ARTH 1380

"Place these in chronological order, oldest first"

1. Arch of Septimus (203 CE) 2. Portraits of Tetrarchs (300 AD) 3. Arch of Constantine (315 CE 4. US Capital

"List these Roman emperors chronologically, with oldest first"

1. Augustus 2. Septimius Severus 3. Constantine

Place the previous names of this key city in Turkey in chronological order, oldest first

1. Byzantium 2. Constantinople 3. Istanbul

Order the emperors chronologically, beginning with the oldest (the one who ruled farthest in the past).

1. Constantine 2. Justinian 3. Leo III

"Place the buildings in chronological order, with the oldest first."

1. Great Mosque of Damascus (715) 2. Great Mosque of al-Mutawakkil (851) 3. Dome of the rock (1023)

"Put these places in order of their appearance, oldest first."

1. La Venta 2. San Lorenzo 3. Teotihuacan

"Place these buildings in chronological order, oldest first"

1. La Venta Pyramid 2. Pyramid of the Sun 3. Temple of the Feathered Serpent

"Place the periods in their correct chronological order, oldest first."

1. Prehistoric 2. First Mesopotamian 3. Old Kingdom 4. Archaic Greece 5. Early Classical Greece

"List these Roman emperors chronologically, with oldest first"

1. Trajan 2. Diocletian 3. Constantine

Mesoamerica's first large-scale artistic culture began around what year?

1200 BCE

Teotihuacan became the largest city in Mesoamerica by this date.

150 CE

"Place the events in the right order, oldest first"

2. Gobekli Tepe (8000 BCE) 1. Lascaux (15000-17000 BCE) 4. Stonehenge (2500 BCE) 3. Catalhoyuk (7500 BCE)

Choose all the traits that Mesoamerican cultures shared

260 day calendar hieroglyphic writing rubber ball game

Place the works in chronological order, oldest first

3. Virgin and Child with Angels and Saints (700) 2. Justinian and his entourage, San Vitale (546) 1. Black-figure vase painting, Greece (450 BCE)

The date of the original creation of this work

305 CE

The Hellenistic period is dated to

323-31 BCE

The conquests by a Greek general that ushered in the Hellenistic phase may be dated to

336-323 BCE

Place these works in the order they were built, oldest first.

4. Erechtheion (421-404 BCE) 2. Parthenon (447-432 BCE) 3. Propylaia (437 BCE) 1. Athena Promakhos Statue (456 BCE)

The end date for Olmec culture

400 BCE

The Parthenon building was completed on this date (which does not include the later sculptural work)

438 BCE

The Greek Early Classic period begins at

480 BCE

Ancestral humans began making stone tools by this date

500,000 years ago

This object was done about _______ years ago.

5000

The Greek Archaic period begins

600 BCE

Image-making by humans began about this many years ago

65,000 years ago

The Doric order began in the _____ century

7th

The century (in the Christian calendar) that saw the appearance of Islam.

7th

The Ice Age lasted until about (answers are in BCE)

9,600 BCE

Identify the ambulatory

A

Identify the apse

A

Identify the arch

A

Identify the hypostyle hall

A

This dynasty ruled much of the Islamic world from 750-1258

Abbasid Caliphate

Identify the subject matter

Abduction of Persophone

The precinct contained __________.

Administrative building Storerooms Temples

Homo sapiens began on this continent.

Africa

This complex was created _________ the era of cave paintings. (before or after)

After

The ritual center of Athens is called the

Akropolis

Identify the Greek general who greatly expanded the borders of the Greek world in the fourth century BCE.

Alexander

Identify the first major cave to be discovered

Altamira Cave

Identify the figures in the second or back plane.

Angels

Identify the figures who are seen in 3/4 view

Angels

Name the patron deity of Athens.

Athena

The Athenians move the Delian League treasury from Delos to

Athens

In 404 BCE

Athens lost the war with Sparta

This emperor is seen as the first Roman Emperor.

Augustus

Identify the nave

B

Identify the pendentive

B

Identify the major nave vault system for the Romanesque period

Barrel

BP refers to

Before Present

Identify the male figure lounging by the river in the bottom right (hint: name of a town)

Bethlehem

Early West Asian temples were constructed of _________.

Bricks?

The eastern Orthodox church is associated with this Christian empire.

Byzantine

Identify the barrel vault

C

Identify the minbar

C

Identify the side chapel

C

Country that originally developed papermaking

China

Identify the central small child.

