 3D ______________ in which a piece exists; and the illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface.

Focal Point

Describes the main point of interest in a work of art- one that captures and holds a viewer's attention

Value

Describes the relative lightness of darkness of an image. In terms of how an artist would use pigment, ___________ refers to the broad and nuanced spectrum of grays between black and white.

Value Pattern

Describes the variation in light and dark within a work of art and the ways in which they are arranged in a composition

Arbitrary (subjective) Color

Does not accurately reflect the visible reality of things

Achromatic

Grays are called this that are achieved by mixing various amounts of black and white

Chromatic

Grays that contain color are referred to as grayed neutrals, or ______________________ grays.

Secondary Pigment Colors

Green, orange, and violet can be referred to as

HOW

If subject matter is the what of a work of art, form is the _________________

Figure, Ground

In a 2D composition, a shape is referred to as ______________________________, and the empty area surrounding it is referred to as the ______________________.

Shape

In a 2D work of art is a flat area created when 2 ends of a line are connected and an area is enclosed. _________________ can also describe an area of a composition that is created by other shapes surrounding it.

Emphasis

In a composition describes an attention-grabbing aspect that directs the viewer's eye to a particular area, giving it visual or conceptual dominance

Implied Mass

In a painting, by contrast, the illusion of a solid 3D form on a 2D surface has ______________________.

Line

In an artist's theoretical vocabulary a _____________________ is a moving dot.

Time and Motion

In art are connected: motion occurs over time and distance. Motion can be actual (components of a work of art actually change potion) or implied (illusionary).

Rhythm

In art is the equivalent of a beat in music. It describes recurrent visual motifs (like patterns) and compositional accents, movements, and flow.

Mass

In art, we use the word ________________ to describe the bulk of a solid 3D form

Actual Texture

Is actually related to the materials used to create the work

Formalism

Is an approach to art criticism that concentrates primarily on the elements and design of works of art, rather than their historical contexts or the biographies of the artists who created them

Additive Color

Is color that is created by mixing colored light

Subtractive Color

Is color that is created by mixing pigments

Proportions

Is comparative size, that is, the size of elements or images within a work of art in relation to each other or to the whole

Scale

Is defined as the size of something relative to the human dimensions of a viewer

Shape

Is generally used to describe flat, enclosed areas, like a circle or square.

Form

Is often used to describe 3D shapes such as a sphere or a cube

Style

Is the distinctive mode of expression that results from the way in which an artist handles materials and the elements and principles of art and design

Balance

Is the distribution of weight- actual or visual- in a work of art. It results in physical stability (as in a sculpture) or a sense of equilibrium among the visual units of a composition

Visual Texture

Is the illusion of an actual texture

Volume

Is the measurable space within a #D form or object- in other words, its capacity

Color

Is the most complex element of art to define. Scientifically speaking, ________ is the thing that the human eye and brain perceived that is associated with descriptive words like red, or blue, or yellow.

Texture

Is the surface character of materials as experienced by the sense of touch and sight. _____________ can be inherent in the materials that an artist chooses or can be created through manipulation of surfaces. It can also be implied in a work of art through the illusionistic rendering of the physical aspects of material.

Abstract Art

Is usually defined as art that does not imitate or clearly represent visible reality

Nonobjective Shapes

Like nonobjective works of art in general, make no reference to visible reality

+ Tones

Mixing gray with a color can create a variety of ______________________

Nonobjective Art

Often used as a synonym for abstract art, does not begin with objects in the visible world

Low-Key Value Range, High-Key Value Range

On the spectrum of grays, as one moves towards BLACK, they enter what is known as the ____________________________________; as one moves toward the WHITE, they are in the _____________________________.

Color Schemes

Planned combinations of color are referred to as ___________________________________.

Primary Pigment Colors

Red, yellow, and blue can be referred to as

Principles of Design

Refer to the visual strategies that along with the elements of art, are used to construct a work of art

Implied Lines

Refers to the "sense" of line created by the perceptual tendency to connect a series of points

Value Contrast

Refers to the degrees of difference between shades of gray

The measure of a line

Refers to the length and width of a line

Value

Refers to the lightness or darkness of a hue-its degree of luminosity

Value

Refers to the relative degree of lightness or darkness of a surface or a color

Realism

Refers to the replication- through artistic means- of people and things as they are seen be the eye or really thought to be, without idealization, without distortion

Hue

Simply defined, __________ is pure, unadulterated color- as it appears on the color wheel

Visible Spectrum

Sir Isaac Newton recreated the colors of the rainbow, otherwise known as the _______________________

Color Wheel

Sir Isaac Newton's color circles served as the precedent for the twelve-point _______________________ and the foundation of color theory in art.

Yellow-orange, Orange-red, Red-violet, Violet-blue, Blue-green, Green-yellow

So-called tertiary colors

Iconography

Study of symbols

Psychological Line

Suggests a conceptual connection- an invisible linear path- between or among elements or characters in a composition.

Surface, Touch

Texture is used to describe the _____________________ character of a material and is experienced primarily through the sense of __________________.

Subject

The WHAT of a work of art

Symbolism

The _____________________________ of colors, their meanings, are culture-specific

Shades, Tints

The addition of BLACK results in ________________ of that hue; adding WHITE produces ________________ of that hue.

Positive Shape, Negative Shape

The figure is regarded as ________________________ in a composition and the ground is regarded as _____________________________.

Medium

The materials and tools that artists use to create a work of art comprise its ______________________ (like oil paints on canvas)

Value

The perception of a _________________ of a color is dependent on that which surrounds it

Highlighting

The placement of patches of bright light is termed _________________________ when the lighting is harshest, cast shadows are most pronounced

Figure-Ground Reversal

The tendency of the eye and brain to shift focus when figure and ground are ambiguous

Representational

The term _______________________________________ is used to describe forms in the natural world that most people would find recognizable even if the maker has not rendered the details with meticulous realism

Texture

The word _______________________ derives from the Latin for "weaving"

Hue, Value, and Intensity

Three perceptual properties of color are

Chiaroscuro or Modeling

Use of contrasting gradations of light and shade to create the illusion of 3D on a 2D surface

Outline

What we call an actual line

Optical Color

When artists simulate the visual effects of different lighting conditions and their effects on the objects we are looking at, they are working with the principle of _______________________.

Direction of Movement

When we speak of vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines, we refer to the sense of __________________________________________________ they imply.

Tenebrism

Whereas chiaroscuro relies on bathing subjects in more or less uniform light, ________________________, from the Italian meaning "shadowy manner", mimics the effects of a harsh "spotlight" emanating from a single light source with clear directionality.

Content

Whereas subject refers to the aspects of a work that can be described, _________________ refers to a work's array of intangible aspects: the emotional, intellectual, psychological, symbolic element

Color

Without light there is no _____________________

Cool, Warm

____________ and _____________ apply, in typical usage, to temperature

Intensity, Saturation

_____________________________ and ______________________________ are synonymous terms that describe the brightness or dullness of a color

Line

a basic, and perhaps the most essential element of art. ________________ is the shortest distance between 2 points and is the thing created by the connection of these points.

Form

in the context of art and design can have more than one meaning. It may refer to the totality of a composition or design. It may also be used to discuss 3D shapes, or also may be used to describe areas of void space in sculptural works that serve as compositional counterpoints to solid shapes