Art Survey Chapters 1-6
Contour line
A ________________________ is not an actual line but an edge that is perceived where a 3D form curves away from the viewer
Monochromatic Color Scheme
A _______________________________________________________ features one (mono) dominant hue (chroma)
Stippling
A more or less dense pattern of dots is referred to by ____________________________.
Iconic Shapes
A shape that has entered our consciousness in such a way as to carry with them immediate associations
Rectilinear
A shape that has straight edges and angular
Curvilinear
A shape with curving edges
Actual Mass
A solid form- such as one may find in sculpture- has ___________________.
Tactile
Actual texture is __________________; it is physical
Form
Also has another meaning the context of art and design. It can describe the totality of a work of art- its elements, design principles, and composition
Analogous Colors
Are adjacent on the color wheel and are more similar to each other than to colors elsewhere in the spectrum
Complementary Color Schemes
Are based on colors that are across from one another on the color wheel
Organic Shapes
Are derived from those found in nature- the world of living things
Amorphous Shapes
Are essentially implied shape; they are, visually speaking vague. The eye interprets them as shape even though they have no actual outer edges
Actual Lines
Are those that are physically present in a work of art
Techniques
Artistic ____________________________ are methods- the specific ways in which mediums are handled, controlled, and applied, and also applied skill or facility with tools of the trade that enable an artist to achieve a desired effect
Neutral
Black, white, and gray are considered ___________________ colors
Geometric
Both rectilinear and curvilinear shapes may be described as __________________________ in that they may be derived from mathematical formulas and are rendered with great precision
Density
By altering the measure or ___________________________ of lines, graduations of VALUE can be achieved
Expressionism
Can be defined as a style that reflects a subjective, "inner world"- a style that conveys the psychological and emotional state of the artist
Variety
Can be described as contrast and diversity. It is the counterpoint of unity, Juxtaposing various or contradictory elements in a composition adds interest, spontaneity and the element of surprise.
Genres
Categories of subjects with which artists work
Hatching
Closely spaced parallel lines are referred to by __________________.
Local Color
Color that we typically associate with the natural appearance of things
WHY
Content comes close to being the ____________ of a work of art in that includes what we might consider the REASONS behind its appearance
Unity
Defined as a sense of oneness or cohesiveness. It has the effect of gathering the elements of a composition into harmony
Crosshatching
Dense patterns of crisscrossed lines that create a sense of volume in shapes that may otherwise appear flat is referred to by ___________________________.
Space
Describes the area around of within the components of a work of art- what Frank Lloyd Wright called, "the breath of art". In the visual arts we speak of open and closed ________________; shallow 2D ____________; the actual 3D ______________ in which a piece exists; and the illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface.
Focal Point
Describes the main point of interest in a work of art- one that captures and holds a viewer's attention
Value
Describes the relative lightness of darkness of an image. In terms of how an artist would use pigment, ___________ refers to the broad and nuanced spectrum of grays between black and white.
Value Pattern
Describes the variation in light and dark within a work of art and the ways in which they are arranged in a composition
Arbitrary (subjective) Color
Does not accurately reflect the visible reality of things
Achromatic
Grays are called this that are achieved by mixing various amounts of black and white
Chromatic
Grays that contain color are referred to as grayed neutrals, or ______________________ grays.
Secondary Pigment Colors
Green, orange, and violet can be referred to as
HOW
If subject matter is the what of a work of art, form is the _________________
Figure, Ground
In a 2D composition, a shape is referred to as ______________________________, and the empty area surrounding it is referred to as the ______________________.
Shape
In a 2D work of art is a flat area created when 2 ends of a line are connected and an area is enclosed. _________________ can also describe an area of a composition that is created by other shapes surrounding it.
Emphasis
In a composition describes an attention-grabbing aspect that directs the viewer's eye to a particular area, giving it visual or conceptual dominance
Implied Mass
In a painting, by contrast, the illusion of a solid 3D form on a 2D surface has ______________________.
Line
In an artist's theoretical vocabulary a _____________________ is a moving dot.
Time and Motion
In art are connected: motion occurs over time and distance. Motion can be actual (components of a work of art actually change potion) or implied (illusionary).
Rhythm
In art is the equivalent of a beat in music. It describes recurrent visual motifs (like patterns) and compositional accents, movements, and flow.
Mass
In art, we use the word ________________ to describe the bulk of a solid 3D form
Actual Texture
Is actually related to the materials used to create the work
Formalism
Is an approach to art criticism that concentrates primarily on the elements and design of works of art, rather than their historical contexts or the biographies of the artists who created them
Additive Color
Is color that is created by mixing colored light
Subtractive Color
Is color that is created by mixing pigments
Proportions
Is comparative size, that is, the size of elements or images within a work of art in relation to each other or to the whole
Scale
Is defined as the size of something relative to the human dimensions of a viewer
Shape
Is generally used to describe flat, enclosed areas, like a circle or square.