Christ

Some walls in the precinct were decorated with __________.

Cone mosaics

This emperor defeated his rival at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge and ended the Tetrarchy in the early 4th century CE.

Constantine

Identify the apse

D

The first register of this work shows the army preparing to cross this river.

Danube

Greek drama (theater) was especially related to this god.

Dionysos

A metope exists only in _______ order temples.

Doric

Identify the three major Greek orders

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

The proportions of the body are based on which sculpture?

Doryphoros

Identify the crossing

E

This temple precinct was called _________.

Eanna

Identify the period style. (Tablets from Uruk)

Early West Asian

Identify the period style. (Uruk Vase)

Early West Asian

Identify the period style. (Votive figures from the Temple of Abu)

Early West Asian

Identify the period style: (Head of Akkadian ruler)

Early West Asian

Identify the period style: (Seated statue of Gudea)

Early West Asian

The material was imported from ______.

Egypt

Who does this represent?

Emperor Augustus

"Kingship was not important to Early Dynastic Egyptians, emerging only in the Old Kingdom. "

False

"Mesoamerica, unlike Peru, consisted mainly of one climate: humid jungle"

False

"Much of Chauvet cave was done in a single brief episode, when a great early painter was allowed to paint all the cave walls." T/F

False

"Neanderthals could not make art, which led to their downfall." T/F

False

"The early cities of Western Asia were egalitarian, with little difference in the distribution of wealth." T/F

False

A kouros is free-standing statue of an elaborately dressed young woman

False

Architectural orders are more like an expressive dance than a language

False

At the top of the vase, the figure in the long dress receiving offerings is the goddess Inanna. T/F (Uruk Vase)

False

Both of these are ceramic vessels.

False

Bronze-working technology was first discovered during this period.

False

Chauvet cave contains mostly rudimentary drawings made by unskilled early artists. T/F

False

Decoration like the example you see here was often representational. (Stucco wall panel)

False

Early cave artists focused almost exclusively on the human figure. T/F

False

Goddesses were often portrayed nude in earlier Greek art

False

Incision is similar to sculpting something in high relief.

False

Much of the earliest evidence for human cave painting occurs in the Americas. T/F

False

Near the entry to the Athenian Akropolis stood a 30 ft. tall statue of Zeus.

False

No worshiper could look the holy figures in the eyes.

False

Once a West Asian kingdom was formed, the borders were closed and other West Asian kingdoms were not allowed to visit or exchange goods.

False

People lived deep inside caves during the Ice Age cave painting period. T/F

False

The Ionic order was viewed as more masculine and muscular than the Doric.

False

The Republican order was the most popular architectural order for the Greeks.

False

The alert gaze of the figure on the right is obtained by using actual human eyes in the eye sockets.

False

The area around this column was left wild and undecorated to indicate the primeval world of early Rome.

False

The higher the rank, the more naturalistic the portrait.

False

The low technological level of the early Australians meant that they did not begin to create images until recently. T/F

False

The main figure is shown as clearly human, with no divine symbolism, in accord with the Roman Senate's wishes.

False

The striking bluish stone was quarried near the place where this statue was set up and then bonded to the place via ritual by this relationship.

False

This figure is life size: (Women of Willendorf)

False

This sculpture is hollow

False

This sculpture was originally found on the Erechtheion, a building on the Akropolis of Athens.

False

This specific marble statue was the original carved by the Classic Greek artist.

False

This vase depicts three different scenes occurring at three different times. T/F (Uruk Vase)

False

This was placed in a public theater for debate.

False

This work is life size.

False

This work was a relief panel placed in a palace.

False

Works such as this we always considered singular and holy--it would have been a sacrilege to copy this image.

False

"Although the Olmec were great stone carvers, stone was relatively scarce in the Olmec area. "

False?

Teotihuacan is near the earliest Olmec city in Mesoamerica.

False?

The theme is the deeds of the gods.

False?

"In a congregational mosque, the main meeting is on"

Friday

Identify the aisle

G

This emperor ended the persecutions of the Christians.

Galerius

Identify the facade (or westwork)

H

The central figure in the chariot may be identifed as

Hades

"This emperor was known as a true lover of Greek culture, or Hellenophile"

Hadrian

Where is this?

Hagia Sophia

The last phase of Greek art is the

Hellenistic

__________ scale depicts a figure has slightly taller or larger than other figures in the scene to suggest a dominant position for the larger figure.

