ART110 - Ch 12

Which was an innovation of the ancient Egyptian Chair of Hetepheres?

It was portable with armrests

When did artists working in traditional "craft" media begin to claim their place in the fine arts world?

1960s

This ivory vessel from Sierra Leone combines ________ and _________ forms and imagery.

- African - European

How was this Chinese bowl made?

Potters wheel

Lacquer is made from tree _____________.

sap

What was the 19th century movement that promoted the handmade object and held exhibitions of pottery, textiles, and woodworking?

Arts and Crafts movement

To shape a hollow glass vessel, an artist can dip a long metal tube into molten glass, and then do what?

Blow air into the tube to create a bubble in the glass

The technique of melting metal to a liquid state and pouring it into a mold is called _____________.

Casting

Jade is known for which property?

Extreme hardness

True or False: All cultures make finite distinctions made between art and craft.

False

True or false: This bowl is representative of "Olumeye" bowls in Yoruba culture more generally.

False

When a metal is shaped through hammer blows, it is called ________________.

Forging

How can you tell pomegranate juice was held in this ancient Egyptian glass vessel?

Glass was a luxury item, and pomegranate juice was symbolically important

Which metals may be forged cold?

Gold

What historical even threatened the future of handmade craft objects?

Industrial Revolution

This "Aquamanile," which holds water for priests to wash their hands, can trace its roots back to which region?

Iran

what culture is best known for focusing a great deal of aesthetic attention on the production of carpets and rugs?

Islamic

Produced in Greece during the 16th century BCE this "Rhyton" is a metal that can be manipulated in what way?

It can be worked at room temperature

This Ardabil carpet from 16th century Persia was labor-intensive because it used the _________ technique, in which segments of wool were tied to a woven ground.

Knotting

Why do artists using lacquer need to exercise great patience?

Lacquer requires many layers to make a solid coat

When glass is heated, it becomes _________________ or melted.

Molten

When clay is mixed with water and becomes moldable and cohesive, it becomes ________________.

Plastic

What is fiber?

Pliable, threadlike strand

For the ancient Olmecs, what was jade?

Represented plant life and rainwater

What does the coiling technique involve?

Rope-like strands of clay that are joined together

European cathedrals built during the 12th and 13th centuries are famous for their __________ glass, an example of which can be seen in this image of the rose window and lancets in France's Chartres Cathedral.

Stained

What are sheets of colored glasses joined together with strips of lead called?

Stained glass

Which types of artwork does decorative arts describe?

Textiles, ceramic, and metalwork

Where were jade, ivory, and lacquer prized by numerous cultures?

Their rarity

What is one task of a designer?

To translate technological advances into aesthetically pleasing objects

True or False: If we no longer know the original context in which an object was created, we can still appreciate it as a work of art.

True

True or False: Scientists in the 19th and 20th centuries dug up graves, disturbed sacred sites and human remains in pursuit of their research into indigenous cultures.

True

For what is jade the common name?

Two minerals, nephrite and jadeite

Referring to ceramics, textiles, metalwork, and woodwork as applied arts suggests that these objects are merely __________.

Utilitarian

Which form of fiber art involves placing two sets of parallel fibers at right angles and interlacing one set with the other?

Weaving

Because ______ is renewable, available, and easily carved, almost all civilizations, old, and new, have made objects from it.

Wood

According to Gustav Stickley, in industrial design, the role of a(n) ______________ is to design an object that can be made by industrial methods.

artist

How was the Chinese lacquer snuff bottle carved?

In high relief

How was this Chinese jade basin carved?

In high relief

What do we know about this late 15th or early 16th century ivory vessel?

- Created by sculptor of the Sapi culture in the present day Sierra Leon, West Africa - Resembles a large European drinking glass, a goblet - Designed to hold salt

What aspects does this Library table constructed in Gustav Stickley's Craftsman Workshop

- Has simple, straightforward lines - An example of "Democratic art"

What about this Bracelet from Roman Empire indicates that it was made for a wealthy individual?

- It has an elaborate design - It contains emeralds, sapphires, and pearls - Gold is an expensive material

In what ways does being hollow help a ceramic object?

- It is hard to fire solid clay, which might explode in the kiln - Most ceramics are meant to hold things

What were the results of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990?

- It prohibited the digging up of native graves and sacred sites - It required the return of sacred objects collected in the past

Which of the following is true of the ivory trade?

- It severely impacted the world's elephant population - It was a global network that once moved ivory around the globe

For what reasons have artists and patrons adopted ivory as a material?

- Luxury material - Resilient material - Easy carve intricate designs in ivory

Of what materials is this Japanese writing box made?

- Mother of pearl - Red lacquer - Gold

What aspects does Merete Rasmussen's "Twisted Red Form" show?

- Non-representational sculptural form - Made using the coiling technique

What are considered vegetable fibers?

- Raffia - Cotton - Flax

For what reasons can we assume that only a small fraction of the wooden objects created over time still survive?

- Susceptible to insects - An organic material - Susceptible to water - Susceptible to fire

What do we know about this piece made by Pueblo potter Maria Martinez?

- The color scheme is due to the firing process - It is made through coiling

What facts do we know about the Olumeye bowl?

- The material in which the bowl was sculpted - Name of the sculptor who constructed the bowl

To where is lacquer unique?

East Asia

Who was the most prominent advocate for the Arts and Crafts movement in the United States?

Gustav Stickley

When clay is fired in a kiln, it is no longer _____________.

plastic