Form
Is often used to describe 3D shapes such as a sphere or a cube
Style
Is the distinctive mode of expression that results from the way in which an artist handles materials and the elements and principles of art and design
Balance
Is the distribution of weight- actual or visual- in a work of art. It results in physical stability (as in a sculpture) or a sense of equilibrium among the visual units of a composition
Visual Texture
Is the illusion of an actual texture
Volume
Is the measurable space within a #D form or object- in other words, its capacity
Color
Is the most complex element of art to define. Scientifically speaking, ________ is the thing that the human eye and brain perceived that is associated with descriptive words like red, or blue, or yellow.
Texture
Is the surface character of materials as experienced by the sense of touch and sight. _____________ can be inherent in the materials that an artist chooses or can be created through manipulation of surfaces. It can also be implied in a work of art through the illusionistic rendering of the physical aspects of material.
Abstract Art
Is usually defined as art that does not imitate or clearly represent visible reality
Nonobjective Shapes
Like nonobjective works of art in general, make no reference to visible reality
+ Tones
Mixing gray with a color can create a variety of ______________________
Nonobjective Art
Often used as a synonym for abstract art, does not begin with objects in the visible world
Low-Key Value Range, High-Key Value Range
On the spectrum of grays, as one moves towards BLACK, they enter what is known as the ____________________________________; as one moves toward the WHITE, they are in the _____________________________.
Color Schemes
Planned combinations of color are referred to as ___________________________________.
Primary Pigment Colors
Red, yellow, and blue can be referred to as
Principles of Design
Refer to the visual strategies that along with the elements of art, are used to construct a work of art
Implied Lines
Refers to the "sense" of line created by the perceptual tendency to connect a series of points
Value Contrast
Refers to the degrees of difference between shades of gray
The measure of a line
Refers to the length and width of a line
Value
Refers to the lightness or darkness of a hue-its degree of luminosity
Value
Refers to the relative degree of lightness or darkness of a surface or a color
Realism
Refers to the replication- through artistic means- of people and things as they are seen be the eye or really thought to be, without idealization, without distortion
Hue
Simply defined, __________ is pure, unadulterated color- as it appears on the color wheel
Visible Spectrum
Sir Isaac Newton recreated the colors of the rainbow, otherwise known as the _______________________
Color Wheel
Sir Isaac Newton's color circles served as the precedent for the twelve-point _______________________ and the foundation of color theory in art.
Yellow-orange, Orange-red, Red-violet, Violet-blue, Blue-green, Green-yellow
So-called tertiary colors
Iconography
Study of symbols
Psychological Line
Suggests a conceptual connection- an invisible linear path- between or among elements or characters in a composition.
Surface, Touch
Texture is used to describe the _____________________ character of a material and is experienced primarily through the sense of __________________.
Subject
The WHAT of a work of art
Symbolism
The _____________________________ of colors, their meanings, are culture-specific
Shades, Tints
The addition of BLACK results in ________________ of that hue; adding WHITE produces ________________ of that hue.
Positive Shape, Negative Shape
The figure is regarded as ________________________ in a composition and the ground is regarded as _____________________________.
Medium
The materials and tools that artists use to create a work of art comprise its ______________________ (like oil paints on canvas)
Value
The perception of a _________________ of a color is dependent on that which surrounds it
Highlighting
The placement of patches of bright light is termed _________________________ when the lighting is harshest, cast shadows are most pronounced
Figure-Ground Reversal
The tendency of the eye and brain to shift focus when figure and ground are ambiguous
Representational
The term _______________________________________ is used to describe forms in the natural world that most people would find recognizable even if the maker has not rendered the details with meticulous realism
Texture
The word _______________________ derives from the Latin for "weaving"
Hue, Value, and Intensity
Three perceptual properties of color are
Chiaroscuro or Modeling
Use of contrasting gradations of light and shade to create the illusion of 3D on a 2D surface
Outline
What we call an actual line
Optical Color
When artists simulate the visual effects of different lighting conditions and their effects on the objects we are looking at, they are working with the principle of _______________________.
Direction of Movement
When we speak of vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines, we refer to the sense of __________________________________________________ they imply.
Tenebrism
Whereas chiaroscuro relies on bathing subjects in more or less uniform light, ________________________, from the Italian meaning "shadowy manner", mimics the effects of a harsh "spotlight" emanating from a single light source with clear directionality.
Content
Whereas subject refers to the aspects of a work that can be described, _________________ refers to a work's array of intangible aspects: the emotional, intellectual, psychological, symbolic element
Color
Without light there is no _____________________
Cool, Warm
____________ and _____________ apply, in typical usage, to temperature
Intensity, Saturation
_____________________________ and ______________________________ are synonymous terms that describe the brightness or dullness of a color
Line
a basic, and perhaps the most essential element of art. ________________ is the shortest distance between 2 points and is the thing created by the connection of these points.
Form
in the context of art and design can have more than one meaning. It may refer to the totality of a composition or design. It may also be used to discuss 3D shapes, or also may be used to describe areas of void space in sculptural works that serve as compositional counterpoints to solid shapes