Hierarchical

The top portion of each image contains a frontal image of human faces with cow horns flanking the central _________.

Hieroglyphic name

You are a member of which genus of the hominid family?

Homo sapiens

The translation of this temple precinct's name means __________.

House of heaven

The monumental architecture of Gobekli Tepe was made by

Hunters and Gatherers

"Place the events in the right order, oldest first"

Hybrid Lion-Human Figurine (1) Chauvet Cave (2) Women from Willendorf (3) Altamira Cave (4)

People who did not like to use images such as this one in religious worship were called ___________

Iconoclasts

Name the two architects of the Parthenon

Iktinos Kallikrates

The major goddess worshipped here was called:

Inanna

The major pilgrimage during the Romanesque period was to the Way of St. _____

James

Identify where the image is found: (Jericho Skull)

Jericho

This emperor built Hagia Sophia.

Justinian

Name the book the artist wrote about this sculpture.

Kanon

The first Olmec city with incised jade objects.

La Venta

The first Olmec pyramid is found at

La Venta

Identify where the image is found: (Lascaux Cave Painting)

Lascaux Cave

The period 400-323 BCE in Greece is called the

Late Classic period

Which is earlier (left is 2460 BCE, right is 2254 BCE)

Left

Which of these takes the stele form?

Left

The emperor that brought an end to the Pax Romana

Marcus Aurelius

Choose the architectural elements that may be found at Stonehenge (pick more than 1 answer)

Megalith Stones Post-and-lintel trilithon

Identify the woman leaning on the central figure.

Melody

The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is called___________.

Mesopotamia??

Lost wax casting creates __________.

Metal sculptures

The period 843-1204 is known as the _________ Byzantine Period (one word).

Middle

The iconography of the central scene on the left image has the tall figure striking a kneeling figure. Who is the tall figure?

Narmer

Name the period that saw the first agriculture.

Neolithic

The Domus Aurea was owned by

Nero

"The history of ancient Egypt is intertwined with its central river, the _______. "

Nile

The first large-scale Mesoamerican artistic culture is called _______.

Olmec

Identify this building

Pantheon

The United States Capitol building used this Ancient Roman Building as a model.

Pantheon

What event brought this sculptural group here?

Parthian war

The latin name of this work translates as Altar of _____.

Peace

Identify the original site of this work

Pergamon

The most important Athenian leader during the High Classical period was _______.

Perikles

Identify the sculptor whose workshop was responsible for this.

Pheidias

Name the artist of this sculpture.

Polykleitos

Identify the sculptor

Praxiteles

Identify the period style: (Hybrid-Lion Figure)

Prehistoric

Identify the period style. (Women of Willendorf)

Prehistoric?

Which of these celebrates a royal victory?

Right

Place the events in the right order, oldest first

Rise of modern Humans (1) Paintings in Lascaux (2) Paintings in Chauvet (3) End of the Ice Age (4)

The base of this monument represents

Roman ancestors

Low relief may be defined as

Sculptures in which the forms project only slightly from the background

Identify the god in the image at the top.

Shamash

The key muslim dynasty in Europe was located in _________ (name of country).

Spain

Megalith means large ___________.

Stone

The early cities of West Asia were based on these two primary economic institutions. (Select 2)

Temple Palace

Which Teotihuacan pyramid preserves much of its fa ade sculpture?

Temple of the Feathered Serpent

This sculpture is called the Four ______

Tetrarchs

A capital in architecture may be defined as

The distinct top section of a column or pillar, usually decorative

Iconography is defined as

The study of subject matter, such as images or symbols used to convey specific meanings

This emperor was best known for a monumental narrative column

Trajan

"Although Egypt and West Asia developed their own styles and societies, there is evidence of interchange between the two. "

True

"Although they change poses, later Greek sculptors continued to use the same human proportions as seen in the earlier Doryphoros by Polykleitos."

True

"In addition to elite prestige objects, modest works by ancient craftsmen are of interest to art historians because they provide social information about every day life of ordinary folk." T/F

True

"In the middle section of the vase, nude men are carrying baskets containing food." T/F

True

"Material culture may be defined as the materials, objects and technologies that accompany every day life. "

True

"The artists of Teotihuacan created a more conventionalized, geometric style than in other Mesoamerican traditions of the time."

True

A kore is a free-standing statue of an elaborately dressed young woman

True

A votive is an image or object created as a devotional offering to a deity.

True

A year BCE is before (older) than a year CE. T/F

True

After the fall of the Akkadian Kingdom and the Third Dynasty of Ur, smaller states rose in the Western Asian region after 2000 BCE.

True

Agriculture formed the basis of this society. T/F

True

Akkadians rise to power after the fall of Sumerian cities like Uruk. T/F

True

Ancient African artists painted images deep inside caves. T/F

True

Ancient Egypt was located in Africa.

True

Ancient Egyptians buried their rulers with the objects and people needed to provide for the ruler in the afterlife.

True

Before scientific dating techniques, scholars assumed that less naturalistic or less skilled images were earlier. T/F

True

Both of these exhibit images of the ruler.

True

Early Islamic visual culture was in many ways an extension of Mediterranean and West Asian Late Antiquity.

True

Early painting in deep caves has been discovered mainly in Europe. T/F

True

Farming cultures preceded the creation of cities in western Asia. T/F

True

Figures walking in a line are believed to be taking part in a procession. T/F

True

Greek Early Classical art is generally more naturalistic than Greek Archaic art.

True

Greek temples functioned as the house of the god.

True

Historical periods such as the Neolithic began at different times in different parts of the World. T/F

True

Italian Fascists reconstructed this monument.

True

Many of the animals depicted in Paleolithic caves were not hunted or eaten by Paleolithic peoples. T/F

True

Many of the animals depicted in early cave art were not the animals that were eaten by humans. T/F

True

Mesoamerica was the first region in the Americas to develop cities.

True

Ocher refers to stone that has been left to weather naturally.

True

Paleolithic cave artists rarely depicted the human figure. T/F

True

Relief defines raised forms projecting from a flat ground. T/F

True

Some elements of the Parthenon were subtly distorted to adjust for human perception

True

Stonehenge was built thousands of years after the deep cave paintings of Chauvet and Lascaux. T/F

True

The Doric order was developed first.

True

The Emperor commissioned this work to reconcile himself with foreign enemies.

True

The Greeks were concerned with human perception of architecture.

True

The Hellenistic Baroque may be characterized as more dramatic than earlier Greek art.

True

The Parthenon cella contained a monumental sculpture of Athena Parthenos

True

The development of writing in southern Mesopotamia coincides with the emergence of cities there. T/F

True

The figure on the left has the idealized body of a young athletic male.

True

The figure on the right is more naturalistic than the figure on the left.

True

The figure on the right shows the rolls of stomach fat that were highly desirable as a sign of wealth.

True

The first large-scale artistic culture in Mesoamerica developed in the cool and arid climate of the mountains around today's Mexico City.

True

The great Olmec artworks required considerable coordination that must have been managed by the ruler.

True

The horizontal bands with figures are called registers. T/F (Uruk Vase)

True

The many windows would have allowed light into the interior from multiple points.

True

The object on your right is less interested in text and more interested in the image.

True

The viewer can sense the body underneath the drapery.

True

The wavy line at the bottom of the vase is identified as water. T/F (Uruk Vase)

True

There are no human figures in this composition.

True

This figure is a relief sculpture. T/F (Women of Willendorf)

True

This figure was once viewed as erotic: (Women of Willendorf)

True

This is a Roman copy of a Greek original.

True

This sculpture contains both images and writing.

True

This statue is probably a copy of a greek original in another material.

True

This vase was found in a store room in a temple precinct. T/F (Uruk Vase)

True

This work was originally brightly painted.

True

West Asian culture was urban and literate.

True

Western Asia refers to the growth of the Mesopotamian world to include Syria, Turkey, the eastern Mediterranean coast, and adjacent areas.

True

Western Asian rulers of this time, like earlier Mesopotamian rulers, liked to emphasize their connection to the gods.

True

incised may be defined as cut or engraved.

True

This figure was carved well before the caves of Lascaux were painted. T/F

True Lascaux (15,000 BCE) Lion-Man (40,000 BCE)

"In the art of early caves, everyone painted."

True?

"In the art of early caves, everyone painted." T/F

True?

The main theme focuses on the political office of the king.

True?

The marble would have been left without paint or other decoration because of the high value placed on fine marble by the Greeks.

True?

Ancient Egypt was made up of this many distinct political zones. (Hint: there were this many crowns for the pharoah)

Two

The invention of writing in western Asia occured during the ________ period.

Uruk

Identify the central seated figure who is holding a small child.

Virgin

_________ statues allowed donors to always be in the presence of the god.

Votive

Identify where the image in found: (Women of Willendorf)

Willendorf

The Abbasid dynasty brought together scholars from all over the world in the House of _______.

Wisdom

The most important formula that governed the Parthenon proportions was ______________.

Y = 2X + 1

Identify the central figure

Zeus

This work is found in

a church

The large interior space is covered with ________

a dome

A pilaster is

a flat , rectangular vertical projection from a wall

A colonnade is

a long series of columns

What is this?

a mosaic

Talud-tablero may defined as

a particular architectural profile associated with Teotihuac

This detail is part of

a triumphal arch

Parchment is

a writing surface prepared from animal skins

In a mosque courtyard, the central fountain used for ritual washing is called a ___________ fountain.

ablution

The head is _________ in relation to the body compared to earlier head/body ratios in imperial portraiture.

about the same size

The La Mojarra stele is dated to _______ the great Olmec cities

after

This work comes ______ the Augustan works such as the Primaporta statue.

after

This was done ______ the Great Mosque at Damascus.

after (836-93)

Radiocarbon dating is a scientific method for determining the ______ of an object.

age

When the Egyptian ruler died he was reborn as ______.

akh?

This temple was dedicated to the worship of

all the gods

This statue type shows _________ emperor.

an idealized

In its art style, this figure harks back to _______.

an idealized Egypt

The center of a Greek house was

an open-air courtyard

A cache may be defined as

an underground deposit that does not contain a burial

Hybrid figurines mix human and ______ features.

animal

Art made in a religious context in Islamic lands avoids this kind of imagery due to the prohibition against idolatry.

anthropomorphic

"The place of the holiest Christian ritual, and the focal point of the entire church is called the _____"

apse?

This sculpture tells the story of Greek triumph over _________.

barbarism

Preferred vault for covering the bays of a Late Roman basilica

barrel

"A longitudinal, cruciform church with an apse at one end is called a _________."

basilica

A ________ (type of church structure) has a longitudinal plan.

basilica

This monument was created ______ Christianity was declared the official religion of the empire.

before

The period of iconoclasm was ______ the Middle Byzantine Period.

before Middle Byzantine period (843-1204) Iconoclasm (726-842)

Define rammed-earth architecture.

building with compressed earth

How was this constructed

by stacking hollow marble drums

The area where Romans took hot baths. (latin word)

caldarium

Chasing involves

carving into portions of a cast bronze work

This sculpture depicts the Battle of the Lapiths and _________.

centaurs

A _____ plan church is based on the circle.

central

A celt is a ___________.

ceremonial ax head

Terracotta is baked _______.

clay

Christian monks lived _____

communally

The shoulders seen frontally but the face in profile is called _______________ view.

composite

Much of the upper part of this building is constructed using

concrete

"In the murals of San Bartolo, the Maya artist used __________ narrative to show several different scenes in the same mural program"

continuous

Each of the column figures is shown in ____________ stance.

contrapposto

Identify the stance or pose

contrapposto

Identify the stance.

contrapposto

These figures do not stand in the _______ pose that was used by most earlier emperor portraits such as Augustus of Primaporta.

contrapposto

"In building, a _________ is a layer of bricks arranged horizontally"

course

The rotunda may be defined as

cylindrical-shaped room

A chief difference between this sculpture and earlier Greek sculptures is the ___________

display of emotion

The coffers may be defined as

each of the receding rectangular elements in the ceiling

Ma'at was associated with _____ and social _______

earthly order and social cohesion

Champleve is a technique that fills the hollows in metalwork with ______

enamel

The Propylaia was the

entrance to the Akropolis

The outer edge of the central niche is decorated with (D)

flowers

The folds over the straight leg remind one of the ______ of traditional columns.

flutes

The vertical decorative pattern in a shaft is called

fluting

Identify the material

fresco

The _____ pose of the saints is typical of icons.

frontal

John of Damascus argued that this image may be used in religious worship because _________

god was made flesh

A gilded object is covered with ________ (a precious metal)

gold

The key message is that of a ________ created by the Roman emperor.

golden age

Both the Roman Republic and the United State created their republic by overthrowing the _____________ (one word).

government

Preferred vault for covering the central aisle in Late Roman basilicas

groin

The drapery _____ the body underneath

hides

The artist uses ____________ scale to represent the most important person.

hierarchical

The human figure in the central niche (A) is carved in ___________

high relief

The use of ______ and shadow help create three-dimensional forms, such as in the nose.

highlight

Figurative art portrays _____ and animal forms.

human

Identify the type of religious painting (one word, four letters).

icon

Some Christians were dismissive of the use of images such as this one in religious worship because of the fear of ______.

idolatry

Blood is indicated by

inlaid copper

A cella (or naos) is a ______________.

inner chamber of a temple

The most valuable stone to the Olmec was

jade

The central motif in the upper portion of this work--marked C--represents a

jaguar

Pilgrimage is defined as

journey to a sacred place

Cyclopean masonry may be defined as ________

large boulders are roughly shaped and fitted together to create well-knit, structurally sound walls.

This is ______ than the iconoclastic period.

later

This is ______ than the building of Hagia Sophia.

later Deesis (1261) Hagia Sophia (532)

These figures are _______ individualized than earlier imperial portraiture.

less

This work is ______ classicizing than the frieze on this emperor's arch

less

A peristyle is a ______________.

line of columns surrounding a space

The horizontal element in the Greek temple system is called a ________

lintel

In 1204 European crusaders stopped in Constantinople to

loot Hagia Sophia and other treasure

The central motif in the upper portion of this work--marked C--is carved in ________

low relief

This part is more recent

lower portion

This part uses more Hadrianic Classical style

lower portion

This part uses proportions and style of other contemporary works like the Portraits of the Tetrarchs

lower portion

The most important food plant for Mesoamericans.

maize

This subject may reflect _______ customs that were then current in Greece.

marriage

The thin middle register is filled with

meander

A cloister may be defined as a courtyard for quiet __________.

meditation

Lusterware uses _______ oxides combined with clay and gum to create a shiny ceramic surface.

metal

Olmec Colossal Heads are thought to be

monumental portraits of the ruler

The building program led by Perikles was meant to

monumentalize the Panthenaic Procession

"While one temple contains foundational courses of limestone, most of the structures were built with ________.

mudbrick?

Storytelling in pictures is called pictorial _________.

narrative

This work may be generally considered

narrative

The upper frieze contains

narrative scenes

The chief theme is the power of the king over _________.

nature

Panhellenic means

of all the greeks

Monasteries started building only in stone because

of the danger of fire from a timber roof

This work was meant to be displayed ________________

on a high pedestal in the center of a courtyard

A folio is

one leaf of a book

A drum in a classical order is

one part of the column shaft

A forum is

open area at the center of a Roman town

Name of the circular performance space in Greek theaters

orchestra

Identify the highlighted architectural element.

pediment (triangle roof)

The lower frieze contains

plant and animal forms

The head of the Western (Catholic) church is called the ______.

pope

Identify the material

porphyry

Greek temples are built in the simple ___________ system.

post and lintel

These designs could be carved or ______ onto the surface.

pressed

This particular statue was made for a ________ environment.

private

Ibn Muqla is known for creating a _________ system of writing

proportional

Name the most popular style of painting on ceramics during the Greek Classic period.

red-figure

The thick horizontal lines divide the surface into ________.

registers?

This monument ________ earlier Classicism in Roman art.

rejects

Temple priests and priestesses in west Asia made sure the daily _________ were maintained.

rituals

The human figure in the central niche (A) holds a _____ in his right hand.

rope

This sculpture was placed in the _____________.

royal palace

Art historians commonly define Islamic art as including both religious and __________ art created as part of what is broadly understood as Islamic culture.

secular

Early Qur'an writing was

simple with little ornamentation

Name of the backdrop behind the main performance space in a Greek theater

skene

Identify the material (stucco wall panel)

stucco

"In western Asia, gods were believed to dwell in the heights of mountains or deep in the underworld, but they also resided in _______. "

temples

Entasis is

the bulging shape of the shaft

The Panathenaia was

the celebration of Athena's birthday

The oculus may be defined as

the central hole at the top of the dome

Art historians interpret the lower frieze to symbolize ______

the creation of the world

The symbolism of light in Byzantium was associated with (2 of the below).

the divine perfection

An equestrian statue represents

the emperor on horseback

The Arch of Titus commemorates

the emperor's victories in the Jewish wars

A cardo is

the main north-south street in a Roman city

The dome drum may be defined as

the place where the dome comes to rest

The top of this sculpture (B) served as

the ruler's seat

The main theme of this monument is ________.

the struggles of Aeneas

What is archaizing?

the use of forms from the distant past

The century of intense civil wars across the Roman empire

third

This part is older

top

The ring around his neck is called a

torc

There are ____ main planes to this composition.

two

The figure on the right is preparing to ______.

write